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PubMed2002

Population-based surveillance and a case-control study of risk factors for endemic lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in Peru.

Population-based surveillance and a case-control study were conducted in Abancay, Peru, to estimate the burden of disease and to determine risk factors for sporadic lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis (LS). Laboratory records from local hospitals were reviewed for the years of 1997 and 1998, and prospective surveillance was conducted for the period of September 1998 through September 1999. A case-control study was conducted with 2 matched control subjects per case patient. The mean annual incidence was 98 cases per 100,000 persons. Children had an incidence 3 times higher than that for adults and were more likely to have LS lesions on the face and neck. Identified risk factors included owning a cat, playing in crop fields, having a dirt floor in the house, working mainly outdoors, and having a ceiling made of raw wood or conditions associated with a lower socioeconomic status. Decreased environmental exposure, such wearing protective clothing during construction activities for adults or limiting contact with cats and soil for children, and improvements in living spaces may decrease the incidence of LS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Sporotrichosis as a presenting manifestation of hairy cell leukemia.

An infectious episode is the presenting manifestation of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in approximately 30% of cases. Most often this is bacterial and only rare cases of opportunistic fungal infection are described. We report a patient who presented with sporotrichal involvement of multiple cutaneous sites and lymph nodes. The lesions resolved following antifungal therapy, but persisting pancytopenia and splenomegaly necessitated further hematological evaluation. A diagnosis of HCL was suspected based on morphologically characteristic hairy cells in the peripheral blood that contained tartrate resistant acid phosphatase. A bone marrow biopsy specimen had a normocellular marrow with an increase in interstitial lymphoid cells that stained with L26, MB2, and LN2 antibodies. On flow cytometry these cells were positive for the leukocyte common antigen, B cell markers, and the CD11c antigen confirming the diagnosis of HCL. We believe that this is the first report of sporotrichosis infection as a presenting manifestation of HCL.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

Sporothrix schenckii var luriei as the cause of sporotrichosis in Italy.

The second known case of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii var. luriei in a patient living in Piacenza, Italy is described. In the absence of cultures, the diagnosis was based on histologic studies. Stained tissue sections (Hematoxylin and eosin, & Gomori methenamine silver) revealed hyaline, large, thick walled tissue form cells that had divided by septation or a budding process. These forms, along with the striking "eyeglass" configuration of incompletely separated cells that were also present, are the diagnostic features of this apparently rare variety. The use of a fluorescent antibody reagent, specific for S. schenckii, confirmed the identity of the etiologic agent.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Spontaneous feline sporotrichosis: a fine structural study.

Fine structural details of the parasitic yeastlike phase of Sporothrix schenckii contained in biopsy tissue from a naturally-occurring case of disseminated feline sporotrichosis are described and illustrated by electron microscopy. Both free and phagocytosed fungal cells were observed. The fungal cells were contained within an extracellular, electron transparent vacuolar area which was bounded by a limiting membrane of probable host origin. The yeastlike cells were characterized by a conspicuous layer of osmiophilic microfilaments which occurred along the outermost surface of the cell wall. In many yeastlike cells, scattered, membrane-bound vacuoles containing electron opaque material were observed in the cytoplasm. Asteroid bodies were not observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Sporotrichosis in the Orinoco river basin of Venezuela and Colombia.

Six cases of sporotrichosis from the Orinoco river basin of Venezuela and Colombia are described; two are of the localized cutaneous type and four are lymphocutaneous. Diagnosis was based on the patient's clinical history and mycological culture. Epidemiology and distinctive cultural habits of the patients are discussed in connection with disease etiology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Cutaneous tuberculosis mimicking sporotrichosis.

The authors describe an unusual presentation of lupus vulgaris in a 5-year-old boy. The lesions had a linear arrangement with proximal spread mimicking sporotrichosis. Histopathology of the lesions revealed tuberculoid granulomas. Tubercular etiology was confirmed by the demonstration of acid fast bacilli in the smears from the regional lymph node aspirate stained with Ziehl Neelsen stain, and growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the aspirate culture. The patient showed marked improvement of his lesions on anti-tubercular treatment.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2002

[Sporotrichosis as the cause of a leg ulcer].

A young man presented at Lugala Lutheran Hospital (Tanzania) with an ulcer on his lower leg which had developed over the past 9 weeks. Subcutaneous nodules and plaques were found all the way up to his groin; this observation prompted a strong suspicion that the patient had the lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis which had not been seen at this hospital before. The diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically. The patient was then treated with saturated solution of potassium iodide.

Abscess↗

PubMed1978

Sporotrichosis in Sudan.

Two cases of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis are reported from Sudan in a boy aged four and a half years and a girl aged 16 years respectively. Diagnosis was based mainly on the clinical findings and the dramatic response to treatment with oral potassium iodine, as well as the histological finding of yeasts compatible with the yeast phase Sporothrix schenkii.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Sporotrichosis presenting as arthritis and subcutaneous nodules.

Arthritis is a rare manifestation of systemic sporotrichosis. A patient who had sporotrichal arthritis of both wrists and elbows is described. Predisposing factors included alcoholism, rose gardening, and antecedent trauma. The onset of the arthritis was insidious, and the diagnosis was made 2 1/2 years after his first symptoms were noted. Treatment with surgical debridement and a 23-week course of ketoconazole was unsuccessful. A review of the literature suggests that some combination of intravenous or intraarticular amphotericin B and potassium iodide, ketoconazole, or surgery is necessary for effective treatment.

Arthritis, Infectious↗

PubMed1984

Disseminated sporotrichosis with Sporothrix schenckii fungemia.

The laboratory diagnosis and therapeutic management of disseminated sporotrichosis can present many problems to the clinical laboratory and the clinician. Culturing of clinical specimens is necessary because the direct microscopic examination of specimens for Sporothrix schenckii often is not useful. Although this organism has been recovered from many specimen sites, recovery from blood has been rare. This report summarizes data concerning recovery of S. schenckii from clinical specimens and the use of serologic and fungal antimicrobial susceptibility data. It appears to be the first antemortem recovery of S. schenckii from blood reported since 1909.

Amphotericin B↗

PubMed2006

Endemic mycoses: blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.

The endemic mycoses are diverse group of fungi that share several characteristics. They are able to cause disease in healthy hosts, they each occupy a specific ecologic niche in the environment, and they exhibit temperature dimorphism, existing as molds in the environment at temperature of 25 degrees C to 30 degrees C, and as yeasts, or spherules in the case of coccidioidomycosis, at body temperatures. This article discusses histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. Sporotrichosis, which differs in that it is usually a localized lymphocutaneous infection, is included because it shares the characteristics of endemic mycoses.

Antifungal Agents↗

PubMed1983

Disseminate sporotrichosis of skin and bone cured with 5-fluorocytosine: Photosensitivity as a complication.

Disseminate cutaneous and osseous sporotrichosis is reported in a patient who failed to respond to 6 months of iodide therapy. Although the patient showed improvement on a 2-month course of amphotericin B, he experienced a fulminant relapse 12 days after the amphotericin B was stopped. Cure was achieved after 6 months of 5-fluorocytosine (8 gm/day) in conjunction with amphotericin B (total, 4.8 gm). The fluorocytosine was continued for an entire year. Two years after all treatment was discontinued the patient remained in good health. The only complication was a marked photosensitivity associated with the 5-fluorocytosine therapy. This is the second case of such photosensitivity in the literature.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Cutaneous New World leishmaniasis-sporotrichosis coinfection: report of 3 cases.

Three cases of coinfection with Leishmania and Sporothrix spp in the same lesion are described. The patients had ulcers with erythematous borders and regional lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was accomplished by direct visualization of the amastigotes or culture of the promastigotes, or both. The diagnosis of sporotrichosis was proved in two cases by culture of Sporothrix schenckii and by the histopathologic features in one case. All patients had a positive sporotrichin test. Two patients responded successfully to oral potassium iodide. One patient received oral itraconazole 100 mg/day because of intolerance to iodides and was cured. To our knowledge coinfection with Leishmania and Sporothrix spp has not been reported. The use of empirical treatments for leishmaniasis such as poultices or puncturing of the lesion with thorns or woods splinters might introduce Sporothrix and explain the coinfection.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Sporotrichosis of the hand: an urban experience.

Sporotrichosis is uncommon in Canadian urban centers. Lymphocutaneous and fixed cutaneous are the most common cutaneous forms of the disease, typically seen in the upper extremity in adult patients. History usually reveals a puncture injury contaminated with soil. Lesions are refractory to commonly used antibiotics. Cultures of biopsy specimens reliably grow the fungus Sporothrix schenkii. First line treatment is oral potassium iodide. We have reviewed a series of 7 cases from various Toronto teaching hospitals and compared them to the world literature.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Extracutaneous sporotrichosis.

Although an uncommon cause of arthritis, sporotrichosis may mimic other forms of joint disease and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a chronic monoarticular arthritis or if granulomatous synovitis is recognized by histologic examination. Characteristic skin findings may be absent, repeated cultures may be necessary, severe osseous destructive changes can occur, and surgical extirpation of the diseased tissue combined with amphotericin B chemotherapy is recommended.

Arthritis, Infectious↗

PubMed1996

Sporotrichosis.

Sporothrix schenckii is a fungus that can be found worldwide in decaying vegetative matter. It is the causative agent of sporotrichosis, a chronic infection of humans and animals. The infection is characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues with lymphatic involvement. Systemic spread may occur with bone, muscle, central nervous system, and pulmonary involvement. Diagnosis may be made based on clinical presentation and on laboratory identification of the etiologic agent.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is a cutaneous fungal infection with a global distribution. The disease has several clinical forms, primarily cutaneous with associated lymphadenopathy. However, dissemination to osteoarticular structures and viscera may occur, both in healthy and immunosuppressed individuals; such disseminated forms usually follow spread after inhalation of fungal spores. Cutaneous infection is usually associated with trauma during the course of outdoor work, and treatment is required for the majority of patients. Potassium iodide (the treatment of choice in endemic areas) is an effective and inexpensive therapy; however, its adverse effects and complicated dosage regimen often weigh against its use in developed countries, where itraconazole is the antimycotic of choice.

Antifungal Agents↗

PubMed2000

Case report. An unusual case of cutaneous sporotrichosis and its response to weekly fluconazole.

Cutaneous sporotrichosis is clinically divided into two main types: lymphocutaneous and fixed plaque type. Our report represents an unusual case with both types simultaneously. Fluconazole 150 mg once weekly was used as the treatment. The fixed type lesions responded very well and were healed after 4 months, but the lymphocutaneous lesions were not controlled even after 6 months of the treatment.

Aged↗