SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Transfer”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Efficient initiation and strand transfer of polypurine tract-primed plus-strand DNA prevent strand transfer of internally initiated plus-strand DNA.

A critical step in retroviral reverse transcription is the initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis at the polypurine tract (PPT) and strand transfer of the PPT-primed strong-stop DNA to the 5' end of the viral DNA. An attachment site (att) immediately 3' to the PPT is essential for proper integration of proviral DNA into the host chromosome. Plus-strand DNA synthesis is discontinuous in many retroviruses, indicating that sequences upstream of the PPT are also used to initiate plus-strand DNA synthesis (internally initiated DNA). Strand transfer of internally initiated DNA would result in "dead" viral DNA that lacks the att site needed for integration. Strand transfer of the internally initiated DNA could occur if DNA synthesis failed to initiate at the PPT or if the PPT-primed DNA was displaced before strand transfer. We sought to determine the efficiency of DNA synthesis initiating at the PPT and the proportions of PPT-primed DNA and internally initiated DNAs that are utilized for strand transfer. We constructed spleen necrosis virus-based retroviral vectors containing an internal PPT and an att site 5' of the normal PPT and att site. After one replication cycle of the retroviral vectors, the structures of the resulting proviruses were determined by Southern blotting. The analysis suggested that the PPT is an efficient and rapid initiator of plus-strand DNA synthesis and that internally initiated DNAs are rarely utilized for strand transfer. We hypothesize that efficient synthesis and strand transfer of PPT-primed DNA evolved to prevent lethal strand transfers of internally initiated DNAs.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Molecular weight-dependent lymphatic transfer of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextrans after intrapulmonary administration and effects of various absorption enhancers on the lymphatic transfer of drugs in rats.

We have developed a new method to evaluate the transfer of macromolecular drugs to intrapulmonary lymph nodes in rats after intrapulmonary administration. By using this method, we observed that the transfer of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans (FDs) to the intrapulmonary lymph nodes was markedly higher than that to iliac lymph node, a non-intrapulmonary lymph node. The transfer of FDs to the intrapulmonary lymph nodes increased with increasing their molecular weights and the threshold for a high lymph node-to-plasma level ratio (CLN/CP) was between 10 and 20 kDa. The effects of absorption enhancers on the transfer of FDs to intrapulmonary lymph nodes were also examined in rats. Absorption enhancers used in this study were EDTA, sodium glycocholate (Na-GC), mixed micelles (MM), N-lauryl-beta-D-maltopyranoside (LM), sodium caprate (Na-Cap). The transfer of FD-20, FD-40 and FD-70 to intrapulmonary lymph nodes after intrapulmonary administration increased in the presence of LM. In particular, the lymphatic transfer of FD-40 was remarkably increased in the presence of LM. Similarly, Na-GC and MM improved the transfer of FD-40 to intrapulmonary lymph nodes. These results suggest that absorption enhancers such as LM, Na-GC and MM are effective for improving the transfer of macromolecular drugs to intrapulmonary lymph nodes.

Absorption↗

PubMed1990

Insect lipid transfer particle catalyzes bidirectional vectorial transfer of diacylglycerol from lipophorin to human low density lipoprotein.

Insect plasma lipid transfer particle (LTP) catalyzes vectorial net transfer of diacylglycerol (DAG) from Manduca sexta larval high density lipophorin (HDLp-L) to human low density lipoprotein (LDL) producing an LDL of lower density and lipophorin subspecies of higher density. At equilibrium, a stable DAG-depleted very high density lipophorin species (density = 1.25 g/ml) is formed. Electrophoretic analysis of the substrate and product lipoproteins showed that apoprotein exchange or transfer between human LDL and lipophorin did not occur during the lipid transfer reaction. Facilitated net transfer of cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and phospholipid occurred to a much lower extent than DAG net transfer, indicating that under these conditions, LDL serves as a sink for lipophorin-associated DAG. This reaction, therefore, provides a method whereby the mass of lipid associated with human LDL can be modified in vitro without alteration of its apoprotein component. The DAG content of LDL increased in a linear manner with respect to LTP concentration and time during the initial phase of the reaction, demonstrating the utility of this system as a quantitative assay method for LTP-mediated net DAG transfer. When [3H]DAG-labeled LDL was prepared and employed in transfer experiments with unlabeled lipophorin, labeled DAG was recovered in the HDLp-L fraction. The amount of labeled DAG recovered in the HDLp-L fraction was dependent on the ratio of LDL to HDLp-L in the reaction. Thus, in this system, LTP-mediated DAG redistribution is bidirectional, suggesting that the final equilibrium distribution of lipid may be dictated by the properties of potential donor/acceptor lipoproteins rather than by an inherent particle substrate specificity of LTP.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Cellular interactions in the adoptive transfer of contact sensitivity: characterization of an antigen-nonspecific Vicia villosa-adherent T cell needed for adoptive transfer into naive recipients.

The adoptive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) into naive recipients requires the interaction of two functionally distinct Ly-1+ T cells: and I-J- cell effector cell for DTH which transfers antigen-specific DTH only into animals whose suppressive mechanisms have been compromised, and and I-J+ cell which alone never transfers DTH but allows the transfer of DTH by the I-J- DTH effector cell into naive animals. We investigated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the cell which "protects" the I-J- DTH effector cell from host suppressive mechanisms and allows the transfer of DTH into naive recipients. This cell was found to express the cell surface phenotype Lyt-1+,2-, L3T4+, and I-J+, and, in contrast to the I-J- DTH effector cell, was found to be adherent to the lectin Vicia villosa (VV). These cells routinely are found in the spleens of both immune or naive animals, and regardless of their origin are antigen-nonspecific in their functional activity in that they complement VV-nonadherent cells to transfer DTH responses of both TNP and oxazolone-primed cells. Treatment of recipient mice with cyclophosphamide (to remove host suppressor mechanisms) or Bordetella pertussis vaccine (which stimulates splenic T cells to circulate) abrogates the need for these cells in the transfer population, whereas treatment of donor mice with B. pertussis functionally depletes these cells from splenic T cell populations. Therefore, it appears that in the adoptive transfer of DTH responses, the antigen-specific I-J- VV-nonadherent cell requires an I-J+ VV-adherent cell in the circulation to overcome host suppressive mechanisms. The importance of these I-J+ cells in DTH responses is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Production of transgenic-clone pigs by the combination of ICSI-mediated gene transfer with somatic cell nuclear transfer.

The objective of this study was to examine whether the ICSI-mediated gene transfer method using in vitro matured oocytes and frozen sperm head could actually produce transgenic pigs. We also aimed at examining whether transgenic pigs can be cloned from somatic cells of a transgenic pig generated by the ICSI-mediated method. A bicistronic gene constituted of the human albumin (hALB) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) genes was introduced into pig oocytes by the ICSI-mediated method. Transfer of 702 embryos produced by the ICSI-mediated method into five gilts resulted in 4 pregnancies. When three of the recipients, which had received total 312 of the embryos were autopsied, 32 including 1 transgenic fetuses were obtained. One of the recipients gave birth to three live piglets including one transgenic pig, showing a strong green fluorescence in the eyeballs, oral mucous membrane and subcutaneous tissues. Fluorescent microscopy revealed uniform GFP expression in all cell lines established from kidney, lung and muscle of the founder transgenic pig obtained. Nuclear transfer of these cells resulted in stable in vitro development of cloned embryos into the blastocyst stage, ranging from 12.9 to 19.8%. When 767 of the nuclear transfer embryos were transferred to 5 recipients, all became pregnant and gave birth to a total of six live transgenic-clones. The transgene copy number and integrity in the founder pig were maintained in the primary culture cells established from the founder as well as in the clones produced from these cells. Our study demonstrates that the ICSI-mediated gene transfer is an efficient and practical method to produce transgenic pigs, using frozen sperm heads and in vitro matured oocytes. It was also shown that combination of ICSI-mediated transgenesis and nuclear transfer is a feasible technology of great potential in transgenic pig production.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Comparison of zygote intrafallopian tube transfer and transcervical uterine embryo transfer in patients with repeated implantation failure.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the role of zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) procedure in patients with repeated failure of implantation. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 141 ZIFT cycles of 132 women and 145 embryo transfer (ET) cycles of 97 women in whom five or more embryos were transferred were included in this study. Transcervical uterine embryo transfer and ZIFT cycle outcome in patients with five or more previous implantation failure were compared. Embryos were transferred by laparoscopy into the fallopian tube 24-27 h following oocytes retrieval in the ZIFT group. In the ET group, embryos were transferred transcervically on the third day following oocytes retrieval. RESULTS: The mean age was 34+/-4.9 and 34.9+/-5.0 years in ZIFT and ET group, respectively. No difference was determined between the two groups regarding the basal FSH, E2 value on the day of HCG injection and the number of oocytes retrieved or fertilized. The implantation rate was 6.5% versus 7.2%, clinical pregnancy rate was 22.7% versus 24.8% and live birth rate was 21.2% versus 16.5% in ZIFT and ET groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of ZIFT procedure in patients with repeated implantation failure is not superior to transcervical uterine embryo transfer.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Elevated plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in NIDDM: relationships with apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and phospholipid transfer protein.

Lecithin:cholesteryl acyl transferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are key factors in the esterification of cholesterol and the subsequent transfer of cholesteryl ester from high density lipoproteins (HDL) towards very low and low density lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL). Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) are involved in plasma phospholipid and triglyceride metabolism and also affect HDL. Equivocal changes in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer have been reported in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In 16 NIDDM men with plasma triglycerides < or = 4.5 mmol/l and cholesterol < or = 8.0 mmol/l. plasma cholesteryl ester transfer (CET), cholesterol esterification rate, LCAT and PLTP activity levels were higher (P < 0.05 to P < 0.02) in conjunction with higher plasma triglycerides (P < 0.01) and lower HDL cholesterol and cholesteryl ester levels (P < 0.05) compared to 16 matched healthy men. Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that CET was positively related to VLDL + LDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P = 0.001), PLTP activity (P = 0.007) and CETP activity (P = 0.008, multiple r = 0.94). NIDDM had no effect on CET, independently from these parameters. HDL cholesteryl ester was negatively related to CET (P= 0.017), HL activity (P = 0.033) and NIDDM (P = 0.047) and positively to LCAT activity levels (P = 0.034, multiple r = 0.68). It is concluded that the elevated CET in plasma from NIDDM patients is associated with higher plasma triglycerides and PLTP activity levels. Furthermore, our data suggest that in normo- and moderately dyslipidaemic subjects PLTP and CETP activity levels per se may influence the rate of cholesteryl ester transfer in plasma. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer appears to be a determinant of HDL cholesteryl ester, but other factors are likely to contribute to lower HDL cholesteryl ester levels in NIDDM.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Cholesteryl ester analogs inhibit cholesteryl ester but not triglyceride transfer catalyzed by the plasma cholesteryl ester-triglyceride transfer protein.

A lipid transfer protein complex (LTC), purified from human plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography, catalyzed the interlipoprotein transfer of cholesteryl esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG). The CE transfer activity of LTC was governed by the structure of the CE. Incubation of LTC with long chain CE both activated and stabilized LTC. Short chain CE also enhanced the CE and TG transfer activity of LTC during the initial time of incubation. However, LTC's incubation with short chain CE induced a subsequent and time-dependent loss of CE transfer activity without concomitant loss of TG transfer activity. The data indicate that the CE and TG transfer activity of LTC can be regulated independently.

Binding Sites↗

PubMed1991

Effects of various non-esterified fatty acids on the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to LDL induced by the cholesteryl ester transfer protein.

The effects of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated non-esterified fatty acids on the rate of transfer of radiolabeled cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins (HDL) to low density lipoproteins (LDL), induced by the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), have been studied. Human high-density lipoproteins-subfraction 3 (HDL3) containing radiolabeled cholesteryl esters were incubated with LDL at 37 degrees C with or without CETP and in the absence or in the presence of non-esterified fatty acids. Less than 6% of the total radioactivity was recovered in the LDL fraction after incubation of HDL3, and LDL for 3 h at 37 degrees C in the absence of CETP, regardless of whether or not non-esterified fatty acids were added. The addition of CETP to the incubation mixture induced a time-dependent redistribution of radiolabeled cholesteryl esters from HDL3 to LDL. Non-esterified fatty acids were found to alter the rate of transfer of cholesteryl esters induced by CETP. While short chain saturated non-esterified fatty acids (caprylic and capric acids) had no effect on the rate of transfer of cholesteryl esters, the medium and long chain ones (lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids) significantly increased the CETP-mediated transfers from HDL3 to LDL. At low concentrations, unsaturated fatty acids also stimulated the CETP-mediated redistribution of radiolabeled cholesteryl esters from HDL3 to LDL. As the concentration of either oleic, linoleic or arachidonic acids increased to higher levels, a significant proportion of fatty acids remained unassociated with lipoprotein particles. Under these circumstances the transfer process was inhibited. These results show that non-esterified fatty acids can modulate the CETP-mediated transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to LDL and that this effect is dependent on both the length and the degree of unsaturation of their monomeric carbon chain.

Carrier Proteins↗

PubMed1984

Separate transfer of mouse protection and delayed-type hypersensitivity with Salmonella typhimurium transfer factor.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced with Salmonella typhimurium transfer factor (TF) contributed to an increase in mean survival days of mice challenged with homologous organisms and afforded only a low level of host protection as determined by survival rate, compared with that obtained by active immunization. TF of other enteric bacteria could transfer DTH which is cross-reactive to salmonella antigen but did not afford host protection. Although TF of Listeria monocytogenes did not transfer the cross-reactive DTH, it could confer the significant increase in mean survival days against the lethal challenge with S. typhimurium. Listerial ribosomal vaccine conferred the high level of mouse protection without inducing DTH to salmonella antigen. The resistance generated upon active immunization with listerial ribosomal vaccine could be enhanced by the injection of S. typhimurium TF to the same level as that obtained after immunization with homologous ribosomal vaccine. Among salmonella TF, there could be no cross-reactive immunity between S. typhimurium and S. choleraesuis, although the cross-reactive DTH was observed. The DTH transfer ability of TF was sensitive to Pronase which could not affect the ability to transfer host immunity, but RNase could abolish the ability to transfer host immunity without impairing DTH transfer activity. These results suggest that in mouse typhoid infection, DTH is not associated with host protection as determined by survival rate.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

A delayed-addition enzyme immunoassay for the relative cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass in patients with deficient plasma cholesteryl ester transfer activity.

The biochemical basis for the apparent deficiency of cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer activity was investigated in two unrelated subjects with markedly elevated high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Atherosclerosis 1988; 70:7-12). Essentially no CE or triglyceride transfer activity was detected in the patients' plasma, utilizing four different lipid transfer assays. Using polyclonal antibodies raised against human plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a delayed-addition enzyme immunoassay was developed to determine plasma CETP mass. CETP could not be detected with this assay in the plasma of the two subjects with transfer activity deficiency, indicating that the CE transfer activity deficiency in these subjects is due to the absence of plasma CETP. In addition, three hyperalphalipoproteinemic subjects with a partial deficiency of CE transfer activity had a reduced level of CETP mass. There was a good correlation between plasma CETP activity and mass levels. The principles of this immunoassay may be applicable to measure the mass levels of other proteins with catalytic activities.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Transfer of contact sensitivity to beryllium using dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor).

Transfer factor derived from lymphocytes of donors with strong cellular immunity against beryllium was intradermally or subcutaneously injected into unprimed or subclinically primed human recipients who were patch test-negative. These recipients were challenged with beryllium at weekly intervals thereafter. Subjects who had been subclinically primed and received transfer factor either intradermally or subcutaneously showed transient patch test reactivity to the challenge. Subjects who received transfer factor but were not primed and subjects who had been primed but did not receive transfer factor showed no such conversion. This is the first demonstration of transfer of contact sensitivity in man using transfer factor, and it suggests that subclinical priming is necessary for such transfers.

Beryllium↗

PubMed2003

The graduated embryo score predicts the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies better than a single day 3 evaluation and achieves results associated with blastocyst transfer from day 3 embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the graduated embryo score (GES) for predicting assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome compared to a single morphologic evaluation on day 3 of culture (grade A: > or =7 cells; <20% fragmentation). DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis. SETTING: Private practice. PATIENT(S): Women aged <40 years with a normal uterine cavity treated with ART (n = 106). INTERVENTION(S): Embryos were graded by GES and by day 3 morphologic characteristics alone before ET. Cycle outcomes were compared with embryo grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ongoing gestation and implantation rates. RESULT(S): Overall ongoing gestation and implantation rates were 48% and 26%, respectively. With 1+ embryo GES > or =70 (n = 77), the rates were 62% and 36%, respectively, which were significantly higher than for those with 0 embryos GES > or =70 (n = 29). With 1+ grade A embryo (n = 102), the rates were 50% and 27%, respectively. Transfer of more than one embryo GES > or =70 did not improve the pregnancy rate, but did increase the risk of multiple gestations. A single day 3 evaluation had an extremely low specificity (7%) compared to GES (47%). Graduated embryo scoring (GES) was an excellent predictor of pregnancy and implantation rates from blastocyst transfer. Day of transfer did not affect pregnancy rates, although implantation was higher from day 5 embryo transfer (ET) than from day 3 ET, as fewer embryos were transferred. CONCLUSION(S): Transfer of one or more embryo GES > or =70 predicts pregnancy and implantation rates better than a single morphologic evaluation on day 3 and achieves ART outcomes associated with blastocyst transfer from day 3 ET, making extended culture unnecessary for most patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Effect of transfer of one or two in vitro-produced embryos and post-transfer administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone on pregnancy rates of heat-stressed dairy cattle.

Pregnancy rates following transfer of an in vitro-produced (IVP) embryo are often lower than those obtained following transfer of an embryo produced by superovulation. The purpose of the current pair of experiments was to examine two strategies for increasing pregnancy rates in heat stressed, dairy recipients receiving an IVP embryo. One method was to transfer two embryos into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL, whereas the other method involved injection of GnRH at Day 11 after the anticipated day of ovulation. In Experiment 1, 32 virgin crossbred heifers and 26 lactating crossbred cows were prepared for timed embryo transfer by being subjected to a timed ovulation protocol. Those having a palpable CL were randomly selected to receive one (n = 31 recipients) or two (n = 27 recipients) embryos on Day 7 after anticipated ovulation. At Day 64 of gestation, the pregnancy rate tended to be higher (P = 0.07) for cows than for heifers. Heifers that received one embryo tended to have a higher pregnancy rate than those that received two embryos (41% versus 20%, respectively) while there was no difference in pregnancy rate for cows that received one or two embryos (57% versus 50%, respectively). Pregnancy loss between Day 64 and 127 only occurred for cows that received two embryos (pregnancy rate at Day 127=17%). Between Day 127 and term, one animal (a cow with a single embryo) lost its pregnancy. There was no difference in pregnancy rates at Day 127 or calving rates between cows and heifers, but females that received two embryos had lower Day-127 pregnancy rates and calving rates than females that received one embryo (P < 0.03). Of the females receiving two embryos that calved, 2 of 5 gave birth to twins. For Experiment 2, 87 multiparous, late lactation, nonpregnant Holstein cows were synchronized for timed embryo transfer as in Experiment 1. Cows received a single embryo in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the ovary containing the CL and received either 100 microg GnRH or vehicle at Day 11 after anticipated ovulation (i.e. 4 days after embryo transfer). There was no difference in pregnancy rate for cows that received the GnRH or vehicle treatment (18% versus 17%, respectively). In conclusion, neither unilateral transfer of two embryos nor administration of GnRH at Day 11 after anticipated ovulation improved pregnancy rates of dairy cattle exposed to heat stress.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Incidence of monozygotic twinning with blastocyst transfer compared to cleavage-stage transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of monozygotic twinning (MZT) in pregnancies conceived after blastocyst transfer compared to cleavage-stage transfer. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University IVF program. PATIENT(S): All IVF patients with viable pregnancies conceived during a 4-year period. INTERVENTION(S): Blastocyst transfer or day 3 ET. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of MZT assessed by transvaginal ultrasound. RESULT(S): There were 11 incidences of MZT in 197 viable pregnancies (5.6%) with blastocyst transfer compared to 7 of 357 viable pregnancies (2%) with day 3 ET. In 10 of 18 pregnancies, MZT was observed in the setting of a higher order multiple gestation (6 of 11 for blastocyst transfer and 4 of 7 for day 3 ET). In the day 3 ET group, assisted hatching or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) did not increase MZT (4 of 213, 1.9%) compared to cycles without zona breaching (3 of 144, 2.1%). Similarly, in the blastocyst-transfer group, ICSI did not increase the incidence of MZT (4 of 74, 5.5% for ICSI and 7 of 123, 5.7% for non-ICSI IVF). CONCLUSION(S): Compared to day 3 ET, blastocyst transfer appears to significantly increase the incidence of gestations with MZT. This information should be taken into account when counseling patients about the pros and cons of extended culture.

Blastocyst↗

PubMed1998

Culture and transfer of human blastocysts increases implantation rates and reduces the need for multiple embryo transfers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the transfer of blastocysts on day 5, developed in sequential culture media, resulted in an increase in implantation rate compared with embryos transferred on day 3. DESIGN: Comparative study of embryo culture regimes. SETTING: Private practice assisted reproductive technology center. PATIENT(S): Twenty-three patients undergoing routine IVF cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Culture of embryos to day 3 in either standard culture conditions or a serum-free chemically defined medium. One hundred one embryos were subsequently cultured from day 3 to day 5 in a second serum-free medium specifically designed to support development of the blastocyst. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Embryo cell number and quality on day 3. Blastocyst development on day 5. Implantation rate (determined by fetal heart) and ongoing pregnancy rate (PR). RESULT(S): Implantation rates for embryos transferred at the blastocyst stage of development were twice that observed for embryos transferred on day 3, around the eight-cell stage. Significantly more embryos were required for transfer on day 3, compared with day 5, to establish similar PRs. CONCLUSION(S): Viable human blastocysts can be obtained in sequential culture media in the absence of coculture and serum. Transfer of blastocysts in IVF will facilitate high PRs while limiting the number of embryos transferred and therefore minimizes the risk of multiple gestation.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Blood on the embryo transfer catheter is associated with decreased rates of embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy with the use of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between blood found on the transfer catheter after ET and the rates of embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy with the use of IVF-ET. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary care center for assisted reproductive technology. PATIENT(S): Three hundred seven couples who underwent 354 ETs between January 1, 1994, and June 30, 1996. INTERVENTION(S): A semiquantitative system for recording the amount of blood found inside and outside the transfer catheter after ET. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate (PR). RESULT(S): Blood found outside the transfer catheter after ET was associated with decreased rates of embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy. In contrast, blood located inside the transfer catheter after ET, the type of catheter used for ET, the number of transfer attempts, and the time required for ET did not significantly affect either the embryo implantation rate or the clinical PR. CONCLUSION(S): Blood found outside, but not inside, the transfer catheter after ET is associated with lower rates of embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy with the use of IVF-ET. An emphasis on atraumatic transfer techniques, with prevention of bleeding at the time of ET, should contribute to improved pregnancy outcome with the use of IVF-ET.

Catheterization↗

PubMed1996

Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol esterification and transfer rates to lighter density lipoproteins in the fasting state and after a test meal are similar in Type II diabetics and normal controls.

Rates of ester formation from [3H]cholesterol and of [3H]cholesteryl ester transfer from the HDL-containing plasma fraction to lipoproteins of lighter densities (apo B-containing LP) and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration (CETP) were measured in normotriglyceridemic Type II diabetics (n = 11) and normal controls (n = 10) both in the fasting state and 4 h after a standard milk-shake test meal (50g of fat/m of body surface). The percent of [3H]cholesteryl ester synthesis was measured in a plasma [3H]cholesterol-HDL containing preparation incubated for 30 min and the [3H]cholesteryl ester transfer was measured upon precipitation of apo B-containing lipoproteins with dextran sulphate/MgCl2 following a 2 h period of plasma incubation with [3H]cholesteryl ester-HDL. The test meal significantly increased the plasma triglyceride concentration and to a similar extent in diabetics and in normal controls. Both a HDL-[3H]cholesteryl ester synthesis and transfer rates were equally stimulated in diabetics and in controls. When data were expressed by the concentration of plasma triglycerides, cholesteryl ester formation and transfer rates were similar in the alimentary and fasting periods, and when expressed per apo B concentration, cholesteryl ester transfer rates rose during the alimentary period in both diabetics and controls indicating that there was a net gain of cholesteryl ester per apo B lipoprotein. Plasma CETP mass, and neutral lipid transfer activity were similar in diabetics and normal controls demonstrating that the reverse transport of cholesterol through the apo B lipoprotein pathway is not altered in normotriglyceridemic Type II diabetics.

Apolipoproteins B↗