In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. 3. Quantitative estimation of circulating IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test.
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Absorption↗
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Results for “Radioallergosorbent Test”
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Measurement of absolute amounts of antigen-specific human IgE by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) elution technique.
A technique for the absolute quantification of antigen-specific human IgE is described. It employs elution of a calculable amount of antigen-specific IgE from an allergosorbent-antibody complex by means of alkaline pH treatment, followed by measurement of the IgE content of the eluate with a modified radioimmunosorbent test (RIST). With this method IgE antibody directed against the benzylpenicilloyl determinant of penicillin (BPO) was measured quantitatively in sera from seven penicillin allergic patients. IgE specific for ragweed antigen E was measured in sera from 33 ragweed allergic patients. Values obtained for IgE anti-BPO ranged from 19 to 1806 ng/ml and comprised from 1.3 to 27.5% of total serum IgE. Values of IgE anti-antigen E ranged from 9 to 1807 ng/ml, comprising from 3 to 84% of total serum IgE. Excellent correlation (r = 0.99; p less than 0.001) was obtained for both antigen systems between values determined by the RAST elution technique and by simple RAST assay with interpolation from a reference serum of known specific IgE content as determined by the elution technique may be needed only for primary standardization of reference sera.
Allergens↗
Editorial: The radioallergosorbent test.
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Allergens↗
Letter: The radioallergosorbent test.
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Humans↗
[Value of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in the etiologic diagnosis of childhood asthma].
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Adolescent↗
[Studies of skin test on diagnosis of nasal allergy induced house dust and mites].
Skin test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and nasal provocation test were carried out on 392 patients to detect house dust (HD) and mites as causative allergens. This study was undertaken to evaluate the difference between the results of skin test, RAST and nasal provocation test. The results were as follows: 1. The frequency of positive intradermal test to mites was high regardless of age. But possibility of false positive results existed and this possibility increased with the patient's age. 2. RAST to mites was significantly higher than that to HD. In diagnosing HD allergy, measuring RAST to mites was more useful than measuring that to HD. 3. In pediatric patients, it could be assumed that measuring RAST to mites was the most applicable technique for diagnosing HD and mites as causative allergens. 4. The combination of intradermal test to HD and scratch test to mites was considered to be a useful screening skin test in diagnosing HD allergy. 5. Both the end point and reaction criteria of intradermal test were significantly correlated with the results of RAST and nasal provocation test.
Adolescent↗
[Birch pollen nasal allergy in Sapporo and its cross reactivity with alder pollen].
We reported here 53 cases of birch pollen nasal allergy treated in our department from 1990 to 1991. The 53 patients constituted 16% of 335 total nasal allergy patients. In recent years, the number of birch pollen nasal allergy patients has apparently been gradually increasing in Sapporo. Skin tests, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) determinations and nasal provocation tests were performed for the diagnosis of birch pollen nasal allergy, and high degrees of correlation were observed among these tests. Therefore, it seems to be reasonable to determine the birch pollen allergy with only a positive case history of early springtime hay fever and RAST determination. A high correlation coefficient (Rho) value was found with RAST determinations between birch pollen and alder pollen. Furthermore, RAST of alder pollen was significantly inhibited by birch pollen extracts. These results indicate cross reactivity, presumably due to partial immunologic identity between these two pollen allergens.
Adolescent↗
Bronchial asthma. Mechanisms and management of a complex obstructive airway disease.
Airway hyperreactivity to physical, chemical, and pharmacologic stimuli is a hallmark of bronchial asthma. In patients with extrinsic (allergic) asthma, in whom an immunologic mechanism of the IgE type can be demonstrated, specific sensitivity develops to a variety of common environmental substances, including pollen, fungus spores, house dust mites, and animal danders. Persons with intrinsic asthma, in whom immunologic mechanisms are hard to demonstrate, often have chronic sinus disease and nasal polyps and manifest clinical intolerance to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Evaluation of asthma includes a history and complete physical examination, skin tests, radioallergosorbent tests, pulmonary function tests, blood gas determination, and inhalation challenge tests. Treatment is focused on environmental control, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Occupational asthma from cobalt sensitivity in workers exposed to hard metal dust.
Eight asthmatic patients who had no history of asthma before starting work in a hard-metal plant and eight control subjects (three atopic, three nonatopic asthmatic, and two normal volunteers) without a history of exposure to hard metal dust were subjected to provocation tests, skin tests, radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) and Farr test with cobalt. Four of the eight patients were atopic, and seven showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (BHR). Patch and intradermal skin tests with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) could not discriminate the patients from control subjects. All patients had positive reactions to CoCl2 in the provocation tests; two developed immediate asthmatic reaction (IAR), four late asthmatic reaction (LAR), and two dual asthmatic reaction (DAR), while the control subjects showed no reaction. Evidence of specific IgE antibodies to cobalt-conjugated human serum albumin (Co-HSA) was presented by four patients (RAST score greater than 2) based on comparison of serum samples from 60 asthmatic patients and 25 asymptomatic workers in the same plant. Positive serum samples selectively bound 57Co, and the test was blocked by nonlabled cobalt sulfate (CoSO4). These findings suggest the development of hard metal-induced asthma from cobalt sensitivity.
Adult↗
An anaphylactic reaction to highly purified pork insulin. Confirmation by RAST and RAST inhibition.
We describe a patient who had an anaphylactic reaction to highly purified pork insulin; he was not allergic however to beef insulin. The sensitivity to pork but not to beef insulin was confirmed by skin testing, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and RAST inhibition. A scheme is suggested for the investigation of such patients.
Adult↗
In vitro and in vivo biological activities of old and fresh Cupressus arizonica pollen.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory allergy to the pollen of Cupressaceae is becoming more and more common every year in the Mediterranean area. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to see whether the allergenic potency of Cupressus arizonica pollen diminished after a 6-year period (1994-2000). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the Cupressaceae, we selected the pollen of C arizonica. The mode of sampling in 1994 and in 2000 was the same and the pollen was collected on the same tree and stored at room temperature. To compare its biological and allergenic activities data was collected with the following methods: cytohistology of Alexander, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride enzyme staining, skin testing, nasal provocation test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST), RAST inhibition, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting to detect protein content. Thirty-eight patients with respiratory allergy to Cupressaceae were selected. RESULTS: We found no decrease in the allergenic potency of the pollen, but did find that viability and germinating power had disappeared completely after 30 to 40 days. Moreover, the amount of protein in the old pollen was half the amount found in the fresh one. Skin prick testing showed identical results with the old and the fresh pollens. CONCLUSIONS: The allergenic in vivo and in vitro activity of cypress pollen is retained for years after its collection. This activity seems to be independent of the viability of pollen grains and of the total protein content. This may explain the presence of clinical symptoms in patients out of the pollen season.
Adult↗
European Polistes venom allergy.
The American Polistes species venom mixture--that of P. annularis, P. fuscatus, P. metricus and P. exclamans--was the only commercially available mixture for diagnosis and therapy until 1996. However, these species of Polistes are not present in Europe, where P. dominulus and P. gallicus and to a lesser extent P. nimphus are widespread. The aim of this study was to assess the allergenic differences among the commercial American mix, P. dominulus and P. gallicus venom in European patients and therefore to verify if this mixture is suitable for diagnosis in these patients. We carried out skin tests, radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) and RAST inhibition in Italian patients with adverse reactions to Polistes stings. RAST inhibition results demonstrated that cross-reactivity between the American and European species is only partial and that P. dominulus and P. gallicus venoms have exclusive allergens. Skin tests and direct RAST confirmed these results and also showed that European Polistes venom is more suitable than the American mix in Italian patients. Moreover, we found a high rate of cross-reactivity between P. dominulus and P. gallicus. To conclude, P. dominulus and/or P. gallicus venoms are necessary for diagnosis and therefore in the therapy of European patients.
Adolescent↗
Occupational allergy in horticulture: demonstration of immediate-type allergic reactivity to freesia and paprika plants.
Patients A and M developed allergic symptoms when working in a greenhouse with paprika plants and freesia plants, respectively. The possible involvement of an IgE-mediated mechanism was investigated with the skin prick test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the histamine release test (HRT). Paprika flower, leaf and stem extract released 58, 47 and 43% of the total amount of histamine from washed leukocytes of patient A. In serum A IgE antibodies against paprika leaves and flowers could be demonstrated by RAST (11% binding of 125I-anti-IgE added). Freesia flower and stem extract released 46 and 43% histamine, respectively, from washed leukocytes of patient M. In the RAST, specific IgE antibodies against freesia flowers and stems were found in serum M (37% binding of 125I-anti-IgE added).
Adult↗
Foods and respiratory allergy.
Foods may induce respiratory symptoms by both reaginic and nonreaginic mechanisms. Asthma is one of the most common respiratory manifestations in children, and it is well known that many factors may provoke an attack. When considering the relationship between foods and asthma, we must keep in mind that food allergy may coexist with an inhalant allergy and that other nonallergens, such as pollutants, smoke, or additives, may modulate or modify bronchial reactivity and thus favor the food allergen action. In a study using clinical history, prick test, radioallergosorbent test, and double-blind food challenge, we demonstrated respiratory symptoms related to food allergy in 13 of 140 (9.2%) children with asthma. Asthma, in particular, was demonstrated in 8 of 140 (5.7%) patients. Food allergy respiratory symptoms are, in our experience, almost always associated with other clinical manifestations (e.g., cutaneous, gastrointestinal). The recognition of food-dependent IgE-mediated respiratory symptoms is essentially limited to those cases characterized by food allergy with asthmatic expression. It is possible, however, that in many cases foods may have a nonspecific role in the determination of asthma or in the preparation of bronchi for the possible consequent stimulus.
Asthma↗
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of local nasal immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis to Parietaria pollen.
We assessed the efficacy and safety of local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) using an extract in macronized powder form of Parietaria pollen, a very important allergenic plant in the Mediterranean and other parts of the world. Twenty-six patients aged 13-37 years, with seasonal allergic rhinitis to this pollen, were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, carried out from autumn 1991 to the end of June 1992. They were selected on the basis of a positive skin-prick test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and intranasal challenge to Parietaria antigen. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 13; the first group was given Parietaria antigen, and the second placebo. We recorded mean weekly symptom scores and drug consumption for 17 weeks during the pollen season in the year 1992, and specific serum-IgE and IgG levels. Three patients in the active group withdrew from the study because of bronchial symptoms. A significant difference was observed in mean weekly nasal symptom scores, in drug consumption and in specific nasal threshold to Parietaria allergenic extract in the treated and control groups. No difference was observed in serum IgE and IgG levels. Serum IgE levels rose significantly only in the control group after the pollen season. This study indicates that LNIT may be a useful alternative to traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Administration, Intranasal↗
[The involvement of rice protein 16KD in cross-allergenicity between antigens in rice, wheat, corn, Japanese millet, Italian millet].
Cross-reactivity between rice, wheat, corn, Japanese millet and Italian millet in Poaceae family were studied by absorption test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and RAST inhibition assay. In absorption test using Phadebas RAST discs, more than 50% absorption of IgE antibodies was observed between rice, wheat and corn. There were significant correlations of RAST values for cereal grains including rice, wheat, corn, Japanese millet and Italian millet. RAST inhibition assay between every combinations of these cereals showed dose-dependent decrease in IgE-binding. These data indicated cross-reactivity with IgE antibodies between the five cereals in Poaceae family. RAST values for RP16KD significantly correlated with those for Italian millet as well as rice but not with those for corn and wheat. There was a trend of positive correlation between RAST values for RP16KD and Japanese millet. In RAST inhibition assay using sera with positive RAST for these five cereal grains and RP16KD, RP16KD inhibited IgE-binding to these all cereal discs in dose-dependent manner. Similarly, all of five cereal grain extracts showed an effective diminution in IgE-binding to RP16KD disc. These results indicated possible participation of IgE-binding structure on RP16KD in cross-reactivity between these cereal grains in Poaceae family.
Adolescent↗
Clinical value of bronchial provocation testing in childhood asthma.
Previous studies have shown a positive relationship between the results of skin tests, radioallergosorbent tests, and bronchial provocation testing. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of skin and bronchial provocation testing to determine the extent to which the results of provocation testing could be predicted from puncture and intracutaneous skin tests. In the 1,596 provocation tests performed in 276 patients, more than 90% of patients with a wheal greater than or equal to 5 mm in diameter on skin testing by puncture technique using 1:20 w/v allergen extract experienced positive reactions on provocation testing for most antigens. If the wheal produced by puncture testing was less than 5 mm in diameter, a large wheal on intracutaneous testing only slightly increased the likelihood of a positive challenge, but if the wheal on intracutaneous testing was less than 5 mm, a positive challenge did not occur. It is concluded that the results of provocation tests may often be predicted from simple skin testing, and that in clinical use, provocation testing is likely to be useful primarily in patients for whom skin testing indicates moderate sensitization to allergens.
Adolescent↗
Local nasal immunotherapy for Dermatophagoides-induced rhinitis: efficacy of a powder extract.
BACKGROUND: Local nasal immunotherapy by means of an extract in "macronized" powder from was studied in allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides species. METHODS: Twenty-four Dermatophagoides-sensitive patients were studied for 12 months in a double-blind controlled trial. Subjects were selected on the basis of a positive history, skin test, radioallergosorbent test, and intranasal challenge to Dermatophagoides antigen. Two 12-patient groups were selected at random; the first group was given active treatment, and the second received placebo. RESULTS: After 6 months, the mean weekly symptom and medication scores were significantly lower in the treated group than in the control group. The treated group had a significant increase of specific nasal threshold to Dermatophagoides antigen after treatment. Adverse reactions to local nasal immunotherapy, which were limited to the upper respiratory tract, occurred very rarely and did not interfere with dose schedule. CONCLUSION: Local nasal immunotherapy in powder form may be a suitable alternative to the traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy in terms of clinical efficacy and safety.
Adult↗