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Migration of highly educated Asians and global dynamics.

The migration of highly educated Asians to developed countries and the implications of those movements are examined. "The far-reaching effects of the movement of Asian high level manpower (HLM) are discussed in light of: 1) the global articulation of higher education; 2) the link to unequal development on a global scale; and 3) the contribution to economic development of the reverse flow of HLM to less developed countries." The focus is on migration to Australia, Canada, and the United States from the 1960s to the present.

Americas↗

Stable features and changing aspects of Italian migration abroad in recent years.

For decades the migratory phenomenon has been a constant feature in Italian economic development, and the numerous Italian communities, now well established in various foreign countries, are testimony to that historical dimension. Taking into account Italian statistical information, the author analyzes the main aspects of the Italian communities abroad and points out the stable features and changing aspects of the migratory streams in recent times. Concluding remarks deal with some measures that would be necessary to adopt in the future both towards the Italian communities abroad and in the field of the actual different types of migrants. As to data problems, even if Italian statistical information seems to indicate the basic trends, it fails to provide complete data regarding the actual size of the phenomenon. An international agreement seems to be the most pressing requisite at present for a harmonious flow of information based on a standard collection criteria.

Demography↗

Repatriation: its role in resolving Africa's refugee dilemma.

The literature on Africa's refugees has grown dramatically over the past decade. 2 issues, however, remain relatively unresearched and poorly understood - the plight of urban refugees and the problems associated with repatriation. This article examines the dimensions of the latter. After placing repatriation into the context of contemporary durable solutions applied to the African refugee dilemma, the article examines some of the problems, concerns and frustrations associated with African repatriation exercises in terms of cultural, economic, and political obstacles encountered in the process of repatriation and the concomitant rehabilitation of refugees in their areas of origin. The article is illustrated with examples drawn from the Southern Sudanese repatriation of the early 1970s.

Africa↗

[International migration in Central America in the 1990s: causes, implications, and consequences].

"After [reviewing] the demographic and historical backgrounds as well as the situation in each individual country in the area, the author concludes that migrations in Central America have been originated and influenced mainly by social and economic causes, as well as by social-political conflicts in the area, the latter affecting especially El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Panama. Although bringing some relief to the families through remittances of money earned abroad, the general effects are negative for countries of origin, due to the loss of labor [and] ruptures in family relations. On the other hand, they significantly influence labor markets in the countries of destination, such as Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico and the United States. The countries in the area must now prepare themselves to receive many of those migrants back home." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗