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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Comparative evaluation of early vs. deferred vitrectomy in Eales' disease.

METHODS: 40 cases of vitreous haemorrhage secondary to Eales' disease were taken up for vitrectomy. Depending upon duration of vitreous haemorrhage patients were divided into two groups: Group I (20 eyes) - early vitrectomy group with duration between 3-6 months; Group II (20 eyes) - deferred vitrectomy group with duration of more than 6 months. All patients were followed up for a minimum period of 3 months following vitrectomy. RESULTS: Eyes in Group I showing a preoperative ultrasonic picture of complete posterior vitreous detachment, less mobility of organised vitreous haemorrhage and mid vitreous organisation on kinetic echography achieved a final visual acuity of 6/9 or better in 13 (65%) eyes as compared to 4 (20%) eyes in Group II (p<0.01). Poor visual outcome in the deferred group was secondary to cystoid macular oedema, macular scar, macular pucker formation and macular degeneration. CONCLUSION: Improved visual outcome in the early vitrectomy group was probably because the haemorrhagic blood and its toxic products had less time to damage the macula, a lesser incidence of macular traction and cystoid macular oedema.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Primary vitrectomy for pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments.

PURPOSE: To evaluate primary vitrectomy for the treatment of pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments. Primary vitrectomy may enable better identification of retinal breaks than scleral buckling procedures. METHODS: A prospective study was performed of primary vitrectomy for the treatment of 25 consecutive cases of pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachment. RESULTS: The primary retinal reattachment rate was 84% (21 eyes). Surgical failure resulted from new/missed retinal breaks (2 eyes) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2 eyes). The final retinal reattachment rate with further surgery was 96% (24 eyes). There were 7 macula-on detachments which all retained their presenting visual acuity. A visual acuity of 6/18 or better was achieved by 56% of the 18 macula-off detachments. Visualisation of the peripheral retina was impaired in 17 eyes and procedures to improve visualisation were performed in 7 eyes. Retinal breaks were detected in 16 eyes at surgery that had not been identified pre-operatively. Raised intraocular pressure was the most common complication, affecting 10 eyes in the early post-operative period. CONCLUSIONS: Primary vitrectomy offers certain advantages in the treatment of pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments. A controlled study is required to determine whether primary vitrectomy achieves a better outcome than scleral buckling procedures for these retinal detachments.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Nd:YAG vitreolysis and pars plana vitrectomy: surgical treatment for vitreous floaters.

PURPOSE OF STUDY: To determine the efficacy of Nd:YAG vitreolysis and pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of vitreous floaters. METHODS: This is a single centre retrospective study of 31 patients (42 eyes) who underwent 54 procedures, Nd:YAG vitreolysis or pars plana vitrectomy, for the treatment of vitreous floaters between January 1992 and December 2000. Main outcome measures were percentage symptomatic improvement following treatment and incidence of post-operative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Posterior vitreous detachment was the primary cause of floaters in all 42 eyes with co-existing vitreous veils in three eyes and asteroid hyalosis in two eyes. Thirty-nine of 42 eyes received Nd:YAG vitreolysis. Thirty-eight percent found Nd:YAG vitreolysis moderately improved their symptoms while 61.5% found no improvement. After an average of 14.7 months follow-up no post-operative complications were recorded. Fifteen eyes underwent a pars plana vitrectomy, one with combined phacoemulsification and posterior chamber implantation and 11 following unsuccessful laser vitreolysis. Pars plana vitrectomy resulted in full resolution of symptoms in 93.3% of eyes. One patient developed a post-operative retinal detachment which was successfully treated leaving the patient with 6/5 VA. CONCLUSION: Patients' symptoms from vitreous floaters are often underestimated resulting in no intervention. This paper shows Nd:YAG vitreolysis to be a safe but only moderately effective primary treatment conferring clinical benefit in one third of patients. Pars plana vitrectomy, while offering superior results, should be reserved for patients who remain markedly symptomatic following vitreolysis, until future studies further clarify its role in the treatment of patients with floaters and posterior vitreous detachment.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Two-port pars plana vitrectomy surgery: a prospective interventional case series.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Current literature review fails to disclose any series describing the use of two-port vitrectomy in adult patients. This study was performed to determine the feasibility and efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy surgery using two (rather than three or four)-port access for treatment of diabetic patients with nonclearing vitreous haemorrhage due to retinal neovascularization. DESIGN: Interventional prospective case series: to measure ability to allow for long-term resolution of chronic uncomplicated vitreous haemorrhage in diabetic patients, and to study the frequency and nature of complications associated with this technique. METHODS: Two-port pars plana vitrectomy (with endolaser treatment and membrane delamination if necessary) was performed in a prospective series of 12 consecutive diabetic patients with nonclearing vitreous haemorrhage due to retinal neovascularization. RESULTS: Successful removal of vitreous haemorrhage resulted in all patients. No visually significant intraoperative complications occurred. Best postoperative visual acuity correlated with lenticular and macular perfusion status. CONCLUSION: Two-port pars plana vitrectomy is an efficient (and potentially safer and faster) alternative to the standard three-port vitrectomy in selected patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Vitrectomy for diabetic cystoid macular edema -- results of 72 cases].

BACKGROUND: We evaluated visual outcomes after vitrectomy for diabetic cystoid macular edema and factors possibly influencing final visual acuity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studied prospectively, pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 72 consecutive eyes of 61 patients with diabetic cystoid macular edema not responsive to laser photocoagulation therapy. Vitreomacular traction was observed on biomicroscopy, B-scan ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography in 21 eyes, 15 eyes had a complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and 36 eyes had partial peripheral PVD. Vitrectomy with releasing vitreomacular tangential and axial tractional forces was performed. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months. RESULTS: The anatomical results were satisfactory in 69 of 72 eyes (96 %), the final visual acuity improved by 2 or more lines in 45 of 72 eyes (63 %), remained unchanged in 22 of 72 eyes (31 %), and deteriorated after surgery in 5 of 72 eyes (7 %), due to residual cystoid macular edema and massive macular hard exudates. The best results were obtained in edema with tractional predominance and in eyes with a duration of cystoid macular edema shorter than 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy for diabetic cystoid macular edema is an effective procedure for reducing the edema and improving visual acuity. Surgery was beneficial not only in eyes with vitreomacular traction but also in eyes with complete PVD. Visual improvement after vitrectomy is related to duration of edema, therefore the timing of the surgery is an important prognostic factor.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗

PubMed1995

[Vitrectomy in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Anatomical and functional results in 501 patients].

BACKGROUND: Modern vitreoretinal surgery allows a successful management of most cases of retinal detachment (RD) due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Failure of a vitrectomy in these cases is generally caused by a recurrence of PVR. Little is known about the postoperative 'life cycle' of proliferative cellular processes within the periretinal space. An adequate retreatment of PVR recurrences may improve the anatomical and functional results of a vitrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective study comprises 501 consecutive eyes operated for non-diabetic traction RD. Conventional retinal surgery preceded the vitrectomy in 36% of the cases. PVR was staged according to the classification of the Retina Society (14) with supplemental stages for 'anterior loop' formation, epimacular and subretinal membranes. The mean follow up of 139 eyes with one single vitrectomy was 24.2 months. The time-course of recurrent PVR in 362 eyes (72%, mean follow-up 34.2 months) was analyzed. Silicone-oil tamponade was used in 343 (69%) eyes. RESULTS: Recurrent PVR occurred predominantly within 1 to 9 months (median 1.8 mos) after vitrectomy. Latencies of recurrences did not differ significantly between PVR-C and D stages. Reattachment of the retina was achieved in about 85% of PVR-C and 70% of PVR-D stages. Anatomical results were better in non-traumatic RD cases. Final visual acuity of eyes operated since 1990 was 5/200 or better in 78% C-stages and 65% D-stages (follow-up of > or = 12 months). The final visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 33% of all PVR-C cases and 9.5% of all PVR-D cases. Significantly improved visual results were achieved in eyes operated with silicone oil tamponade, and in the later series of 279 eyes operated since 1990. The rate of postoperative total blindness was reduced from 16.7% before 1990 to 3.6% after 1990. CONCLUSION: Blindness due to traction RD can be avoided by vitreoretinal surgery in about 75% of PVR-C and over 50% of PVR-D cases provided that PVR recurrences are detected early and treated adequately.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Vitrectomy in Terson syndrome. Report of 18 cases].

A vitrectomy was performed in 18 eyes (15 patients) with vitreous hemorrhages due to Terson's syndrome. The average age of the patients was 46.5 +/- 14.4 years. The mean interval between the acute event of an intracranial hemorrhage and the vitrectomy was 6.8 +/- 4.9 months. The vitreous hemorrhage was associated with epiretinal membranes in 3, PVR in 2, and retinal breaks and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 3 eyes. The vitrectomy had to be combined with membrane peeling in 2, encircling procedures or exoplants in 4, cryotherapy in 5, endolaser in 1, and air/SF6 gas filling in 3 eyes. A missing or incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in 8 eyes was associated with a higher risk of PVR and retinal detachment. Two eyes with this condition needed 3 secondary operations. The mean follow-up duration was 32 (1 to 126) months. Two patients died 4 and 11 months after the operation. The visual acuity improved significantly following vitrectomy in all 18 eyes. The final visual acuity was better than 20/40 in 73% and 20/25 to 20/20 in 56%. The initial postoperative visual acuity decreased later on due to nuclear cataract in 7 of 10 eyes of patients over 45 years of age. A complicated cataract developed in only 1 of 8 eyes of younger patients who maintained a mean visual acuity of 20/25. Vitrectomy for Terson's syndrome is recommended in bilateral cases without spontaneous clearing of the vitreous within 3 months, as well as in cases with PVR and imminent retinal detachment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Pars plana vitrectomy in patients with intermediate uveitis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with intermediate uveitis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the clinical course and visual outcome following pars plana vitrectomy in patients with intermediate uveitis. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (43 eyes) were included in the study. Pars plana vitrectomy was combined with cataract surgery in 22 of 43 eyes. The intermediate uveitis was associated with sarcoidosis in 16 eyes and multiple sclerosis in five eyes, and was idiopathic in 22 eyes. The mean (+/-SD) follow-up was 45.6 (+/-38) months (range: 6-146 months). In 19 of 43 eyes (44.1%), there was improvement in the course of uveitis, allowing the discontinuation of immunosuppressive treatment in seven patients. Cystoid macular edema resolved in 12 of 37 eyes (32.4%). Forty of 43 eyes achieved a better or retained their initial visual acuity. The remaining three eyes deteriorated by two or more lines in the Snellen chart due to the progression of cataract, chronic cystoid macular edema, and glaucomatous optic atrophy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that pars plana vitrectomy may have a beneficial effect on the course of uveitis and the associated complications of cystoid macular edema, thereby reducing the need for long-term immunosuppression. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with simultaneous cataract surgery can improve the visual outcome in these patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Long-lasting contamination of a vitrectomy apparatus with Serratia marcescens.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contamination of a vitrectomy apparatus with Serratia marcescens. DESIGN: Descriptive microbiological and molecular environmental study. SETTING: An 1,800-bed university hospital. RESULTS: S. marcescens was found inside the vitrectomy apparatus at the pressure transducer. Molecular typing by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-automated laser fluorescence analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a single pattern for all strains isolated from the apparatus. Surprisingly, the contaminating strain was identical to two strains of S. marcescens isolated nearly 2 years earlier from two patients who were involved in a small outbreak of acute postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery at another hospital. The emergency vitrectomies in these patients were performed at our hospital with the same apparatus that was found to be contaminated 2 years later. CONCLUSION: Performing a systematic environmental search for the assumed bacterial reservoir within the system of the vitrectomy apparatus finally made it possible to find and eliminate the nidus for the gram-negative rod. Molecular typing demonstrated that all isolates belonged to a single genotype, and revealed unexpectedly a link to two vitrectomies performed 2 years earlier. The data support the hypothesis that the source of the contamination was one of these patients, and thus contamination of the apparatus was present for almost 2 years.

DNA, Bacterial↗

PubMed1994

Immediate pars plana vitrectomy in the management of inadvertent intracameral injection of gentamicin. A rabbit experimental model.

PURPOSE: Acute retinal toxicity secondary to inadvertent intracameral injection of massive doses of gentamicin is a devastating complication of cataract surgery, for which no treatment, to date, either surgical or medical, has been shown to be effective. A rabbit experimental model was used to examine the effect of immediate pars plana vitrectomy in the management of inadvertent intracameral injection of gentamicin. METHODS: Twenty-seven rabbit eyes were subjected to lensectomy with or without preservation of the lens capsule. Aphakic rabbit eyes and rabbit eyes with an intact lens capsule were then subjected to injections of massive doses (4 mg and 20 mg) of gentamicin into the anterior chamber. Experimental eyes underwent an immediate pars plana vitrectomy and posterior segment lavage. The rabbits were killed after 7 days. Light microscopic examination was then performed to ascertain the degree of retinal damage caused by the injection. RESULTS: Rabbit eyes receiving immediate pars plana vitrectomy exhibited far less structural damage to the retina, as seen by light microscopy, than did corresponding control eyes. Furthermore, there appeared to be a protective effect of an intact lens capsule with regard to retinal damage. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate pars plana vitrectomy and posterior segment lavage may alleviate the effects of intracameral injection of gentamicin. This preliminary study demonstrates the need to perform further studies with a vascularized primate retina to evaluate immediate pars plana vitrectomy in the management of inadvertent intracameral injection of gentamicin.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Vitrectomy without scleral buckling for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To determine whether complete vitrectomy with vitreous shaving and without scleral buckling (SB) is efficacious for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: Eight consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy with vitreous shaving and without SB for the treatment of PVR were studied. The PVR were classified as grade C3 in one eye, D1 in three eyes, D2 in three eyes, and D3 in one eye. The vitreous was used for gas tamponade for all of the cases. The anatomic success rate and the visual acuity before and after the surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: The anatomic success rate after the first vitrectomy was 75%, and 100% after the second operation. Preoperatively, the visual acuity was less than counting fingers in 63% and less than 20/200 in 88% of the eyes. Postoperatively, the visual acuity was 20/200 or better in 88%, and 20/100 or better in 63% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy with vitreous shaving without SB achieved approximately the same rate of anatomic success as vitrectomy with SB in eyes with PVR. Visual acuity was significantly improved postoperatively.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Treatment outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy for endogenous endophthalmitis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the causative organisms of and predisposing medical conditions in endogenous endophthalmitis and review visual acuity after pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: Records of 23 patients (32 eyes) who were diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis and treated at Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital from January 2000 to December 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Final visual acuity was followed up. RESULTS: Of these 23 patients, 19 (86%) had endogenous endophthalmitis confirmed with a positive smear or culture; 12 cases (63%) were due to fungi, 6 (32%) were due to bacteria, and 1 (5%) was a mixed infection (fungus and bacteria). Culture specimens from four patients, which were obtained by vitrectomy, were all positive, while their initial vitreous needle biopsy specimens were negative. Of the 20 eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy, 17 (85%) had anatomical success, and 16 (80%) gained visual acuity of counting fingers or better; of these eyes, 8 (40%) had visual acuity of 20/200 or better. CONCLUSION: Fungi, especially Candida albicans, were the most common causative organisms. The most common predisposing medical conditions were recent tumor surgery and intravenous administration in rural settings. Most patients with endogenous endophthalmitis who undergo pars plana vitrectomy will have useful vision (counting fingers). Vitreous specimens for culture that were obtained by vitrectomy were more sensitive in detecting the causative organism.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2007

25-gauge vitrectomy to treat ocular complications of familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

PURPOSE: Secondary glaucoma and vitreous opacity with amyloid fibrils are the 2 major ocular complications of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). We investigated the feasibility of 25-gauge vitrectomy in excising the opaque vitreous into eyes that had already undergone trabeculectomy. METHODS: For the purpose of vision recovery, 25-gauge vitrectomy was performed in 2 eyes with vitreous amyloidosis. Both eyes had undergone trabeculectomy to treat glaucoma secondary to FAP. The survival of the filtration bleb after 25-gauge vitrectomy was also evaluated. RESULTS: Vision improved dramatically on the next day after the 25-gauge vitrectomy that causes minimal damage to the eye. No apparent complications including failure of the filtration bleb have been observed throughout the follow-up period of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: 25-gauge vitrectomy has a potential to become a therapy of choice to excise opaque vitreous with amyloid fibrils in FAP, especially in the glaucomatous eyes that have already undergone trabeculectomy.

Amyloid↗

PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up and the role of vitrectomy in the treatment of perforating eye injuries without intraocular foreign bodies.

The long-term results of 292 consecutive eyes with a perforating eye injury without an intraocular foreign body treated with or without pars plana vitrectomy are reported. With the mean follow-up time of 31.0 months 45 eyes (15%) were enucleated and another 47 eyes (16%) were blind (visual acuity less than 0.05). The retina was attached in 87% of the non-enucleated eyes. The visual outcome was considerably better in eyes with anterior segment injuries (ASI) compared to posterior segment injuries (PSI). Eyes with primary vitreous haemorrhage had poorer visual prognosis than eyes without haemorrhage. Vitrectomy improved the prognosis of the former eyes, but in the whole series the visual acuity was better in eyes in which vitrectomy was not performed (not considered indicated). Of the vitrectomized eyes, 55% in the ASI group and 25% in the PSI group received useful vision (visual acuity greater than or equal to 0.05). Excluding the very late vitrectomies, a statistically significant correlation was found between the timing of vitrectomy and the late visual outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Efficacy of core vitrectomy preceding triple corneal procedure.

AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of core vitrectomy preceding triple corneal procedure (penetrating keratoplasty, extracapsular cataract extraction, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation). METHODS: Thirty one consecutive eyes of 31 patients with indication for triple corneal procedure were randomly assigned to either triple procedure with core vitrectomy (vitrectomy group) or without vitrectomy (control group). The success rate of IOL implantation, IOL positioning, intraoperative and postoperative complications, endothelial cell loss, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared. Follow up period was six months. Factors that may contribute to vitreous pressure elevation were also investigated in each case. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in each clinical parameter examined except a tendency of facilitating IOL implantation (p = 0.11). There were two cases of vitreous loss in the control group. Retinal detachment was not seen in any of the cases. The body mass index and age were related to higher vitreous pressure (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Core vitrectomy preceding triple corneal procedure is not necessary for all cases.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

A randomised controlled feasibility trial of vitrectomy versus laser for diabetic macular oedema.

AIM: (1) To evaluate whether vitrectomy is preferable to further macular laser in improving visual acuity and resolving retinal thickening in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) despite previous laser and no macular traction. (2) To determine the feasibility of further trials in this population in terms of magnitude of comparative clinical effect, rate of recruitment, and loss to follow up. METHODS: A randomised controlled feasibility study. Patients with DMO and a visual acuity of 0.3 logMAR (6/12) or worse after one or more macular laser treatments were randomised on a 1:1 basis to either pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or further macular laser. Patients with a posterior vitreous detachment, biomicroscopic evidence of retinal traction, or a taut thickened posterior hyaloid (TTPH) were excluded. Primary outcome measures were (1) best corrected logMAR visual acuity, (2) mean central macular thickness on optical coherence tomography, and (3) rate of recruitment and loss to follow up. Analysis was on an intention to treat basis. RESULTS: 19 patients were randomised to PPV and 21 to further macular laser. The mean baseline logMAR visual acuity was 0.65 (SD 0.28) for the group randomised to PPV and 0.60 (0.23) for the group randomised to laser. The mean change in best corrected visual acuity of the vitrectomy group was deterioration by 0.05 logMAR, while in the control group the mean change was an improvement of 0.03 logMAR. The median (interquartile range) baseline central macular thickness was 403 (337, 492) for the group randomised to PPV and 387 (298, 491) for the controls randomised to laser. The median change in central macular thickness from baseline to review in the vitrectomy group was a thinning by 73 mum (20%) and by 29 mum (10.7%) in the control laser group. This single centre was able to recruit 40 patients in 18 months with follow up of 82% at 1 year. CONCLUSION: A randomised controlled trial was found to be potentially feasible in this population, the rate of recruitment was however slow and one in five patients were lost to follow up because of death and ill health. These data provide little evidence in terms of visual acuity and macular thickness of any benefit of vitrectomy over further macular laser in patients with an attached hyaloid, DMO despite previous laser, and no clinically evident macular traction or TTPH.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment uncomplicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

A consecutive series of 114 eyes (112 patients) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment not complicated by severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy is presented (follow up 1 to 4 years; mean 19 months). The indications for vitrectomy fell into two main groups: (1) where the retinal view was poor and vitrectomy was required to clear media opacities to allow identification of retinal breaks (n = 62); and (2) where technically difficult breaks existed and vitrectomy with internal tamponade was used to relieve vitreoretinal traction and facilitate retinal break closure (n = 44). In some of these cases the need for scleral buckling was eliminated. A smaller third group (n = 8) existed where the position of the break(s) was uncertain in the presence of an adequate view. The success rate with one procedure was 74% and with further surgery retinal reattachment was achieved in 92%. At 6 months after further surgery, beyond which interval no new failures were encountered, best corrected visual acuity was improved in 92 eyes (81%), unchanged in 14(12%), and worse in eight (7%). We conclude that pars plana vitrectomy is an effective method for treatment of selected cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment not complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Combining phacoemulsification with vitrectomy for treatment of macular holes.

AIM: To describe the results of combined phacoemulsification, insertion of posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), and pars plana vitrectomy for patients with macular hole. METHODS: A case series of 89 consecutive patients with macular hole who underwent combined phacoemulsification, insertion of PCIOL, posterior capsulectomy, and pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS: 80 of 89 patients (89%) had their holes closed with the combined surgery. Four of the nine patients who failed had their holes closed with one further procedure. Of the 89 patients operated on, 61 (65%) had vision of 20/40 or better. Three patients (3%) had Snellen acuity of less than 20/400 postoperatively. Three patients (3%) developed retinal detachments, one with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Eight patients (9%) developed CMO. Three patients developed late reopening of their macular holes after remaining closed for 9 months or more. CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification, insertion of PCIOL, and pars plana vitrectomy surgery can be used to treat macular holes. Combining cataract surgery with vitrectomy surgery may prevent a later second operation for post-vitrectomy cataract formation.

Aged↗