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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1962

Intracellular localization and quantitation of tritiated antigens in reticuloendothelial tissues of mice during secondary and hyperimmune responses.

Autoradiography and quantitative radiochemical techniques have been used to determine intracellular localization of tritium and the quantity of tissue-bound tritium, respectively, following injections of H(3)-aniline azo PGG or H(3)-arsanilazo PGG to yield hyperimmune or secondary response stimulation in mice. Autoradiography revealed intracytoplasmic localization of grains in macrophages of spleen and lung sections, and in Kupffer cells of liver sections following intravenous and subcutaneous injections of H(3)-aniline azo PGG. Quantitation of tissue section surface radioactivities in the windowless flow counter and scintillation counter, and of dissolved tissue section activities in the scintillation counter, showed that greatest radioactivity was present in lung tissue, with less in spleen, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes from these hyperimmunized mice. Autoradiographic studies on tissue sections from mice in secondary response stimulation after subcutaneous foot-pad injections of H(3)-arsanilazo PGG, showed intracellular and extracellular grains over regional popliteal node sections, with intracytoplasmic grain localization over macrophages and pyroninophilic plasmacytes. Scattered macrophages in spleen and lung sections also contained intracytoplasmic radioactivity. Clusters of antibody-synthesizing cells in the regional lymph nodes were demonstrated with fluorescence microscopy, and these cells were compared to similar cells possessing radioactivity as observed in the section autoradiographs. An occasional Russell body plasma cell containing specific antibody was observed in splenic impressions. Windowless flow counting showed that greatest radioactivity was in regional node sections, with less in spleen and lung, and none in contralateral lymph nodes. A quantitative comparison between windowless flow counting and autoradiography revealed that 20 counts were required to yield one silver grain.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous measurements of 22Na and 36Cl in aqueous samples: a comparison of three different methods.

We have critically analyzed three methods that measure the combined presence of 36Cl and 22Na in aqueous samples. These were a sequential method, a dual-label spectral analysis method (Beckman 1983), and a AgNO3 precipitation method (Thompson 1983). The former requires the use of both a gamma counter and a beta liquid scintillation counter, whereas the latter two require access to a beta counter only. Our analysis suggests that investigators who have access to both a liquid scintillation counter and a gamma spectrometer would find the sequential method relatively simple to use and reasonably reliable. Those with access to only a liquid scintillation counter would be best advised to use the AgNO3 method described by Thompson.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1998

Radiostrontium analytical method using crown-ether compound and Cerenkov counting and its applications in environmental monitoring.

The radiostrontium content in environmental samples was determined by chemical analysis by means of the fuming nitric acid method and ion exchange method with low-level beta counting and the newly developed method using crown-ether compound. Counting was performed with a low-background counter and a liquid scintillation counter together; the latter was the Cerenkov counting method. All results obtained by these three methods were in good agreement. The time for chemical separation of radiostrontium, using crown-ether compound, is much faster than fuming nitric acid and ion exchange methods. However, due to the high background of the liquid scintillation counter, the detection limit for Cerenkov counting is about two times higher than that for low-background counting.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed2005

Microdosimetric evaluation of the 400 MeV/nucleon carbon beam at HIMAC.

Microdosimetric single event spectra were determined as a function of depth in an acrylic phantom for the carbon beam at HIMAC using a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) coupled to a scintillation counter system. The fragments produced by the carbon beam were identified by the deltaE-time of flight distribution obtained from two scintillation counters which were positioned at the up- and down-stream of the TEPC. Lineal energy distribution for the carbon beam and its five fragments, namely, proton, helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron ions, were measured in the lineal-energy range of 5-1000 keV/microm at five phantom depths between 0 and 230 mm. The dose distribution for the carbon beam and its fragments were obtained separately. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the carbon beam in the phantom was calculated using a response function. The maximum RBE for the carbon beam was found to be about 5 near the Bragg peak. It was observed to rapidly decrease for Bragg peaks occurring at deeper positions in the phantom. The dose from the beam fragments accounted for about 30% to the total dose, however, its contribution to the RBE was less than 17%.

Carbon↗
PubMed1974

Liquid scintillation vial for cumulative and continuous radiometric measurement of in vitro metabolism.

A two-compartment vial is described in which suspensions of bacteria, cells, or tissues may be cultured and their growth and metabolism measured radiometrically by using a liquid scintillation counter. The device consists of a scintillation vial lined with a cylinder of scintillating paper into which is placed a sterilized inner culture vial containing a carbon-14 substrate. The assembled device can be carried by the sample transport systems of conventional liquid scintillation counters. Evolved (14)CO(2) is collected and measured cumulatively and continuously. The device can be constructed simply and economically from readily available reagents and glassware. Data are given on relative sensitivity and on the effect of the color and transparency of the inner vial. A pilot experiment with bacteria (Escherichia coli) is described.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1992

Xenon washout from the rabbit femur during short hyperbaric exposures.

133Xenon washout from the femora of 5 anesthetized rabbits was recorded during short hyperbaric exposures (3 atm abs). Equipment tests showed that the scintillation counter was heat sensitive. The recorded count rate from a constant source of 133xenon decreased during compression (temperature rose 5 degrees C) and increased during decompression (temperature fell 5 degrees C). When the scintillation counter was thermally insulated, the rate of xenon washout from the femur remained unchanged in all rabbits during these hyperbaric exposures. The conclusion is that the rate of xenon washout from the femur is not affected by changes in ambient pressure. As most scintillation counters are heat sensitive, it is possible that the previous report of such changes was erroneous and caused by heat sensitivity of the recording equipment.

Animals↗