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We report the case of a 60-year-old man who developed visual and cognitive disorders. Investigations confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome even though the patient had a history of rectal cancer. The olinical course was favorable after treatment. We discuss the different clinical forms, imaging data and treatments of eosinphilic syndrome.
The severe course of disease in a patient with stenosis of the basilar artery, who was initially an in-patient at the author's clinic, is described and compared with the courses in 15 patients with angiographically proven stenosis or insufficiency of the basilar artery. The difficulties of diagnosis and in particular of differentiating the condition from hysteria are discussed.
Visually evoked potentials were studied in a group of ten patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. In all cases the results indicated an impairment of the optical system in relationship to the individual phase of the disease. This examination technique is a valuable aid in the early diagnosis and observation of the course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
As in the case in other organs, there are infarctions in the eye due to arterial sclerosis. Here, the classic risk factors apply. In addition to such infarctions, there are reversible perfusion disturbances caused by vascular dysregulation. These very frequently lead to slight, transient functional failures which are scarcely noticed by the patient. In more seldom cases, such dysregulation can contribute to the pathogenesis of various disease entities. Of these, the ocular vasospastic syndrome, migraine, glaucoma, apoplexy of the optic nerve, and vein thrombosis were examined.
Cataract is the first blinding disease in VIETNAM. Its frequency was studied in Central VIETNAM. Trachoma and xerophthalmia are very common. The evaluation of the prevention program against blindness in Central Areas of VIETNAM is set up. The authors point out an important improvement of the situation. Nevertheless they stress the necessity of carrying on the anti-trachomatous and anti-xerophthalmic campaign. A higher number of cataract operations could be performed since a sufficient number of operating kits was allowed.
Critical frequency of fusion of flashes (CFFF) was measured in children by CFFF-D device recommended for clinical trials by the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation (Protocol No. 4 of June 13, 1996). A total of 213 children with central and peripheral retinal abiotrophy, partial atrophy of the optic nerve, refraction and dysbinocular amblyopia, and healthy children were examined. The most expressed changes of CFFF were observed in children with optic nerve atrophy. The CFFF-D device provides reliable results for the diagnosis.
No matter how well known the causes of diabetic microangiopathy are, the growth factors responsible for the development of diabetic retinopathy are still not fully investigated; however, promising new concepts are presently in the experimental stage. Now known for decades, laser coagulation of the ocular fundus represents the only current method to stabilize a diabetic retinopathy or to treat an already existing diabetic macular edema. The results of almost all studies prove that besides an optimal management of metabolism timely begin of laser coagulation is of high priority. In addition to consistent therapy, continual follow-up of the patients is of importance, because recurrences can follow successful laser coagulation.
The authors present the results of multilateral orthoptic examinations performed in 72 persons who suffered an injury to the head. They present the signs of a "subjective posttraumatic syndrome". The patients have been divided into 3 groups in dependence of the severity of the trauma. The first group (light injuries) did not show any substantial changes, the 2-d and 3-d group exhibited an increase of the physiological exophoria as well as disturbances of convergence. There was also a lowering of the relationship between the convergence accommodation and accommodation caused by a decrease of the accommodative convergence. The patients showed also an increase or reversal of the relationship divergence--convergence.
SSPE, the incidence of which is highest in children of school-age, is relatively frequently associated with bilateral acute central chorioretinitis (30%). Less common are initial visual disturbances in SSPE resulting from inflammatory processes of the encephalitis affecting cortical (occipital) areas and the visual pathways. We report on 2 cases detected after the patients had difficulty in reading and non-characteristic visual field defects. The diagnosis of panencephalitis may be confirmed by electrophoresis of spinal tap and of the EEG. The course of the disease is delayed and frequently lethal. Undefined, and at times seemingly psychogenic visual disturbances in children should always prompt immediate and intensive diagnostic efforts including pediatric and neurologic examination.
The authors report the case of a 71 year-old woman presenting right velopharyngo-laryngeal and skeletal rhythmic myoclonus, associated with visual and phasic disorders. They appeared four months after an infarct in the region of the left posterior cerebral artery. The ischemia was of temporo-occipital location, very probably extending to the region of the left red nucleus, thereby interrupting the dento-olivary pathway. Several drugs which are usually active in the treatment of myoclonus proved ineffective. But carbamazepine at a dose of 600 mg per day was effective from the third day and remained so after seven months. It would seem to act by inhibiting the occurrence of paroxystic discharges of an epileptic type in the olivary body disinhibited by the underlying lesion.
At comparison of the data obtained in psychophysical and electrophysiological studies, disturbances were revealed of neurophysiological mechanisms of visual perception in children with the diseases of retinocortical tract. For compensation of the disturbances and development of perception a method is suggested of specific activation of neuronal formations based on their fundamental property--plasticity. The method consists in using rhythmical repeated stimulation of eyes with images which widely vary by the brightness, contrast, colour, form, orientation and spatial position in the visual field. Experimental verification of the method was conducted by a special program of correction studies with children having weak and residual sight. After 2-3 years of studies a significant increase was observed of probability of correct recognition of images by one parameter or combination of two parameters, increase of perception volume and improvement of its other properties. It is supposed that activation of sensory information processes lowers the level of deprivation and mobilizes reserve mechanisms of compensation in the projection and associative areas of the cerebral cortex.
Advising patients about means of rehabilitation is an important task for the ophthalmologist. There is a lack of up-to-date studies on the outcome of job measures for various ophthalmic disorders. In a retrospective study the charts of 334 patients (October 86-November 89) at the rehabilitation centre for adults with late onset visual impairment (Veitshöchheim) were analyzed. Retinitis pigmentosa, optic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy and refractive anomalies were the most frequent diseases (13-19%). In comparison to the other disorders the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is increasing. Other ophthalmic diseases (mainly traumatic injuries), macular degeneration, retinal detachment and primary and secondary cataract made up 6-9% of all cases. About half of the patients were legally blind (visual acuity 1/50 or worse), 20% severely visually handicapped with a visual acuity of 0.02-0.05, 24% had a visual acuity of 0.05-0.3. Regarding the age distribution the group of patients between 30 and 39 years of age was the largest followed by the group of the 25-29-year-old and, last, the group of the 20-24-year-old patients. Due to the high proportion of blind and severely visually disabled a basic rehabilitation (including mobility training, learning the Braille letters) was necessary in 62% of cases. The most popular job measure was the field of massage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The efficiency of a light amplifier system for the improvement of night vision has been tested on 30 normal subjects and on subjects suffering from night blindness including 36 patients with pigmentary retinopathy, 18 myopic patients with night blindness and 12 patients with senile cataracts. In all cases, the scotopic vision presented a great improvement and it reached up to half of photopic vision. The use of the light amplifier would certainly provide a considerable improvement for subjects suffering from night blindness and mostly for those suffering from pigmentary retinopathy. But two conditions are necessary for this: miniaturization of the device and absence of major macular lesions in the patient.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
From October 1995 to June 1996, 935 children (439 boys and 496 girls) aged between 5 and 18 years old (mean 11.6 years) were examined in their school in Saida (Lebanon) for visual disorders. All examinations were conducted by the same investigator (MK) and consisted of an evaluation of both external oculomotricity and visual acuity (VA) for far vision only. Sixty-five children were examined twice to check the validity of the results. The children were classified into two groups according to the findings: -Normal: children with VA above 14/20 degrees (the two eyes being equal or differing by less than 4/20 degrees) and normal oculomotricity. -Abnormal: children with VA below 14/20 degrees and/or oculomotricity disorder. Seventy percent of the ametropic group were unaware of their visual defect which can lead to the development of amblyopia. This is of importance, because the longer treatment for amblyopia is delayed, the lower the chance of complete recovery. We hope that this study will stimulate other studies, including those addressing all children over two years old, and that this in turn will lead to measures to improve the ocular health of the population.