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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Role of noninvasive tests (C-urea breath test and stool antigen test) as additional tools in diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with atrophic body gastritis.

BACKGROUND: Detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in atrophic body gastritis (ABG) is difficult, as during progression of body atrophy, H. pylori disappears. AIM: To increase the diagnostic yield of detection of active H. pylori infection in atrophic body gastritis patients by using noninvasive tests such as (13)C-Urea Breath Test ((13)C-UBT) and H. pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) would be useful. PATIENTS: 27 consecutive patients with newly-diagnosed atrophic body gastritis (19F/7M, age 27-73 years). METHODS: Gastroscopy with biopsies (antrum n = 3, body n = 3) and histology according to updated Sydney system, H. pylori IgG serology, (13)C-UBT, and HpSA. RESULTS: All tests used in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection were in agreement in 9/27 atrophic body gastritis patients (33.3%), being all positive in four (14.8%) and all negative in five patients (18.5%). Ten of the 27 (37%) patients were Giemsa stain-positive and serology-positive (group I). Seventeen of the 27 (63%) patients were Giemsa stain-negative: 5/17 with positive serology (group II) and 12/17 with negative serology (group III). In group I, 5/10 (50%) were (13)C-UBT positive and 4/10 (40%) HpSA positive. In group II, two patients were (13)C-UBT positive, but all were HpSA negative. Also in group III, all patients were HpSA negative, but one had a positive (13)C-UBT. CONCLUSIONS: In atrophic body gastritis patients, neither (13)C-UBT nor HpSA per se add useful information regarding active H. pylori infection, but these noninvasive tests may be important in combination with histology and serology to define the H. pylori status in some atrophic body gastritis patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The Face-Symbol Test and the Symbol-Digit Test are not reliable surrogates for the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test in multiple sclerosis.

The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) is the chosen task for cognitive assessment in the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) and a widely used task in neuropsychological studies of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but is unpopular with patients. The Face-Symbol Test (FST) and Symbol-Digit Tests (SDT) are alternative methods of cognitive testing in MS, which are easily administered and patient-friendly. In order to evaluate the potential of the FST as a possible surrogate for the PASAT, we directly compared the FST to the PASAT and the SDT in a cohort of 50 MS patients with varying levels of disability. There was significant correlation between SDT and FST scores (Spearman's rho 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.88), R(2) 65%, with moderate inter-test agreement (k =0.52). In contrast, SDT and FST scores were less predictive of PASAT scores. We concluded that neither the FST nor SDT are reliable surrogates for the PASAT.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

"Guidance for industry: current good manufacturing practice for blood and blood components: (1). Quarantine and disposition of units from prior collections from donors with repeatedly reactive screening test for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV); (2). Supplemental testing, and the notification of consignees and blood recipients of donor test results for anti-HCV;" availability--FDA. Notice.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of a guidance document (dated September 1998) entitled "Guidance for Industry: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Blood and Blood Components: (1) Quarantine and Disposition of Units From Prior Collections From Donors With Repeatedly Reactive Screening Test for Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus (Anti-HCV); (2) Supplemental Testing, and the Notification of Consignees and Blood Recipients of Donor Test Results for Anti-HCV." The guidance document provides recommendations for donor screening and supplemental testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV), notification of consignees and quarantine of prior collections from a donor who later tests repeatedly reactive for antibody to HCV, notification of recipients of blood and blood components at increased risk for transmitting HCV.

Blood Banks↗

PubMed1999

Comparison of the dot-immunobinding assay with the serum agglutination test, the rose bengal plate test and the milk ring test for the detection of Brucella antibodies in bovine sera and milk.

In this study, Brucella antibodies in bovine sera and milk were detected using the dot-immunobinding assay (DIA), the serum agglutination test (SAT), the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the milk ring test (MRT). For this purpose, a total of 116 paired blood and milk samples collected at the same time from 56 aborted and from 60 healthy dairy cows was examined. In DIA, a nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) was used as the solid phase. Antigen adsorbed on the NCM was extracted from Brucella abortus S99 by heat treatment. The results obtained by DIA were compared with those of SAT, RBPT and MRT. Of the 116 paired blood and milk samples, 24 were positive and 72 were negative by all tests used. Serum samples of six aborted cows were positive by DIA, SAT and RBPT but the milk samples were negative by DIA and MRT. Serum and milk samples of four aborted cows gave positive reaction only by DIA tests. The remaining six aborted cows were negative only by MRT and two of them were negative by both RBPT and MRT. Four sera of healthy cows were found to be positive only by SAT.

Abortion, Veterinary↗

PubMed1992

[Comparative study of antibody identification in the gel centrifugation test (ID Microtyping System), solid phase antiglobulin test (Solidscreen Capture R, Ready ID) and tube test].

The gel centrifugation test (ID Microtyping System)--a new method for antibody screening--was compared with solid phase systems (Solidscreen, Capture R, Ready ID) and the conventional tube test. 141 different antibodies were tested and the results were compared. The ID Microtyping System identified 138 (98%) of all antibodies, the tube test 110 (78%), Capture R 86 (61%), Ready ID 79 (56%) and Solidscreen 75 (53%). The results in identification of all antibodies except cold agglutinins (n = 107) were: in the ID Microtyping System 98% (105), tube test 76% (82), Capture R 70% (75), Ready ID 68% (73) and Solidscreen 61% (65).

Antibody Specificity↗

PubMed1987

[The Flack test: a test exploring the sinus function in athletes. Apropos of 351 tests].

A standardized Flack's test with continuous electrocardiographic recording was performed in 351 moderately trained athletes (317 men and 34 women; mean age 23.7 years). The test gave normal results in 310 subjects (88.3%). Tachycardia in excess of 100 beats/min was observed in 12 subjects (3.4%), and 56 abnormalities which were not present on previous ECG recordings at rest were noted in 29 subjects (8.3%); 27 of these abnormalities appeared immediately after a previous one. Out of these 56 abnormalities, 26 (44.6%) were associated with sinus dysfunction: sinus bradycardia in 8 cases, second degree sinoatrial block in 2 cases, third degree sinoatrial block in 3 cases and sinus arrest in 13 cases. In 16 cases of third degree sinoatrial block or sinus arrest escape rhythms were observed, including coronary sinus rhythm (3), junctional rhythm (12) and accelerated idioventricular rhythm (1). Five of the 56 abnormalities (8.9%) were disorders of conduction, i.e. first or second degree atrioventricular block, atrioventricular dissociation and blocked P waves. These disorders are known to be frequently associated with sinus dysfunction. In 9 out of 56 abnormalities (16.1%) disorders of excitability were present as atrial, junctional and ventricular extrasystoles. In 8 subjects the Flack's test resulted in the disappearance of disorders of conduction or excitability of the "athlete" type present at rest, as the Ruffier-Dickinson test, or the cycloergometric exercise test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The mental effects of chronic venous disease. Assessment by means of the Machover human figure test, Cattel anxiety test and Rosenzweig frustration test].

On the basis of routine clinical observations of mental stress, mainly of anxiety and depressive type, in the everyday treatment of chronic vascular disease, an attempt has been made to obtain a more strictly scientific assessment in relation to age, profession, admittance to hospital, degree of invalidity and immobility, etc. of two groups of patients with similar characteristics, one with chronic phlebopathy and a control group suffering from traumas of the lower extremities and their sequelae. Following intensive, highly informative conversations, the evaluation was made by means of the Machover human figure test which showed greater aggressiveness among the phlebopathy patients than the controls, the Cattel anxiety test (I.P.A.T.) which showed a marked prevalence of concealed anxiety in phlebopathy patients, and the Rosenzweig frustration test which revealed no significant differences between the groups. The data obtained were evaluated by statistical analysis with the Student test and Pearson's x test and results are reported.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Model tests for effectiveness assay of disinfectants on surfaces. III. Dependence of test results on the type of substances and the test microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium terrae)].

A new test method for surface disinfectants was applied to investigate the efficacy of the most important active components of disinfectants to Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium terrae. The test germs were embedded in coagulated blood. Frosted glass served as test surface. The disinfection was performed by applying a fixed amount of the disinfectant and mixing it with the contamination by rubbing. The number of surviving germs was determined quantitatively. Generally, the two test germs showed a distinctly different behaviour towards the active substances applied. Mycobacteria proved to be clearly more resistant than staphylococci, except with formaldehyde and the cresol-soap solution. The formaldehyde, the mycobacteria were only a little more resistant, while to cresol-soap solution they were even a little more sensitive than were staphylococci. Compounds containing active chloride showed a sufficient effect on mycobacteria only if the consumption of the active component by blood was nearly excluded. The quaternary ammonium compound and glyoxal, even the high concentrations, showed a totally insufficient efficacy to mycobacteria. The results shall provide the basis for a new guideline to be established by the Federal Health Office concerning the efficacy testing of surface disinfectants effective against mycobacteria, especially tuberculosis bacteria.

Chlorine↗

PubMed1993

A comparative study on the solid phase capture--platelet test, platelet adhesion immunofluorescence test and lymphocytotoxic test.

The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the solid phase capture-platelet test (CPT) were compared with those of the platelet adhesion immunofluorescence test (PAIFT) and the lymphocytotoxic test (LCT). This study shows that CPT has a higher sensitivity than PAIFT (P < 0.001) and LCT (P < 0.01). The specificity was 86% lower than LCT (100%) (P < 0.01). Both the CPT test and PAIFT were comparable with regard to reproducibility (100%, 92%). The solid phase assay is easier to handle than PAIFT and LCT, allowing identification of HLA as well as of platelet specific antibodies. It is an efficient antibody screening test.

Antibody Specificity↗

PubMed1996

The field testing of Denver Developmental Screening Test Singapore: a Singapore version of Denver II Developmental Screening Test.

The Denver Developmental Screening Test, Singapore (DDST, Singapore), a Singapore version of the Denver II Developmental Screening Test, was field-tested, using trained staff nurses as testers, on 2459 children (known cases excluded), in 5 key ages of 3 months, 9 months, 17 months, 37 months and 60 months. Only 2.6% (65) of the parents suspected developmental problems in their children before screening. Taking children with "questionable" (7.2%), "abnormal" (3.7%) and "untestable" (1.7%) scores as the screened-out cases, the DDST, Singapore had a screened-out rate of 12.6%. A total of 171 screened-out cases and 168 "normal" children were also evaluated by the Development Assessment Clinic (DAC) of the Singapore General Hospital and the results were compared in these 2 groups of children. Among the screened-out cases, 16.6% were confirmed or suspected to have neuro-developmental disorders (NDDs) by the DAC. The computed NDD rate in the study sample was 5.3%. Based on a single DDST, Singapore test result, there was a high false positive rate of 83.5% and lower false negative rate of 3.7% compared to the DAC assessment. However, the high false positive rate would be significantly reduced by doing a repeat screening test on the "questionable" cases and having the screened-out cases assessed by trained primary health care doctors. In conclusion, no major revision is needed in the scoring criteria suggested in the current version of DDST, Singapore. It is a useful tool in identifying children who will otherwise be missed without formal screening.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1996

[Urease test, microbiologic tests, histologic and serologic tests for the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infections in persons with peptic ulcer and gastritis].

The presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa of 150 patients with gastric, duodenal ulcer and endoscopic gastritis was investigated by rapid urease-based test, culture, histological examination and serology. Overall, 78% were positive for Helicobacter pylori by rapid urease-based test, 69.3% by culture, 53.7% by histological staining and 93.2% by serology (p < 0.001). The frequency of Helicobacter pylori was higher in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer compared with those with endoscopic gastritis and those after gastric resection. However, the differences were significant only with reference to rapid urease-based test, (p < 0.02). The EIA (Roche) serological test had the highest sensitivity and the lowest specificity. This indicates the seed for serological kit to be independently evaluated on the population to be studied. The rapid urease-based test was simple, rapid and inexpensive, and it was more sensitive and equally specific compared with culture and Giemsa stain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Utilization of d-tartaric acid by Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella java: comparison of anaerobic plate test, lead acetate test and turbidity test.

d-Tartrate dehydrase of Salmonella java is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme active in cultures incubated under the poorly aerated conditions of static culture but not in fully aerated shaken cultures nor on plates incubated aerobically. On plates of d-tartrate minimal agar incubated anaerobically the enzyme or the degradation products of d-tartrate are exported from d-tartrate-positive cells and are available to d-tartrate-negative bacteria. This may give misleading growth results when d-tartrate-positive and d-tartrate-negative strains are tested for growth on the same plate of d-tartrate minimal agar. The lead-acetate test terminated at 24 h, the 24 h turbidity test and the ability to grow on d-tartrate minimal agar within 48 h differentiated 53 S. paratyphi B strains that were negative in each of the three tests from 76 S. java that were positive in each of the tests. An intermediate group of eight strains utilized d-tartrate in Difco bacto-peptone water to give a positive lead acetate reaction at 2 days, were stimulated to a varying degree by d-tartrate in Oxoid peptone water within the same period of incubation and grew poorly on d-tartrate minimal agar. These latter strains may be deficient in a permease controlling uptake of d-tartrate or export of d-tartrate dehydrase. Inability to utilize d-tartrate is unlikely to be the single character accountable for the reputed enhanced pathogenicity of S. paratyphi B when compared with S. java. Indications for the existence of an enzyme, complementary to and mutually exclusive with d-tartrate dehydrase, that has a positive correlation with pathogenicity are discussed.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1995

A useful testing strategy in phase III trials: combined test of superiority and test of equivalence.

A useful testing strategy is proposed for a confirmatory phase III clinical trial. It consists of a combined test of superiority and test of equivalence, and it is easy to apply. By introducing the strategy, we can perform a post hoc analysis in a confirmatory experiment. Thus a more flexible decision will be possible than the usual single testing method provides. It is shown that the procedure needs no adjustment for multiplicity from the point of view of the closed testing procedure. The relationship between this strategy and a confidence interval is also discussed.

Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic↗

PubMed1990

Projective test findings for boys with gender disturbance: Draw-A-Person Test, IT scale, and Make-A-Picture Story Test.

With 66 boys, aged 3 yr. to 17 yr. who were referred for potential gender-identity disorder, this study examined intrapsychic manifestations as reflected in their projections to the Draw-A-Person Test, the Brown IT Scale for Children, and the Shneidman Make-A-Picture Story Test. Without access to these projective test findings, an independent clinical psychologist provided a diagnostic rating on the severity of gender disturbance on a five-point diagnostic rating scale, based on clinical interviews of the child and his parents and a systematic behavioral assessment based on previously published normative standardization data. For each of the three projective measures, significant correlations were found between the clinician ratings on severity of gender disturbance and the test findings in the feminine direction (D-A-P, r = .44; IT Scale, r = .64; M-A-P-S, r = .35). These results validated the use of intrapsychic phenomena of fantasy and self-perception as measured by these projective tests for the diagnosis of gender disturbance in male children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

The insulin test after vagotomy and antral resection or drainage. Stability and reversal of test response in repeated tests.

Repeated insulin tests were carried out on 118 patients after vagotomy and antral resection or vagotomy and drainage. The main indication for operation was gastro-duodenal ulcer. The test was performed in both the early (average 13.7 days after the operation) and late (average 3.3 years) postoperative phase. After vagotomy and antral resection, the proportion of Hollander-positive responses decreased from 21.1% in the early phase to 11.1% in the late phase, but after vagotomy and drainage, it increased from 32.1% to 57.1% (p greater than 0.05 in both). Changes of the test response from negative to positive and vice versa were seen after both types of operations. After vagotomy and antral resection, in tests with a change of the response from positive to negative (14.4%) there was a significant decrease in insulin-stimulated acid secretion. After vagotomy and drainage, there were more changes from negative to positive (28.6%), but no significant differences were seen in acid secretion values. Some tests showed a change from early positive to late positive (Ross & Kay). The significance and possible explanations for the changes are discussed in the light of acid secretion values.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1985

The thin layer rapid use epicutaneous test (TRUE-test), a new patch test method with high accuracy.

The thin layer rapid use epicutaneous test (TRUE-test) is a new patch test, in which the allergens are incorporated in a thin, flexible solid vehicle on a water impermeable backing. The vehicle shows good stability for allergens, which are crystallized, micronized or emulsified into a gel. The TRUE-test produces an exact dosage, even surface spread and high bioavailability for the allergens. This solves the problems of low bioavailability, uncertain dosage and uneven surface distribution which are commonly seen when petrolatum is used as the vehicle.

Cobalt↗

PubMed1975

Chamber test versus patch test for epicutaneous testing.

A new modification of the chamber test for epicutaneous testing, and improved auxiliary equipment are presented. Compared with the customary patch test, the chamber test in its present form has several remarkable advantages, which are described in detail.

Dermatitis, Contact↗

PubMed2001

Selected topics in point-of-care testing. Urinalysis, pregnancy testing, microbiology, fecal occult blood, and other tests.

The menu of tests available at the point of care continues to expand. Many of these tests present unique opportunities to deploy point-of-care technologies in the home, outpatient, and hospital settings. The future will inevitably create new applications for POCT. The success of these efforts will be in part determined by how technologies for specific applications are selected and by the ability to manage new point-of-care tests as part of an organizational point-of-care program. The possibilities to improve patient care are obvious, provided adequate attention is paid to ensuring quality testing and to managing patient data from these novel technologies.

Ambulatory Care↗