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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a new system for the fixation, concentration, and staining of intestinal parasites in fecal specimens, with critical observations on the trichrome stain.

Proto-fix (Alpha-Tec Systems, Inc., Vancouver, WA) is a new single vial, environmentally safe, parasitology (pathogenic and nonpathogenic protozoans and helminths) fixative and transport solution. It is used in conjunction with a new concentration/sedimentation reagent, CONSED, (Alpha-Tec Systems, Inc. Vancouver, WA) as a replacement to the formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) concentration procedure using Lugol's iodine. The newly adopted procedure was tested against the FEA concentration samples using split proficiency testing samples supplied by the American Association of Bioanalysts (AAB). Routinely, patient samples collected, fixed, and transported in Proto-Fix were processed and tested at Diagnostic Labs, Inc. (DLI), Phoenix, AZ. Detected parasites were documented using a video camera-printer system attached to the optical equipment. The quality of the fixative and stain were found to be superior to that of the FEA-Lugol's method and the yield of detected parasites was considerably higher. Eighty-five percent of 39 unknown parasite species tested were correctly detected using the Proto-fix-CONSED system compared to 46% using the FEA-Lugol's method. Of all the other methods and stains used at DLI, the trichrome stain (a popular modification of Gomori's trichrome stain for tissue sections) was found to be least reliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Application of antikinetochore antibody staining (CREST staining) to micronuclei in erythrocytes induced in vivo.

Micronuclei (MN) can be formed by acentric chromosome fragments or whole lagging chromosomes. In order to discriminate MN produced by chromosome breakage from those arising from spindle malfunction a staining method using immunofluorescent kinetochore antibodies has been applied successfully in vitro. In the present study MN in polychromatic erythrocytes of mouse bone marrow cells induced in vivo by the spindle poison colchicine (COL) and the clastogen mitomycin C (MMC) were analysed after CREST staining. The staining method was modified by using pretreatment with detergents in order to allow a good penetration of the antibodies into the MN. About 66% of the MN induced by COL in contrast to only 4.5% of the MMC induced MN were CREST-positive. The preliminary results show that the CREST staining is also in MN induced in vivo capable of detecting the origin of MN and to discriminate between the spindle damaging or clastogenic activity of environmental agents. The method described will give supplementary information about MN, it cannot substitute for the common micronucleus test.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1983

Irritation and staining by dithranol (anthralin) and related compounds. III. Cumulative irritancy and staining during repeated chamber testing.

Irritation and staining, the side effects of dithranol and related compounds have previously been studied after a single chamber-exposure. To mimic the therapeutic situation, the chamber application was repeated for 3 weeks on the uninvolved back skin of 17 psoriasis patients. In equimolar concentrations corresponding to 0.05% dithranol, dithranol caused markedly more erythema and staining than 10-propionyl dithranol and 10-butyryl dithranol, whereas 10-butyryl dithranol irritated and stained less than 10-propionyl dithranol. To reach the irritation and staining level of dithranol, a 4-fold higher concentration of 10-butyryl dithranol was required. During the first week the irritation culminated, declining later despite repeated applications, possibly because of exhaustion of anthrone-induced inflammatory mediators.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed1993

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) typing from semen stains: low enzyme activity in vaginal fluids does not interfere with seminal DNase I typing from mixture stains.

We describe the use of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) polymorphism for individualization of semen in body fluid stain mixtures, as a means of providing new and more useful information to practicing forensic biologists as a genetic marker. We have already reported that human DNase I isozyme patterns from different subjects are classifiable into ten groups. Isoelectric focusing of DNase I isozymes on polyacrylamide gel (IEF-PAGE, pH 3.5 to 5) was accomplished using a 0.5 mm thick gel. Pretreatment of semen samples with neuraminidase enhanced the isozyme band resolution and sensitivity. Activity detection using the dried agarose film overlay (DAFO) procedure was reliable, sensitive and simple, with high resolution, and the phenotypes of DNase I were determined in semen stains of about 0.3 microL stored at room temperature for up to a year in most of the samples tested. The DNase I types in semen stains were correlated with the types found in the corresponding blood and urine samples, although most of the vaginal fluid samples had no typable DNase I activity. This is considerably advantageous for seminal individualization from body fluid mixture stains in criminal cases. An evaluation of DNase I typing by IEF-PAGE and DAFO was also performed on casework samples submitted to our laboratory, and the results showed that DNase I was expected to be one of the most useful individualization marker of semen in practical application.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1979

Sister chromatid differential staining by direct staining in Na2HPO4-Giemsa solution and the mechanism involved.

The direct staining of BrdU-substituted Chinese hamster chromosomes in a Na2HPO4-Giemsa solution without any pretreatments resulted in a B-dark type SCD istituted (TB) chromatids stained light. Detailed examinations of the staining process suggested that the Na2HPO4 solution acts to collapse chromosomes whereas the Giemsa dye works to reconstruct the collapsed chromosomes, and that during the reconstruction process preferential binding of the Giemsa dye to the BB-chromatids occurs to produce the B-dark SCD. It was revealed that not only the time but the temperature at which chromosome preparations are kept prior to use considerably affect the occurrence of SCD.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ag-NOR staining in human chromosomes: differential staining in normal and leukemic bone-marrow samples.

A silver staining technique developed by Goodpasture and Bloom (1975) stains a specific protein associated with the activity of ribosomal cistrons during the preceding interphase. By counting the number of chromosomes with darkly stained nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), the number of active NORs per metaphase can be determined. A comparison of NOR activity in bone-marrow cells from leukemic patients in different stages of disease with that of bone marrow from normal, healthy individuals was conducted and differential NOR activity was detected. The control group showed significantly lower NOR activity when compared with a group of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). These preliminary data indicate that this simple cytochemical technique can be effectively used to differentiate between normal and ALL bone-marrow samples.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1988

Staining kinetics in single cells. Part I. Influence of convective diffusion on the staining rate.

The staining kinetics of single cells have been investigated using a perfusion cuvette in combination with a computer controlled microscope spectrometer. The physicochemical hydrodynamics of staining are characterized. Using a steady-state laminar flow parallel to the cell surface a hydrodynamic and a diffusional boundary layer are observed which are determined by the flow rate. The thickness of the diffusional boundary layer revealed by experimental data is in agreement with theoretically calculated values. At certain well-defined hydrodynamic conditions convective diffusion has no further effect on the staining rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The staining properties of pyridylazophenol analogs in histochemical staining of a metal.

The compound 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP) was found capable of staining very small amounts of metals in tissue. This finding stemmed from the examination of the staining properties of pyridylazophenol analogs; 2-(2-pyridylazo)-phenol, 2-(2-pyridylazo)-5-dimethylaminophenol, 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol, and Br-PADAP. The unusually high sensitivity of Br-PADAP is attributed to the presence of an alkylamino group at the 5-position of the benzene ring. The presence of this alkylamino group forms a charged quinoid structure, and contributes resonance and optimum solubility to the hybrid by introducing a bromine atom into the pyridine ring. We report the staining results obtained from a variety of metals and the molar absorptivity of their metal chelates.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Understanding Romanowsky staining. 2. The staining mechanism of suspension-fixed cells, including influences of specimen morphology on the Romanowsky-Giemsa effect.

Romanowsky staining of suspension-fixed lymphocytes and fibroblasts, deposited as monolayers on slides, involves an initial basic dyeing process followed by formation of a hydrophobic Azur B/Eosin Y complex at the more permeable and so faster staining cellular sites. This mechanism is shared with blood and marrow smears. However certain morphological features peculiar to suspension-fixed, cell culture-derived preparations also influence the staining pattern via rate control: namely the irregular and bulky profiles of fibroblasts, compared to the smoother and thinner lymphocytes; and the occasional superficial occlusion of cells by culture medium.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1982

A sensitive cytochemical staining method for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in individual erythrocytes. I. Optimalization of the staining procedure.

A sensitive cytochemical staining method for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in individual human erythrocytes is described. This staining method can be used for the rapid routine discrimination of patients with a deficiency of the enzyme in its homozygote or heterozygote form, but also for quantitative localization of its activity in individual erythrocytes. The staining procedure in its optimal form consists of a treatment of the erythrocytes with sodium nitrite, then a "fixation" in 0.025% glutaraldehyde (under NADP+ protection of the active site of the enzyme), followed by incubation of the cells in suspension in the presence of tetranitro BT, 1-methoxyphenazine methosulphate and polyvinyl alcohol. Using this new technique, a sharp localization is obtained of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which enables discrimination between red cells with different levels of enzyme activity, as a consequence of enzyme deficiencies or age changes.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1985

A new in vivo staining method, cresyl violet staining, for fiberoptic magnified observation of carcinoma of the gastric mucosa.

A polypoid gastric mucosal lesion with a flat portion was observed by a fiberoptic magnifying endoscope with a new in vivo staining method, cresyl violet staining. The fine surface structure of this lesion showed a characteristic "ruined sulciform pattern" suggesting papillary carcinoma histologically. Successful application of the findings of dissecting microscopy to clinical magnifying endoscopy by means of this new staining material indicates the possibility of diagnosing gastric mucosal carcinomas with much more accuracy.

Benzoxazines↗
PubMed1987

Quantification of proteins in the low nanogram range by staining with the colloidal gold stain AuroDye.

A simple assay for proteins in the low nanogram range is described. Proteins are bound to nitrocellulose paper in a band, stained with the commercially available colloidal gold stain AuroDye (a registered trademark of Jansen Life Sciences Products), and quantified by scanning densitometry: 1.25 to 20 ng of protein can be consistently measured. Variation in the staining intensity of different proteins is discussed. DNA, RNA, polyvinylpyrrolidone, Ficoll, and 6 M urea do not affect the assays, and samples from cellular material in a simple lysis buffer containing 0.1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate can be assayed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood typing of blood stains on sweat stains by the isoagglutinins detection method.

When a blood typing is made for mixed stains of sweat and blood, erroneous results may be obtained. The reason is that the blood group substance in the sweat is detected at the same time as that in the blood. In this paper the typing of the blood stain on the sweat stain is carried out by the detection of isoagglutinins which may give additional information to the forensic serologist.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1993

Lectin staining of the endothelial cell membrane is more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation than the epidermal cell staining in guinea-pig skin.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced alterations in lectin stainings of both endothelial and epidermal cells were histochemically analysed in guinea-pig skin using Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin-I and Ricinus communis agglutinin-I. The endothelial cell staining with both lectins was more sensitive to a single exposure to middle-wave UVR (UVB) and topical psoralen plus long-wave UVR (UVA) (PUVA) than the epidermal cell staining. More remarkable changes were seen following PUVA radiation than UVB radiation. No significant alterations were induced by UVA radiation alone or psoralen alone. The results suggest that the endothelial cell is a susceptible target for UVB and PUVA radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Supravital staining of spermatozoa: relationship of eosin concentration to the percentage of cells staining live.

Supravital staining of human spermatozoa is a useful technique to assess semen quality. We compared 3 concentrations of eosin (1, 2.5 and 5 per cent) for their effectiveness to differentiate viable and non-viable spermatozoa. The percentage of viable cells determined by each concentration was compared as well as the percentage of cells estimated to be active. The results indicate that the percentage of spermatozoa determined to be viable with the supravital stains can be altered by changing the percentage of eosin in the stains. Use of 1 per cent eosin gave values that were significantly higher than the percentage of cells determined to be viable with 5 per cent eosin and the percentage of cells estimated to be active. Better quality slides were produced with 5 per cent eosin, which provided values that correlated favorably with motility estimations.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed2001

Effect of pre-stain viability on the acid-fast staining characteristics of Mycobacterium species.

Five species of mycobacteria were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen, Kinyoun and Auramine-Rhodamine after either routine autoclaving, or exposure to rifabutin and ciprofloxacin. Organisms from each treatment group were stained and compared to viable controls. ATCC strains and fresh clinical isolates of all five species were evaluated. All species in both treatment protocols presented similar staining characteristics. Viability of mycobacteria, therefore, must be established by culture.

Anti-Infective Agents↗