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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Visual presentation of the staging of pediatric solid tumors.

Staging systems are used in staging most pediatric solid tumors outside the central nervous system. Common solid, nonneurologic pediatric tumors include liver tumors, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Traditional staging of pediatric tumors depends on the anatomic distribution of the malignant disease. Almost all staging systems are based on the spread of the local primary tumor, metastasis to regional lymph nodes, and distant blood-borne metastatic spread. There is some variability as to how tumor spread is assessed. Such assessment may be performed before or after surgery. There are many potential problems with tumor staging systems. The systems vary in complexity and clinical usefulness, and there is some variation in the criteria used in the different systems. It is important for radiologists to have a sound working knowledge of staging systems to facilitate accurate staging. Imaging is an important aspect of every staging system.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

[A rare cardiac tumor: the malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Description of a case].

The present report describes the case of a 61-year-old woman with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the left atrium originating from the left atrial free wall, operated on in emergency for a suspected large left atrial myxoma that, at the echo scan, was consistently protruding through the left atrioventricular orifice at each diastole and was almost completely occluding the left ventricular inflow, causing signs of congestive heart failure and severe dyspnea. Surgery was performed as radically as possible, but the histological examination of the specimen revealed the exact diagnosis of the neoplasm. About 75% of primary tumors are benign and 75% of these are atrial myxomas. The malignant tumors consist of various sarcomas: myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The long-term results for sarcomas are very poor and there are few survivors after several months from surgery due to the extent of local spread and invasion or because of the frequent distant metastases. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma constitutes about 2% of all cardiac malignancies, which might grow within several localized areas, occasionally in the heart. Echocardiography represents the best examination procedure for both diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cardiac tumors.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Carcinogenicity of nickel compounds in animals.

A total of 18 nickel compounds were tested for carcinogenicity in male Fischer rats by a single i.m. injection at equivalent dosages (14 mg Ni/rat). Within two years, the following incidences of sarcomas occurred at the injection site: nickel subsulfide (alpha Ni3S2), 100%, crystalline nickel monosulfide (beta NiS), 100%; nickel ferrosulfide (Ni4FeS4), 100%; nickel oxide (NiO), 93%; nickel subselenide (Ni3Se2), 91%; nickel sulfarsenide (NiAsS), 88%; nickel disulfide (NiS2), 86%; nickel subarsenide (Ni5AS2), 85%; nickel dust, 65%; nickel antimonide (NiSb), 59%; nickel telluride (NiTe), 54%; nickel monoselenide (NiSe), 50%; nickel subarsenide (Ni11AS8), 50%; amorphous nickel monosulfide (NiS), 12%; nickel chromate (NiCrO4), 6%; nickel monoarsenide (NiAs), 0%; nickel titanate (NiTiO3), 0%, ferronickel alloy (NiFe1.6), 0%; 84 vehicle controls, 0%. Distant metastases were found in 109 of 180 sarcoma-bearing rats (61%). The nickel-induced sarcomas included rhabdomyosarcomas, 52%, fibrosarcomas, 18%, undifferentiated sarcomas, 13%, osteosarcomas, 8%, and miscellaneous and unclassified sarcomas, 9%. Kendall's rank-correlation test showed that the carcinogenic activities of the compounds were correlated (p = 0.02) with their nickel mass-fractions, but not with dissolution half-times in rat serum or renal cytosol, or with phagocytic indices by rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Rank-correlation (p less than 0.0001) was found between the carcinogenic activities and the potencies of the compounds to induce erythrocytosis in rats. The discovery that the carcinogenic activities of particulate nickel compounds are correlated with a physical property, namely the nickel mass-fraction, may help to elucidate the mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis; the observation that nickel stimulation of erythropoiesis is correlated with carcinogenic activity provides a new in vivo screening test for use in determining the carcinogenic risk of nickel compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric tumors. A preliminary report on initial results.

From September 1984 to July 1987, 33 children received intraoperative radiotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary tumor treatment. Their age ranged from 2 to 17 years. Tumors types: Ewing's sarcoma (n = 11), osteosarcoma (n = 8), soft tissue sarcomas (n = 5), Wilms' tumor (n = 3), neuroblastoma (n = 3), malignant pheochromocytoma (n = 1), Hodgkin's disease (n = 1), and optic nerve glioma (n = 1). In 25 patients the disease was localized while 8 had distant metastases. Intraoperative radiotherapy was used in 26 previously untreated patients as part of a radical treatment program and in 7 cases as an effort to rescue local failures (5 in previously irradiated areas). The intraoperative radiation field included the surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed, and the single doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy, with 6-20 MeV electrons. Patients with osteosarcoma and recurrent tumor in a previously irradiated area did not receive postoperative external beam radiotherapy. With a median follow-up time of 10 months (1 to 31 + months) 24 out of 33 patients are alive without local recurrence and 9 have died from tumor (5 with local disease progression). Intraoperative radiotherapy seems to be a feasible treatment which might promote local control in pediatric tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The cellular biology of bone tumors.

New knowledge in cell and molecular biology has begun to expand the understanding of the biology of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Studies on osteosarcomas have revealed abnormalities in the growth-inhibiting retinoblastoma gene, which may release cells from normal growth control. Abnormalities in growth factor production or response tend to inappropriately activate cell growth. Tumor cell DNA content and cytogenetics may affect the diagnosis and prognostic grouping of osteosarcomas. In Ewing's sarcomas, a characteristic translocation between Chromosomes 11 and 22 has been identified; this translocation is also found in malignant neuroepitheliomas. A variety of studies point to both neuroectodermal and mesenchymal origins for Ewing's sarcomas. Applications of new biologic knowledge and technology to clinical problems will lead to significant changes in the diagnosis, and perhaps in the treatment, of these tumors in the coming years. Collaborations between community and referral center physicians and scientists are critical for continued progress.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

[Computed tomography in malignant primary bone tumors].

The importance of computed tomography is examined in malignant primary bone tumours using a strongly defined examination group of 13 Patients (six Ewing's-sarcomas, five osteosarcomas, one chondrosarcoma and one spindle-shaped cell sarcoma). Computed tomography is judged superior compared to plain radiographs in recognition of bone marrow infiltration and presentation of parosteal tumour parts as well as in analysis of tissue components of tumours, CT is especially suitable for therapy planning and evaluating response to therapy. CT does not provide sufficient diagnostic information to determine dignity and exact diagnosis of bone tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Function and quality-of-life of survivors of pelvic and lower extremity osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

Limb-sparing surgeries have been performed more frequently than amputation based on the belief that limb-sparing surgeries provide improved function and quality-of-life (QOL). However, this has not been extensively studied in the paediatric population, which has unique characteristics that have implications for function and QOL. Using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, 528 adult long-term survivors of pediatric lower extremity bone tumours, diagnosed between 1970 and 1986, were contacted and completed questionnaries assessing function and QOL. Survivors were an average of 21 years from diagnosis with an average age of 35 years. Overall they reported excellent function and QOL. Compared to those who had a limb-sparing procedure, amputees were not more likely to have lower function and QOL scores and self-perception of disability included general health status, lower educational attainment, older age and female gender. Findings from this study suggest that, over time, amputees do as well as those who underwent limb-sparing surgeries between 1970 and 1986. However, female gender, lower educational attainment and older current age appear to influence function, QOL and disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The value of MR imaging in monitoring the effect of chemotherapy on bone sarcomas.

We studied the value of MR imaging in monitoring the response of Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma to chemotherapy. Relative signal-intensity changes on MR images in the course of chemotherapy were compared with changes in tumor volume and histopathologic findings. MR scans (T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images) were obtained in 20 patients with bone sarcoma. The first MR scan was obtained before the administration of chemotherapy in all patients. The follow-up scan was obtained in the course of treatment, before surgery. Tumor-volume and signal-intensity measurements of the intra- and extraosseous components of the tumor were analyzed. In 17 patients, histopathologic findings of the resected tumor were available for comparison with the MR images. In 12 of 17 patients there was complete agreement between changes in tumor volume, changes in the signal intensity of the extraosseous tumor component on T2-weighted images, and histopathology. In another four cases, changes in signal intensity correlated either with histopathology or with changes in tumor volume. In one patient with a pathologic fracture, no such correlation existed. A significant correlation was found between changes in signal intensities and pathologic response (r = .57, p = .02), as well as between changes in tumor volume and pathologic response (r = .53, p = .03). No correlation could be found between changes in signal intensity of the intraosseous tumor component and changes in tumor volume or histopathology. We conclude that the signal intensity of the extraosseous component of bone sarcomas on T2-weighted MR images in addition to changes in tumor volume may be useful in evaluating response to chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Treatment recommendations for osteosarcoma and adult soft tissue sarcomas.

During the past 20 years, dramatic improvements have been obtained in the treatment of localised osteosarcoma of the extremities, both in the rates of disease-free survival and in quality of life. Twenty years ago 80 to 90% of the patients died, in spite of mutilating surgery, but now about 75% survive and avoid the necessity of amputation. This is due to the introduction of very effective combined treatments, mostly also using preoperative chemotherapy. One of the major issues is that of intensive preoperative chemotherapy, which improves both limb salvage and survival. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to obtain good results. When the role of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not accurately defined for soft tissue sarcomas, particular emphasis is given to the staging of the diseases and to the important role of local treatment in the survival of these patients. A combination of radiation therapy and surgery is strongly recommended.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Phase II study of esorubicin in the treatment of patients with advanced sarcoma.

Esorubicin was administered to 12 patients with soft tissue sarcoma, 1 osteosarcoma and 1 desmoid tumor. Seven patients had never received chemotherapy before. Myelotoxicity was the main side effect, leukopenia being more pronounced than thrombocytopenia. No significant nonhematological toxicity occurred. Six patients had no change of median duration of 98 days and 7 patients progressed. The patient suffering from multiple-site lesions of a desmoid tumor obtained a long-lasting partial response. This study does not support further testing of esorubicin in sarcoma patients.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed2001

Pattern of primary musculoskeletal sarcomas referred to Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 1995-1999.

An epidemiological study of 101 consecutive musculoskeletal sarcomas seen at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology between 1995 and 1999 inclusive was carried out. The commonest sarcomas seen were osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's Sarcoma, liposarcoma, leimyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and chondrosarcoma; which collectively accounted for 84.2% of the group. Thirty patients (29.7%) presented with metastases. The commonest site of occurrence was lower extremity with 47.5%, followed by 34.7% in the trunk and peritoneum/axial skeleton, 9.9% in the head and neck region; and 7.90 in the upper extremity. We found no apparent relationship between race and incidence osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, as was reported by previous workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Prognostic factors of bone and soft tissue sarcoma].

The prognosis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma is influenced by factors such as pulmonary metastasis, local curability and sensitivity to chemotherapy. In cases with pulmonary lesion, the prognosis has not been favorable, but recently long-term survivors are increasing in number by effective chemotherapy, and the removal of primary and metastatic lesions. As in cases without metastatic lesions, the prognosis of high-grade sarcoma were influenced by local curability and sensitivity to chemotherapy. On the other hand, the prognosis in low grade sarcoma is mainly decided by local curability. To assure local curability the following should be considered. 1) safety surgical margin, 2) preoperative radiation therapy if the safety margin is not predicted, and 3) risk factors in local curability, which are lymph node metastasis, skip metastasis and tumor thrombus. If these risk factors are detected before operation, a more radical procedure should be planned. Moreover, cutaneous angiosarcoma and epithelioid sarcoma, which are occasionally associated with these risk factors, should be operated by ablative procedure even if the risk factors are not detected. 4) In cases with pathological fracture or inadequately operated, surgical intervention to prevent transplantation should be undertaken as soon as possible. Effective chemotherapy could improve the prognosis of high grade sarcoma. Thus, chemotherapy should be used for osteosarcoma, Ewings sarcoma, round cell sarcoma etc. However, non-effective chemotherapy might make the prognosis worse. Therefore, alternative administration of effective chemotherapeutic agents proved by clinical evaluation would be more reasonable than remaining with a certain protocol.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Metastatic osteosarcoma to the liver after treatment for synovial sarcoma: a case report.

Metastatic osteosarcoma most commonly affects the lungs and other bones. Hepatic metastasis at the time of diagnosis is extremely rare. A 14-year-old boy with synovial sarcoma of the left popliteal fossa was treated with surgical resection, radiotherapy for microscopic residual disease, and 1 year of chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin). Approximately 10 years after the initial diagnosis, a secondary osteosarcoma developed in the left proximal tibia. Computed tomography at presentation showed bilateral pulmonary metastases and large ossified nodules in the liver that demonstrated abnormal avidity on 99mTc MDP bone scan indicating hepatic metastasis. Despite chemotherapy (cisplatin, ifosfamide, high-dose methotrexate, and dacarbazine), the patient died of progressive disease 4 months after the diagnosis of the second cancer. Hepatic metastasis was found at the time of diagnosis of a secondary osteosarcoma and manifested as ossified nodules. The risk of radiation-induced osteosarcoma should always be considered in decisions about treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma.

Adolescent↗