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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A study of the effectiveness of chemosurgery with trichloroacetic acid for Japanese cedar pollenosis in terms of the chemical mediator levels in the nasal discharge and results of nasal provocation testing.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of chemosurgery with 80w/v% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for the treatment of Japanese cedar pollenosis. The effectiveness of this treatment was evaluated in terms of the levels in the nasal washings of the chemical mediators histamine and eosinophil cationic protein, and the reactivity in the nasal provocation test. METHODS: Patients of cedar pollenosis were divided into two groups, the TCA-treated group (n=90) and the group that was not treated with TCA (nonTCA-treated group) (n=79), according to whether or not they received TCA treatment. In both the groups, the levels of the two aforementioned mediators in the nasal washings were measured during the pollen dispersal season. In addition, allergen provocation tests were performed using the disk method in volunteers from both the groups during the non-pollen dispersal season. The results of the above two determinations were compared statistically between the two groups. RESULTS: The results revealed significantly lower levels of the two mediators in the TCA-treated group than in the nonTCA-treated group (p<0.01). There was also a greater tendency for the subjects in the TCA-treated group as compared to those in the nonTCA-treated group to show negative reactivity in the allergen provocation test (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Regional suppression of the allergic reaction to Japanese cedar pollen appears to occur as a result of chemosurgery with TCA performed as a day surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Long-term efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution and 35% trichloroacetic acid vs 5% fluorouracil in the treatment of widespread facial actinic keratoses.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the long-term efficacy of fluorouracil (FU) or chemical peels for the treatment of actinic keratoses (AK). Our earlier work examined the efficacy and safety of a medium-depth chemical peel compared with the standard regimen of topical FU in the treatment of widespread facial AK through 12 months. OBJECTIVES: To determine long-term efficacy of both treatments by extending our observations through 32 months. METHODS: Fifteen patients with severe facial actinic damage were treated on the left side with a single application of Jessner's solution and 35% trichloroacetic acid and on the right side with twice daily applications of 5% FU cream for 3 weeks. Parameters evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 32 months included counts of visible AK, random skin biopsies from both treatment areas, development of intercurrent neoplasms, and surveys assessing sun exposure. RESULTS: Eight patients were available for reevaluation at 32 months. Both treatment sides showed a reduction in mean number of AK at 12 months followed by an increase in mean AK number between 12 and 32 months. Improvements in biopsies of clinically actinically damaged skin were seen in keratinocytic atypia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and inflammation at all treatment times during the study with both treatments. Three squamous cell carcinomas developed in the patients after initial treatment; one developed on the side treated with the peel, and two developed on the side treated with fluorouracil. Surveys failed to demonstrate an association between sun exposure and clinical response. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, patient with widespread actinic keratoses treated with medium-depth chemical peel or with 5% FU should be reevaluated yearly or every 1.5 years for reappearance of AK and retreatment.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of the pregnant rat: a multiroute exposure model for trichloroethylene and its metabolite, trichloroacetic acid.

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model was developed to describe trichloroethylene (TCE) kinetics in the pregnant rat exposed to TCE by inhalation, by bolus gavage, or by oral ingestion in drinking water. The kinetics of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), an oxidative metabolite of TCE, were described by a classical one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Among the required model parameters for TCE, partition coefficients (PCs) and kinetic constants for oxidation were determined by vial equilibration and gas uptake methods, respectively. The fat:blood PC was 33.9; the blood:air PC was 13.2; and the fetal tissue:fetal blood PC was 0.51. TCE was readily metabolized with high substrate affinity. In naive and pregnant female rats the maximum velocities of oxidative metabolism were 10.98 +/- 0.155 and 9.18 +/- 0.078 mg/kg/hr, while the estimated Michaelis constant for the two groups of rats was very low, 0.25 mg/liter. The first-order rate constant for oral absorption of TCE from water was 5.4 +/- 0.42/hr-1 in naive rats. With TCA, the volume of distribution (0.618 liter/kg) and the plasma elimination rate constant (0.045 +/- 0.0024/hour) were estimated both from intravenous dosing studies with TCA and from an inhalation study with TCE. By comparison of the two routes of administration, the stoichiometric yield of TCA from TCE was estimated to be 0.12 in pregnant rats. To develop a data base for testing the fidelity of the PB-PK model, inhalation and bolus gavage exposures were conducted from Day 3 to Day 21 of pregnancy and a drinking water exposure from Day 3 to Day 22 of pregnancy. Inhalation exposures with TCE vapor were 4 hr/day at 618 ppm. The TCE concentration in drinking water was 350 micrograms/ml and the gavaged rats received single daily doses of 2.3 mg TCE/kg. Time varying physiological parameters for compartment volumes and blood flows during pregnancy were obtained from the published literature. Using the kinetic parameters determined by experimentation, TCE concentrations in maternal and fetal blood and TCA concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma were predicted from the PB-PK model by computer simulation and compared favorably with limited data obtained at restricted time points during pregnancy for all three routes of exposure. On the basis of the PB-PK model, fetal exposure to TCE, as area-under-the-curve, ranged from 67 to 76% of maternal exposure. For TCA the fetal exposure was 63 to 64% of the maternal exposure. The fetus is clearly at risk both to parent TCE and its TCA metabolite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Focal treatment of acne scars with trichloroacetic acid: chemical reconstruction of skin scars method.

BACKGROUND: Acne scarring is a common complication of acne and yet no appropriate and effective single treatment modality has been developed. We suggest a technique consisting of the focal application of higher trichloroacetic acid (TCA) concentrations by pressing hard on the entire depressed area of atrophic acne scars. This technique is called chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) by the authors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of CROSS on atrophic acne scars in dark-complexioned patients. METHODS: An analysis was conducted of 65 patients with atrophic acne scars who were treated with CROSS in our hospitals between July 1996 and July 2001. Thirty-three patients were treated with 65% TCA CROSS and 32 patients were treated with 100% TCA CROSS. All patients had Fitzpatrick skin types IV-V. RESULTS: Patient treatment data indicated that 27 of 33 patients (82%) (the 65% TCA group) and 30 of 32 patients (94%) (the 100% TCA group) experienced a good clinical response. All patients in the 100% TCA group who received five or six courses of treatment showed excellent results. Good satisfaction rates in the 65% and 100% TCA groups were recorded. There were no cases of significant complication. CONCLUSION: CROSS is a safe and very effective single modality for the treatment of atrophic acne scars with no significant complications.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of activated eosinophil infiltration for the assessment of the effect of chemosurgical treatment for allergic rhinitis using trichloroacetic acid.

An immunohistochemical study was made on the degree of activated eosinophil (EG2) infiltration in the inferior turbinate of 20 cases of perennial allergic rhinitis who underwent septal reconstruction and bilateral inferior turbinectomy approximately 5 months after the unilateral application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The distribution of EG2 was also evaluated in nasal smears obtained from the same subjects, and a comparison was made between TCA-applied and nonapplied sides. It was found that the number of EG2 was significantly decreased in the TCA-applied side. It was assumed that TCA application successfully suppressed reagin-dependent allergic reaction in the tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Focal trichloroacetic acid peel method for benign pigmented lesions in dark-skinned patients.

BACKGROUND: Benign pigmented lesions, including seborrheic keratosis, solar lentigines, melasma, and freckles, are common disorders, and various treatment modalities have been tried. We suggest a technique consisting of focal trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel applied by pressing firmly onto the focal lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of focal TCA peel on pigmented lesions in dark-skinned patients. METHODS: An analysis was conducted of 106 patients with benign pigmented lesions who were treated using focal TCA peel. Seborrheic keratosis was treated with 65% focal TCA peel, solar lentigines, and freckles with 50% to 65% focal TCA peel, and melasmas with 10% to 50% focal TCA peel. Patients had Fitzpatrick skin types IV-V. RESULTS: Patient treatment data indicated that 19 of 23 (83%) patients with seborrheic keratosis, 42 of 49 (86%) patients with solar lentigines, 8 of 14 (58%) patients with freckles, and 11 of 20 (55%) patients with melasma experienced a good clinical response. Good satisfaction rates in the seborrheic keratosis, solar lentigines, freckles, and melasma groups were recorded. No significant complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The focal TCA peel method presented in this study is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of benign pigmented lesions with no significant complications.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Quantitative detection of trichloroacetic acid in human urine using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

The chemical disinfection of drinking water to control microbial contaminants results in the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The volatile trihalomethanes and the nonvolatile haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most prevalent DBPs. It is important to monitor human exposure to HAAs because of their potential adversehealth effects, such as cancer. Among the HAAs, urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) is a potential valid biomarker for assessing chronic ingestion exposure to HAAs from drinking water. We have developed a rugged, high-throughput, sensitive, accurate, and precise assay for the measurement of trace levels of TCAA in human urine using a simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup followed by isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). TCAA is extracted from the urine using SPE, separated from other extract components by reversed-phase HPLC, and analyzed by negative ion electrospray ionization-isotope dilution-MS/MS using a multiple reaction monitoring experiment. The method is simple and fast and is not labor intensive (sample preparation and analysis can be performed in approximately 15 min) with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL in 1 mL of urine.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1987

Effect of alkaline-phosphatase inhibition by 1-p-bromotetramisole on the formation of trichloroacetic acid-[32P]-insoluble phosphate from inorganic [32P]-phosphate and [32P]-pyrophosphate in non-mineralizing and mineralizing hamster molar tooth-germs in vitro.

In culture, 1-p-bromotetramisole (pBTM), a specific inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase, significantly inhibited the formation of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble [32P]-phosphate from inorganic [32P]-phosphate in the proliferating non-mineralizing second (M2) maxillary molar germs but had no effect in the actively mineralizing first (M1) germs. Addition of 10(-5) M inorganic pyrophosphate in the culture medium with a [32P]-phosphate label increased the inhibition of the formation of TCA-insoluble [32P]-phosphate in the M2. pBTM almost completely inhibited the formation of TCA-insoluble [32P]-phosphate from inorganic [32P]-pyrophosphate in the non-mineralizing M2. In the actively mineralizing M1, the compound significantly inhibited but did not abolish the formation of TCA-insoluble phosphate. These results confirm earlier biochemical findings that alkaline phosphatase possesses a pyrophosphatase activity probably related to the turnover of phosphorylated macromolecules necessary for cell differentiation and proliferation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of ethanol plasma-protein precipitation with plasma ultrafiltration and trichloroacetic acid protein precipitation for the measurement of unbound platinum concentrations.

Sample preparation for the measurement of non-protein-bound platinum was evaluated by precipitation of plasma proteins with cold ethanol. The method was compared with the routinely used plasma ultrafiltration and with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) protein precipitation. After incubation of human plasma samples with cisplatin or carboplatin, unbound platinum concentrations were determined applying Amicon Diaflo ultrafiltration membranes and Millipore ultrafree-MC filters. For protein precipitation, 1 ml of cold (-20 degrees C) pure ethanol was added to 0.5 ml of human plasma and the supernatant was collected after 2 h, or 0.5 ml of cold 20% TCA was added to 0.5 ml of plasma. Platinum was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). There was no significant difference between the ethanol and ultrafiltration methods in the unbound platinum concentration. The protein content in the supernatant (1.00 +/- 0.20%) was slightly higher than that in the Amicon (0.58 +/- 0.05%) and Millipore (0.55 +/- 0.04%) ultrafiltrates. On average, the TCA and ethanol method seemed to be equally appropriate. The ethanol precipitation method is concluded to be simple, convenient, and reproducible and has negligible costs.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1995

The efficacy of a topical lidocaine/prilocaine anesthetic gel in 35% trichloroacetic acid peels.

BACKGROUND: A topical formulation of lidocaine and prilocaine has been shown to provide effective anesthesia for certain superficial skin treatments. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a topical self-occluding gel containing lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 3.5% in reducing the discomfort of 35% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peels. METHODS: Ten patients who had previously undergone 35% TCA peels were treated with this anesthetic gel prior to their second 35% TCA peel. They rated their level of discomfort in comparison with their previous peel with no anesthesia. RESULTS: Eight of 10 patients reported at least a 40% reduction in discomfort. However, there was a tendency for the anesthetic gel to enhance the depth of the peel. CONCLUSION: Topical lidocaine/prilocaine gel is an effective agent for reducing the discomfort associated with 25% TCA peeling. However, it should only be used with TCA below 30% concentrations due to its ability to enhance the depth of the peel.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraction and rapid inactivation of proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by trichloroacetic acid precipitation.

Methods currently used for the extraction of proteins from yeast involve relatively long time periods between sampling cells from a culture and analysis of their proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-sodium dodecylsulphate. Often it is desirable to inactivate cellular metabolism rapidly after sampling and here we show that trichloroacetic acid precipitation techniques, often used for rapid extraction and inactivation of proteins from higher eukaryotes, can be adapted for use with organisms which have cell walls.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed1984

Direct analysis for urinary protein with biuret reagent, with use of urine ultrafiltrate blanking: comparison with a manual biuret method involving trichloroacetic acid precipitation.

We describe a method for measuring urinary protein with a centrifugal analyzer. Biuret reagent is used, and blanking with an ultrafiltrate of urine eliminates interferences from the nonprotein, biuret-positive chromogens in urine. We compare results by this new method with those by a manual method in which trichloroacetic acid precipitation and biuret reagent are used. The new method shows good precision and excellent correlation (r = 0.997) with the manual method. The ease and convenience of this assay should make this a useful method for the routine clinical laboratory.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

A simple technique for treatment of nasal telangiectasia using trichloroacetic acid and CO2 laser.

BACKGROUND: Nasal telangiectasia is a common disfiguring condition and may cause significant psychological distress. Although lasers are effective in treating such lesions, there are many disadvantages, such as purpura, scarring, and cost. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a combination therapy of CO2 laser and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for nasal telangiectasia. METHODS: Twenty patients with nasal telangiectasia were treated with CO2 laser 2 weeks after modified sclerotherapy using 80% TCA. RESULTS: After one treatment session, all patients had excellent results with more than 75% vessel clearance. There were mild side effects, such as transient erythema and fine frosting. After follow-up of 1 year, there were no relapses. CONCLUSION: We conclude that CO2 laser after modified sclerotherapy using 80% TCA appears to be a simple, effective, and inexpensive method for the treatment of nasal telangiectasia.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2002

Trichloroacetic acid as a biomarker of exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water: a human exposure trial in Adelaide, Australia.

We addressed the need for a biomarker of ingestion exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products by performing a human exposure trial. We evaluated urinary excretion of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) as an exposure biomarker using 10 volunteers who normally consume their domestic tap water. We recruited the volunteers at a water quality research laboratory in Adelaide, Australia. Participants maintained a detailed consumption and exposure diary over the 5-week study. We also analyzed tap water and first morning urine (FMU) samples for TCAA, and tap water for chloral hydrate (CH). We documented both interindividual and intraindividual variability in TCAA ingestion and urinary excretion, and both were substantial. With a TCAA-free bottled water intervention, we used creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA levels to estimate urinary TCAA excretion half-lives for three of the participants. We observed correspondence over time between estimated TCAA excretion, calculated from TCAA + CH ingestion levels, and measured TCAA urinary excretion. This study demonstrates the merits and feasibility of using TCAA in FMU as an exposure biomarker, and reveals remaining concerns about possible alternate sources of TCAA exposure for individuals with low drinking water ingestion exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pseudocyst of the auricle: successful treatment with intracartilaginous trichloroacetic acid and button bolsters.

Pseudocyst of the auricle is an asymptomatic, noninflammatory cystic swelling that typically involves the anthelix of the ear and results from an accumulation of fluid within an unlined intracartilaginous cavity. We report a patient with a recurrent pseudocyst of the auricle and describe a new surgical technique for treating this condition by applying 50% trichloroacetic acid to the intracartilaginous cavity and utilizing external button bolsters for compressive therapy. This therapeutic approach is simple to perform in the office, results in permanent resolution of the pseudocyst, preserves the normal architecture of the external ear, and provides excellent postoperative and long-term cosmetic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A simple and rapid treatment (trichloroacetic acid precipitation) of serum samples to prevent non-specific reactions in the immunoassay of a proteoglycan.

In our laboratory serum components interfering in the immunoassay of the schistosome proteoglycan circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in serum necessitated us to develop a simple technique by which the non-specific reaction of negative control sera could be prevented. Trichloroacetic acid was added to serum samples to precipitate interfering (glyco-)proteins. After centrifugation, the supernatant was neutralized and used directly either in the ELISA or in the indirect haemagglutination. This method gave satisfactory results, i.e., negative control sera did no longer give false positive reactions, while the titre of the positive controls remained unaffected. This method could also be successfully applied for the pretreatment of urine samples.

Antigens, Helminth↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of 99mtechnetium-radiopharmaceutical binding to blood elements using different trichloroacetic acid concentrations.

Secure determination of the binding of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals to plasma (P) and blood cell (BC) constituents can help to understand the biodistribution of radiophamaceuticals. The reported precipitation studies of blood with radiopharmaceuticals have shown that the results can not be easily compared between studies. We decided to determine the "gold standard" concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to evaluate the binding to blood elements for several radiopharmaceuticals used in routine nuclear medicine. We have studied phytic (99mTc-PHY), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (99mTc-DTPA), glucoheptonic (99mTc-GHA) and dimercaptosuccinic (99mTc-DMSA) acids. Blood was incubated with radiopharmaceuticals, centrifuged and P and BC separated. Samples of P and BC were also precipitated with TCA concentrations (20.0, 10.0, 5.0, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.1 percent) and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) were isolated. The percent radioactivity (percent rad) in IF-P depends on TCA concentration. It varied from 36.4 to 65.0 (99mTc-PHY), from 17.9 to 32.0 (99mTc-DTPA), from 11.5 to 38.8 (99mTc-GHA) and from 52.8 to 66.2 (99mTc-DMSA). The results for the binding of 99mTc-PHY to IF-P show that there was no differences in the percent rad when TCA concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 percent were used. For 99mTc-DTPA, 5.0 percent is the best TCA concentration. For 99mTc-GHA, low values of percent rad bound to IF-P is found with TCA concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0. Interestingly, with 99mTc-DMSA, high values of bound radioactivity are not dependent on TCA concentrations (0.1 to 10.0). Radioactivity in IF-BC depends on TCA concentration and it varied for 99mTc-PHY (80.1 to 54.1) and for 99mTc-GHA (85.5 to 61.7). With 99mTc-DTPA and with 99mTc-DMSA the percent rad in IF-BC seems independent of TCA concentration. We suggest that the evaluation of the binding of the various 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals to blood constituents, using only one TCA concentration, should be avoided.

Animals↗