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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Office management of taste and smell disorders.

Chemosensory disorders have been receiving increasing clinical attention but remain a difficult diagnostic problem. With the development of several well-standardized testing methods, taste or smell loss can now be verified, and this has added to knowledge concerning the common causes of dysfunction. Diagnosis typically rests upon the history and physical examination, but, except in the case of obstructive nasal and sinus pathologic conditions, therapy usually remains elusive.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1987

Disorders of smell and taste.

This article describes the anatomy and physiology of the gustatory and olfactory organs in man. Dysfunction of these senses is closely examined with respect to etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Taste and smell are closely interrelated. An influence on the function of one sense often affects the function of the other sense.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Disorders of smell, taste, and food intake in a patient with a dorsomedial thalamic infarct.

BACKGROUND: We report that a lasting deficit in the hedonic character of olfactory and gustatory perception can be observed in bilateral dorsomedial and intralaminar thalamic lesions. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 68-year-old patient abruptly presented with vigilance disorders associated with a reduction of olfactory and gustatory perceptions. A severe drop in appetite for foods and a weight loss of 10 kg were observed, which were partially reversed with time. Two years later, the main persisting disorder was a change in the quality of perceptions: odors and taste were perceived either in a neutral way, their pleasant character having disappeared, or as unpleasant. However, identification was preserved. MRI showed that lesions principally involved the dorsomedial thalamic nuclei and the adjacent part of the intralaminar nuclei. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that the dorsomedial thalamus may play a role in the hedonic perception of food, thus affecting short-term regulation of food intake, and may possibly have a role in the long-term control of body weight.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical disorders of smell and taste.

Renewed attention to chemosensory dysfunction has revealed that a substantial portion of the population are affected during their lives, many simply as a result of aging. The authors discuss terminology, assessment, etiology, and prognosis and compare current understanding with that presented by Mackenzie in 1884.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Taste and smell in disease (second of two parts).

Disorders of taste and smell are common occurrences that can lead to modifications of dietary habits that may in turn exacerbate disease states or nutritional deficiencies. In addition, they are often nagging problems that diminish the quality of life. Such disorders can result from a range of disease states, pharmacologic and surgical intervention, aging, radiation, and environmental exposure. A search for the pathogenetic mechanism should include the determination of possible (1) local injury from physical or chemical causes, (2) damage to neural projections, (3) disturbance of the cycle of regeneration of chemoreceptors resulting from general malnutrition, disease agents, metabolic disturbances, drugs, or radiation, and (4) alteration in the saliva or fluids bathing the olfactory mucosa by drugs or metabolic agents. Viral infections, normal aging, head injuries, and nasal obstructions are the most common causes of smell disorders. Drugs are common offenders in taste dysfunction. Chemosensory disorders frequently remit when concomitant medical conditions are treated or offending drugs removed, although full recovery may take several months. Considerable research is now under way in this area, and it is to be hoped that we will soon have a better understanding of how to diagnose and treat these common disorders.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[Disorders of smell and taste. Standard and recent methods in diagnosis and therapy].

Compared to disorders of the ears and eyes, diseases of smell and taste seem to be far less outstanding: however, the unimpaired perception of odours and flavours comprises an important part of our well-being, as can be seen in the perfume industry or in drinking and eating habits. The ENT-specialist covers organic causes of these senses, as he has the tools to explore and treat in the depth of the nasal and oral cavities. The "Arbeitsgemeinchaft Olfaktologie/Gustologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie" therefore is in process of establishing a new set for a standardised smell and taste test, which is based in part on the sniffin'sticks, which were developed by Prof. Kobal, Erlangen. The examination procedure of nasal and oral chemosensory performance requires a high test-retest reliability and an efficiency comparable to internationally established measurements in order to render valid results in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The new test kit with the sniffin'sticks is presented in this paper, followed by an overview on some disorders of smell and taste perception and proposals for actual therapeutic procedures.

Ageusia↗
PubMed1999

Disorders of smell and taste.

As with almost any aspect of medical practice, a thorough history and physical examination coupled with a good understanding of the anatomy and physiology of an organ system are the key factors in reaching a diagnosis. The information in this article is provided to assist the internist with the diagnosis of chemosensory disorders and the differentiation of malingering or other disease process as well as providing insight into the workup, prognosis, and treatment of patients with taste and smell disorders.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Caffeine taste test for panic disorder: adenosine receptor supersensitivity.

The present study introduces a novel measure of adenosine receptor sensitivity that is based on the action of specific receptor blockers (e.g., caffeine) to potentiate the ability to detect threshold quinine concentrations. The test is used to compare gustatory adenosinergic responses to caffeine challenges in normal controls and patients with panic disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Panic disorder patients had an exaggerated response to the caffeine challenge that was not found in controls or PTSD patients, although the latter had higher anxiety scores on psychometric tests. The results are related to a model in which A1-adenosine receptors up-regulate in an attempt to modulate hyperactive excitatory neuronal systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A study of gustatory and olfactory function in patients with craniofacial anomalies.

Olfactory and gustatory function can be reiably studied in patients with craniofacial anomalies over the age of 7 years. In our unoperated patients with orbital hypertelorism or craniofacial dysostosis, preoperative evaluation of the olfactory and gustatory functions showed normal values. The same techniques were employed to study any changes in these modalities following reconstructive craniofacial surgery, and the results are presented.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Chemical senses.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Olfactory, auditory, and gustatory function in patients with bonadal dysgenesis.

The olfactory, auditory, and gustatory functions of 20 women with gonadal dysgenesis were studied. Various abnormalities of these functions were found, and they occurred principally in patients with mosaicism of the sex chromosomes. This is further evidence of the increased likelihood of various somatic abnormalities among women with gonadal dysgenesis, and particularly among those who carry more than one line of sex chromosomes.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Burning mouth syndrome.

In spite of the normal clinical appearance of the oral mucosa, BMS subjects do have demonstrated changes in sensory perception and salivary factors in addition to alterations in psychologic features. Although some of these changes may be suggestive of a peripheral or central dysfunction of small afferent nerve fibres, the extent of this alteration and its cause both remain unclear. The existence of changes other than psychologic, however, do weaken the proposition that BMS has a primarily psychogenic origin and suggests instead that future research should address the question of other organic changes in BMS.

Adult↗