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Results for “SCLEROSIS, MULTIPLE”

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PubMed2003

Immunological questions on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Approved immunotherapies are only moderately effective in reducing disease exacerbations and brain inflammation in a subset of patients. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has emerged in recent years as the first opportunity to offer to patients a radical, potentially curative treatment. Here, we will summarize key immunopathological aspects of MS and discuss important questions that need to be addressed to clarify the therapeutic role and mechanism of action of HSCT in this disorder.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Diverse targets for intervention during inflammatory and neurodegenerative phases of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease that causes relapsing and chronic neurologic impairment. Recent observations have altered certain traditional concepts regarding MS pathogenesis. A greater diversity of cell types and molecules involved in MS is now evident. While remyelination can occur during the early inflammatory phase when damage may be reversible, it is impaired in the later stages, which involve axonal death. These observations have important therapeutic implications.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that usually first affects people in their 20s or 30s. MS is one of the most common causes of nontraumatic disability among young and middle-aged individuals. Because symptoms of MS are extremely variable and often quite subtle, the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and management. Early diagnosis and treatment can slow the progression and limit the impact of this potentially devastating disease.

Contrast Media↗

PubMed1983

[Effect of anesthesia and surgery on the postoperative course in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is the most frequently occurring neurologic disease in our area. The common opinion is that a stress situation such as a surgical procedure or general anaesthesia may lead to an amelioration of this disease. No really convincing evidence exists to support this opinion. The observation of the postoperative course of two patients, who underwent a total of three surgical procedures under general anaesthesia suggests a short-lived temporary deterioration of their symptoms. An amelioration of the disease however was not observed.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[The role of the peripheral nervous system damage in clinical picture of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) was believed to be an autoimmune disease of central nervous system (CNS). Recently, several studies showing early involvement of peripheral nervous system (PNS) in MS pathological process have been published. This review own analyzer and published clinical and paraclinical data on PNS pathology in MS patients and CNS damage in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Different mechanisms of the damage of PNS may explain different clinical manifestation of PNS involvement in MS.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1996

[Imaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance, in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can only be diagnosed with a certain probability. There are neither any specific moments in the medical history of the patient, nor clinical or paraclinical tests as well as their combinations that would prove the diagnosis. In the daily routine the most common criteria we use are of Schumacher, Poser and Bartel. Until the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had been introduced into the clinical practice, imaging methods were used to exclude other treatable lesions (e.g. tumors, arteriovenous malformations etc.), even though computerized tomography (CT) successfully demonstrated some of the plaques. In the MS CT is both insufficiently sensitive as well as specific. On the contrary MRI is in the MS highly sensitive, 92-98% specificity has been achieved among clinical definite cases. MR is nowadays a method of choice for not only the diagnosis but also for the further follow up of our MS patients. Multiple focal hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted images (T2WI) or the flow attenuated inversion recovery imaging mode (FLAIR) are the typical pathological findings.

Brain↗

PubMed2004

Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a complex genetic disease associated with inflammation in the CNS white matter thought to be mediated by autoreactive T cells. Clonal expansion of B cells, their antibody products, and T cells, hallmarks of inflammation in the CNS, are found in MS. This review discusses new methods to define the molecular pathology of human disease with high-throughput examination of germline DNA haplotypes, RNA expression, and protein structures that will allow the generation of a new series of hypotheses that can be tested to develop better understanding of and therapies for this disease.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

What is your diagnosis? Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that commonly presents with ocular manifestations. These ocular manifestations include vision loss and optomotor deficit. Treatment modalities should include treatment of the systemic disease as well as the ocular disease. New treatment protocol suggests that the best way to treat optic neuritis is with IV methylprednisolone, unless there is some serious contraindication for the patient. The use of interferon and cyclosporin as well as other anti-inflammatory agents may be useful in the future.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Love, self-esteem, and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive chronic disease which generally appears in early adulthood. The debilitating symptoms of MS can have adverse effects on the sufferer's self-esteem, a vital coping resource for sufferers of chronic diseases. This study explores the effects of positive affect and social isolation--conceived broadly together as love--on self-esteem. We found that love was the most powerful predictor of self-esteem, followed by attitude stage, number of years since diagnosis, social class, and physical restriction.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1999

Inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis with thalidomide for prevention of acute exacerbations and altering the natural history of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder which has a relapsing/remitting course and is presently incurable. A variety of agents have been tried to prevent excerbations and alter the natural history of the disease. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated as the most important cytokine in the pathogenesis of MS. There is evidence that thalidomide is an agent which blocks production of TNF-alpha by a mechanism different from other agents. Hence it is hypothesized that using thalidomide as therapy would prevent acute exacerbations of MS as well as alter its natural history.

Disease Progression↗

PubMed1984

Immune responses to myelin antigens in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is considered to be a putative immunopathologic disease and there has been considerable effort over the years to prove an autoimmune etiology for it. To date, the evidence is all indirect and there is no proof of either antibody and/or cell-mediated hypersensitivity to any single identifiable CNS constituent whether a constituent of normal CNS or specific to the CNS of MS patients.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Pseudo-multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is among the most crippling diseases of the nervous system in young adults, and diagnosis can be difficult. It is true that MS can exist without magnetic resonance imaging or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, but whenever there are an atypical clinical pattern and no confirmatory laboratory tests, then "pseudo-MS" might be considered. Six cases of presumed pseudo-MS are reported. Psychologic treatment of these cases was unsatisfactory. Treatment in all such cases will be difficult, but more so when MS cannot be disproved and when the patient resists a psychogenic explanation for the symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Psychosomatic aspects of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most frequent neurological diseases. Till today too little attention has been laid upon its psychosomatic aspects. In the psychosomatic-somatopsychic-global sense of a therapy a differentiated enlightenment performed step by step, is recommended in the first part of this article. This includes a differentiation of the melting-pot-like unspecific diagnoses into subdiagnoses with different prognoses. This is important for the coping-mechanisms to be performed by the patient, in which necessarily he must be supported by his doctor. The second part shows a psychodynamic factor to the onset of this disease which is caused by several different factors. This psychodynamic factor is characterized by the shift of an intraindividual struggle of power into the soma and it performs a dispute between two parts of the self, Introjects asking for performance on one side, the unfulfilled wish of love and bestowal on the other side. This wish is fulfilled directly by the symptoms of multiple scleroses--at a high price. As a conclusion of this article a giving up of the artificial distinction between psychosomatic and somatic diseases is suggested by taking MS as an example.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing the specialized needs of younger adults with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic, variable, and often disabling disease of the central nervous system, presents a myriad of challenges to people battling the disease and to their family. The diagnosis of MS usually comes when men and women are in their 20s, 30s, and 40s-a time of life when they are completing their education, embarking on their careers, and establishing families. No one can predict at the time of diagnosis the severity, the course, or the progression that the disease will take.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1996

Therapeutic advances: beta-interferon for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a very distressing condition for which there is no effective treatment. Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials of beta-interferon in mildly disabled patients with relapsing remitting MS have been published. Although promising, beta-interferon is not a cure for MS and the clinical significance of the small effect of beta-interferon on disease progression is not known. The high cost of beta-interferon, the distressing nature of MS and the small benefit demonstrated in clinical trials mean that purchasers and clinicians will face hard decisions in managing the introduction of these drugs.

Humans↗

PubMed1995

Bone marrow transplantation for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating neurologic disease. Animal studies from three separate institutions suggest that BMT may be beneficial. Of paramount concern is the risk to benefit ratio. However, for patients with progressive disease at onset, survival is similar to patients with indolent lymphomas; while for patients with malignant MS, survival is roughly equivalent to chronic phase CML. In addition, for these patients, life may become intolerable due to progressive pain and disability. The fate of such individuals may justify, in carefully selected patients and in a controlled investigational protocol, the risk of early mortality from BMT.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Immunity and neurodegeneration: new concepts in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that leads to a progressive deterioration of the neurological functions. The concept of primary myelin and oligodendrocyte damage with axon sparing (axon-myelin dissociation) has been recently reconsidered with the demonstration that neuro-axonal lesions are an early phenomenon, linked to the inflammatory process, observed outside demyelinated areas, and correlated with the progression of the disease. Neurodegeneration in MS, long considered as a late process following recurrent episodes of demyelination, is now accepted as an early and major trigger of MS pathogenesis on which research should focus in the

Humans↗

PubMed1995

Is there a case for a virus aetiology in multiple sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a devastating demyelinating disease with a very high prevalence in North-East Scotland and in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. MS appears to be a multifactorial disorder with environmental and genetic elements and it has been proposed that these, in tandem, provoke an autoimmune response giving rise to the disease. Although there is no direct evidence of a specific virus being involved in MS, there are nevertheless grounds for suspecting a viral association. This review discusses these aspects of MS and suggests that a more aggressive approach to unravelling the role of viruses is needed.

Autoimmunity↗