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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Trefoil factor expression in normal and diseased human salivary glands.

Trefoil factors are wound-healing peptides important in protection and healing of the human gastrointestinal tract. Their potential for therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers has been established. This study investigated the hypothesis that trefoil factors are also present in human salivary gland. Tissues from surgical biopsy specimens were collected fresh into ice and stored in liquid nitrogen. Breast, stomach, and colon constituted positive controls. Trefoil factor mRNAs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or by in situ hybridization (ISH) with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Amplified DNA fragments were ligated into pGEM-T Easy vector and used to transform competent Escherichia coli JM109, allowing sequencing to confirm identity of cloned fragments. Generation of amplifiable cDNA was confirmed using primers specific to the ubiquitously expressed abl gene. By RT-PCR, TFF1 (pS2) mRNA was detected in 14 of 15 glands, TFF3 (hITF) mRNA in 13, and TFF2 (hSP) in only 1 gland. ISH of 15 glands (7 of which had been studied by RT-PCR) showed the same pattern of expression and indicated that TFF1 mRNA was usually expressed at low levels by a few mucous cells, whereas TFF3 was produced abundantly by most mucous cells. There was no difference in patterns of expression comparing parotid, submandibular, and minor mucous glands. Nor was there an obvious relationship between trefoil factor expression and pathology, but those glands not expressing TFF1 or TFF3 had evidence of chronic inflammation or atrophy. Trefoil factors are likely to be important in healing, predisposition to, and therapy of, oral diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Obstructive sialoadenitis: update of diagnosis and therapy issues].

In head and neck district, major salivary gland diseases seem to have a considerable epidemiological and clinical impact, especially in obstructive disease. Major salivary glands, in fact, having a ductal system can develop several diseases: sialoadenitis, sialodochitis and sialoceles. Particularly, the obstructive sialoadenitis, with or without sialolithiasis, are the most frequent inflammatory disorder, especially for submandibular gland. In the clinical practice, the diagnostic approach for obstructive sialoadenitis up to now consisted of traditional Rx, ultrasonographic technique, scintigraphy technique, C.T., sialography technique with contrast or sialography M.R. Since '90 years, lithotripsy and, later, sialendoscopy have been introduced as gold standard diagnostic procedures in case of obstructive sialoadenitis and also as therapeutic tool when possible. In this way, it has been possible to offer a valid alternative in place of traditional surgical techniques, with a less invasive and more efficacious approach.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1992

Imaging of the salivary glands.

Salivary gland diseases are very common disorders and require radiologic evaluation. Several radiologic methods are used for assessment of these diseases. Conventional films of the parotid and submandibular glands demonstrate opaque stones in the duct system, whereas sialography depicts nonopaque stones, provides additional information on the position of the stones, and differentiates it from other calcific densities near the duct system, as well as providing information concerning ectasia of the ducts. CT has been used for evaluating mass lesions and extraglandular inflammatory disease, including abscesses. CT also depicts stones that may not be visible on conventional films. MR imaging has become an important modality in the diagnosis and definition of benign and malignant tumors and cysts and it will probably replace CT as the primary imaging modality for the assessment of these lesions. Gadolinium may be used in the examination, especially if a malignant tumor is suspected (because of irregularity and intraglandular extension).

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

HLA-DR antigens in normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic salivary glands.

A monoclonal antibody to HLA-DR antigens that is reactive in formalin-fixed tissues was used with the immunoperoxidase method to evaluate 212 salivary gland lesions (normal, nonspecific, and autoimmune inflammatory, benign, and malignant tumors). Results of immunostaining showed that (1) intercalated ducts, myoepithelial cells, and acinous cells of normal salivary glands express HLA-DR antigens, (2) autoimmune salivary gland disease results in greater HLA-DR expression than that seen in nonspecific inflammatory lesions or normal glands, (3) stromal cells associated with benign and malignant salivary gland tumors express HLA-DR antigens, and (4) numerous benign and malignant salivary gland tumors express HLA-DR antigens. It was of interest that lymphocyte-rich Warthin's tumors displayed epithelial immunoreactivity, whereas oncocytomas devoid of a lymphocytic component were invariably negative. This suggests a lymphocyte-mediated role in salivary epithelial HLA-DR expression. It appears that HLA-DR expression is both a normal and an inducible phenomenon in salivary glands, salivary gland neoplasia, and the desmoplastic host response. There is no discriminatory role in the immunologic detection of HLA-DR for differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2004

Appropriate utilization of semi-quantitative analysis in salivary scintigraphy.

AIM: The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether semi-quantitative indices derived from salivary time-activity curves (TACs) are useful in the diagnosis and management of xerostomia. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy volunteers and 83 consecutive patients with xerostomia, including a subset of 40 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, underwent sequential salivary scintigraphy (SSS). Semi-quantitative analysis of the TACs was performed, deriving six different indices, previously cited in the literature, for each patient. These reflected trapping and uptake, stimulated excretion, or stimulated and unstimulated oral radioactivity. The indices were the percentage uptake, uptake ratios, maximum accumulation, pre-stimulatory oral radioactivity index, post-stimulatory oral radioactivity index and ejection fraction. RESULTS: Reduced parotid activity relative to submandibular activity, expressed as the P : S ratio, was able to distinguish abnormal from normal salivary function, and a parotid ejection fraction of greater than 50% also indicated normal parotid function. The other parameters showed no statistically significant difference between controls and patients. Individual variation in all indices served to widen the reference limits obtained from controls to the extent that they overlapped with those from the xerostomic population. CONCLUSIONS: This finding, together with previous work indicating that uptake parameters are only sensitive to differences exceeding 25% of the gland mass, the possibility that xerostomia may result from qualitative as well as quantitative changes in saliva and the probability that immune factors decrease neurosecretory circuits without affecting acinar mass, suggest that those indices derived from salivary TACs that directly reflect trapping and uptake are not useful in the detection of salivary gland disease.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

[Conventional roentgen diagnosis of the salivary glands. Still of clinical value or "traditional care"-].

This paper reviews the examination technique, normal findings, and pathological findings in conventional radiographic diagnosis of the salivary glands. The clinical importance of plain radiographs and sialography today despite the availability of modern imaging modalities is discussed. Of the ultrasound equipment is adequate and the examiner has enough experience in small-parts ultrasonography, application of conventional X-ray methods should be limited to confirmation of ultrasonographic suspicion of sialolithiasis or tumor-erosion of adjacent bone, especially the mandible (plain films), further imaging of extra- and intraglandular salivary duct abnormalities in chronic inflammatory salivary gland disease, and demonstrating salivary gland involvement in special entities, such as sialadenosis (pseudo)cystica in Sjögren-syndrome by sialography.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Recognizing the oral manifestations of AIDS.

The first sign of HIV infection may be an unusual or rapidly progressive condition of the oral cavity, including malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma. Early diagnosis of these oral conditions can lead to early diagnosis of HIV infection and subsequent treatment with antiretroviral agents that may improve the prognosis. This illustrated review outlines the presenting signs and symptoms of the most common oral manifestations of the AIDS virus, including hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, periodontal disease, salivary gland disease, necrotizing stomatitis, and infection with herpes and human papillomavirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

[Amylase activity, protein concentration and flow rate of unstimulated human parotid saliva (author's transl)].

Unstimulated parotid saliva was collected of 90 persons without diseases of the salivary glands. Amylase activity, flow rate and protein concentration were determined in the 90 saliva samples. Saliva was collected under standardized conditions by means of a catheter introduced into the secretory duct. Amylase activity as well as flow rate and protein concentration are log-normally distributed in both unstimulated and stimulated parotid saliva. The donors' age had an influence on flow rates but not on amylase activity or protein concentration. The values obtained in the described manner of "healthy" persons (with respect to salivary glands) will be used as controls in clinical studies with persons suffering inflammatory and noninflammatory salivary gland diseases.

Adolescent↗