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PubMed2006

No potential role of genetic polymorphisms for IL-4, IL-13 and IL-4 receptor in respiratory allergy: a study in adults working at social welfare facilities in Korea.

Indoor air in public facilities contains various pollutants jeopardizing the health of employees or occupants in the facilities. We evaluated the respiratory allergy-related immune status of employees, and investigated a role of genetic predisposition on respiratory allergy occurrence in the employees. Among 23 workers from 5 facilities, 48% were positive for aeroallergens. House dust mite was the major allergen demonstrating positive skin reactions. The level of plasma IgE, an immunologic marker for allergic hypersensitivity induction, was upregulated in the allergy positive employees. The percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood was also higher in the allergy positive employees than in the employees with negative skin test results. We also evaluated genetic polymorphisms on interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor alpha chain (Gln576Arg and Ile50Val), IL-4 (C589T) and interleukin-13 (Arg130Gln), which has been implicated in asthma induction in children. However, no higher frequencies of these genetic variations were found in the adults with positive skin test results for aeroallergens. This study implies that workers in social welfare facilities may have a substantial risk of suffering from respiratory allergy associated with exposure to aeroallergens, but genetic variations in the IL-4 receptor alpha chain, IL-4 and IL-13 may not be critical in adult workers for the development of respiratory allergic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The impact of social welfare policies on the deinstitutionalisation of the mentally ill in Germany].

OBJECTIVE: In Germany the competent institution for supported housing for mentally ill and handicapped persons is traditionally the regional welfare authority, while welfare authorities on state (Lander) level hold the competencies for accommodation in hostels and homes: Assessment of the impact of policies that try to overcome this separation of competencies. METHOD: 1. Analysis of the practise of distributing the competencies for accommodation for mental ill and handicapped persons in the 16 German Lander. 2. Assessment of the supply with accommodation for mental ill and handicapped persons in the Lander. 3. Investigation of a possible relationship between distribution of competencies for accommodation and number of accommodation in supported housing and hostels/homes. RESULTS: Data about available accommodation in supported housing and hostels are inconsistently limited and available. As far as this data can be interpreted, Lander that have the administrative and particularly financial competency for accommodation uniquely organised, generally offer more supported housing. At the same time they provide relatively less accommodation in hostels and homes. Despite having the competencies for accommodation uniquely organised, some Lander continue to provide accommodation for mentally ill persons predominantly in hostels and homes. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive and between the Lander comparable system of documentation of accommodation for mentally ill and handicapped persons is highly needed. Unique organisation of competencies for accommodation of mental ill and handicapped persons is a necessary - however not commensurate precondition for the increase of the supply in supported housing. Beyond that, other factors seem to be influential, such as political will, attitudes towards the mentally ill, interests of hostel providers, pre-existing hostel infrastructure. In respect of these factors more research is needed.

Deinstitutionalization↗
PubMed2004

Partnership in mental health and child welfare: social work responses to children living with parental mental illness.

Mental illness is an issue for a number of families reported to child protection agencies. Parents with mental health problems are more vulnerable, as are their children, to having parenting and child welfare concerns. A recent study undertaken in the Melbourne Children's Court (Victoria, Australia) found that the children of parents with mental health problems comprised just under thirty percent of all new child protection applications brought to the Court and referred to alternative dispute resolution, during the first half of 1998. This paper reports on the study findings, which are drawn from a descriptive survey of 228 Pre-Hearing Conferences. A data collection schedule was completed for each case, gathering information about the child welfare concerns, the parents' problems, including mental health problems, and the contribution by mental health professionals to resolving child welfare concerns. The study found that the lack of involvement by mental health social workers in the child protection system meant the Children's Court was given little appreciation of either a child's emotional or a parent's mental health functioning. The lack of effective cooperation between the adult mental health and child protection services also meant decisions made about these children were made without full information about the needs and the likely outcomes for these children and their parents. This lack of interagency cooperation between mental health social work and child welfare also emerged in the findings of the Icarus project, a cross-national project, led by Brunel University, in England. This project compared the views and responses of mental health and child welfare social workers to the dependent children of mentally ill parents, when there were child protection concerns. It is proposed that adult mental health social workers involve themselves in the assessment of, and interventions in, child welfare cases when appropriate, and share essential information about their adult, parent clients. Children at risk of abuse and neglect are the responsibility of all members of the community, and relevant professional groups must accept this responsibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Executive Order No. 123 reorganizing the Ministry of Social Services and Development, now referred to as Ministry of Social Welfare and Development, 30 January 1987.

This Order reorganizes the Ministry of Social Services and Development. Among the bureaus of the Ministry are the following: "b) Bureau of Family and Community Welfare--assistance to socially disadvantaged families and communities including family planning, planning outreach programs to develop their capability in defining needs and formulating solutions as well as setting up viable community structures which bring about desired social changes..."d) Bureau of Women's Welfare--promoting women's welfare, with specific attention to the prevention or eradication of exploitations of women in any form, such as but not limited to prostitution and illegal recruitment; as well as the promotion of skills for employment and self naturalization; e) Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare--care and protection of abandoned, neglected, abused or exploited children and youth, delinquents, offenders, the disturbed, street children, victims of prostitution and others, for their social adjustment and economic self-sufficiency." The Order authorizes the Ministry to establish regional offices providing, among other things, day care centres, street children centres, centres for youth with special needs, homes for the aged, and homes for unwed mothers. Attached to the Ministry is a Population Commission, which "shall continue as the population planning and coordinating agency."

Adolescent↗