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PubMedDate not supplied

[Management in nursing in the current state impoverishment of working conditions].

This study aims to provide reflection points on the nursing management process in the current state impoverishment financial conditions facing nursing work in a public health service in the State of Mato Grosso. We used the concepts of vulnerability, user rights and ethic to seek to understand how these concepts can broaden the view of citizenship in the search for better health care conditions for the users and workers in the institution studied. The blatant impoverishment of conditions that was detected point to the need for more awareness raising all levels where we think about, carry out and submit ourselves to the health care Nursing, working conditions, nursing ethics.

Brazil↗

PubMed2003

[Objective and subjective working conditions and psychophysical disorders].

The relationship between working conditions, psychophysical disorders, and employees' attitudes towards their jobs were analyzed in a pharmaceutical factory in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted using three instruments: guided observation of job processes, guided evaluation of health and safety conditions, and an epidemiological questionnaire (N = 377). Tasks were found to be automated to a considerable degree, but organization was basically Fordist. Strong associations were found between sets of job requirements and certain groups of health outcomes. In the study population, perception of the job (attitude, satisfaction, control, and social support) showed an association with certain health problems. The study concluded that both subjective and objective occupational conditions play an important role in workers' health.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The impact of fathers' physical and psychosocial work conditions on attempted and completed suicide among their children.

BACKGROUND: Adverse employment experiences, particularly exposure to unemployment and the threat of unemployment, have been strongly associated with several adverse mental and physical health outcomes including suicide. However, virtually no research has been conducted on the trans-generational impact of parental working conditions on attempted or completed suicide among their children. METHODS: We conducted a nested case control study based on a cohort, gathered in the western Canadian province of British Columbia, of male sawmill workers and a second cohort of their children. Physical and psychosocial work conditions to which fathers were exposed during the first 16 years of their children's lives, measured using the demand/control model, were linked to hospital suicide records (attempted and completed) among their children. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty children in the cohort attempted or committed suicide between 1985 and 2001. Multivariate models, with partial control for father's mental health outcomes prior to their child's suicide demonstrate, 1) a strong association between low duration of father's employment at a study sawmill and attempted suicide for their male children, 2) elevated odds for attempted suicide among female children of fathers' employed in a sawmill job with low control and, 3) a strong association between fathers in jobs with low psychological demand and completed suicides among male children. CONCLUSION: Exposure of fathers to adverse psychosocial work conditions during the first 16 years of their children's life was associated with greater odds for attempted and completed suicide among their children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Perceived control systems, work conditions, and efficiency among Swedish dentists: interaction between two sides of human resource management.

Two aspects of Human Resource Management (HRM), a main trend in modern personnel management, are considered in this study: A 'hard' version stressing performance monitoring and competition, and a 'soft' version stressing communication with employees. The aim of the investigation was to examine whether these two aspects of modern management are reflected in dentists' perceptions of differences in work conditions compared with other professionals. A questionnaire was answered by 312 publicly employed dentists and 3,600 other professionals in Sweden. The response rate was 66-77%. Effects from HRM on work, conditions and perceived efficiency were confirmed. The interaction effects, reflecting the duality of HRM, resulted in poorer work conditions, e.g. worse balance between effort and reward and worse opportunities for developing competence and collaboration in the workplace. This pertains especially in the case of dentists, where the positive effects of 'soft' HRM did not compensate for the negative effects of 'hard' HRM. Dentists in Sweden's Public Dental Health Service appear as a vulnerable group among Swedish professionals.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1988

Health hazards related to ergonomic work conditions.

Health hazards related to unsuitable ergonomic work conditions among female employees in Sweden are reviewed. The statistics on reported occupational strain injuries form an important source of information on prevention. The report rate is higher among men than among women, but in some high risk occupations the figures are similar. Reported cases concerning neck, arm and shoulder disorders constitute a larger proportion among women. This finding probably reflects differences in work load characteristics, women more often performing repetitive monotonous work tasks in the manufacturing industry. Serious ergonomic problems exist for women in the service sector although the statistical evidence for increased morbidity is not yet available.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed2005

Standing, sitting and associated working conditions in the Quebec population in 1998.

Working posture is an important determinant of musculoskeletal and vascular health. Knowledge of the context and type of postures is necessary in order to examine their associations with health-related outcomes. This study describes self-reported usual working postures in a population and their associations with other working conditions and demographic variables. The 1998 Quebec Health and Social Survey is a population-based survey of 11,986 private households in the province of Quebec. It contained a self-administered questionnaire, including an extensive occupational health section. The analyses in this study were limited to respondents with paid employment who had at least 6 months seniority in their current job, comprising 9,425 subjects. The overall prevalence of usual work in a standing posture is 58%; it is more common among men, workers under 25 years, those in the two lowest educational quintiles and those with incomes under 20,000 Canadian dollars. Only one person in six who works standing reports being able to sit at will. Women and men differ in the types of usual standing and sitting postures at work. Those who work standing and/or who work in more constrained postures are more likely to be exposed to other physical work demands, such as handling heavy loads, repetitive work, forceful exertion and low job decision latitude. The association between decision latitude and constrained postures is an important link between psychosocial and physical stressors in the workplace. In epidemiological studies, exposure covariation and interactions should be considered in the generation and interpretation of the associations between work postures and musculoskeletal disorders.

Decision Making↗

PubMed1996

[Work conditions and health status of workers in present-day production of disperse azo dyes].

The work conditions appeared to be unfavorable in modern production of dispersed nitro dyes, having up-to-date technologic equipment and automated control systems. The main occupational hazards are semiproducts (nitroaniline derivatives containing chlorine, bromine and cyanides) used as diazo components in dyes synthesis, dispersers based on sodium lignosulfonate, outlet forms of dispersed nitro dyes. Medical examination of the workers exposed to combination of chemicals amounting several times over the MACs proved frequent diseases of upper respiratory tract and cardiovascular system, functional disorders of liver and CNS, propensity for allergic conditions. Specific effects of dispersed nitro dyes and semiproducts of their synthesis on the red blood were methemoglobin formation, suppressed antioxidant activity of RBC (lower serum level of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid) and stimulated erythropoiesis in bone marrow (increased serum Hb and RBC count, reticulocytosis). The studies helped to elaborate well-justified complex of sanitary, hygienic, therapeutic and prophylactic measures to better the work conditions and prevent the occupational diseases among the workers.

Azo Compounds↗

PubMed2006

Psychosocial work conditions, unemployment, and leisure-time physical activity: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between psychosocial work conditions and unemployment, and low leisure-time physical activity. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENTS: The 2000 public health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study with a 59% participation rate. A total of 5,180 persons aged 18-64 years who belonged to the workforce and the unemployed were included in this study. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between psychosocial factors at work and unemployment, and low leisure-time physical activity. Psychosocial conditions at work were defined according to the Karasek-Theorell demand-control/decision latitudes into relaxed, active, passive, and job strain categories. The multivariate analyses included age, country of birth, education, economic stress, and social participation. RESULTS: In total, 16.1% of men and 14.8% of women had low leisure-time physical activity. The job strain (high demands/low control) and unemployed categories had significantly higher odds ratios of low leisure-time physical activity among both men and women compared with the relaxed (low demands/high control) reference category. However, the significant differences between the job strain, the unemployed, and the relaxed categories disappeared in the multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents with job strain or unemployment have significantly higher odds ratios of low leisure-time physical activity than the relaxed category. However, after adjustments for education in particular the differences disappear. Nevertheless, the results suggest that the association between psychosocial work conditions, which are often dependent on education, and leisure-time physical activity may be interesting to study in more detail.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Hospital injury rates in relation to socioeconomic status and working conditions.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the risk of work injury by socioeconomic status (SES) in hospital workers, and to assess whether SES gradient in injury risk is explained by differences in psychosocial, ergonomic or organisational factors at work. METHODS: Workforce rosters and Occupational Safety and Health Administration injury logs for a 5-year period were obtained from two hospitals in Massachusetts. Job titles were classified into five SES strata on the basis of educational requirements and responsibilities: administrators, professionals, semiprofessionals, skilled and semiskilled workers. 13 selected psychosocial, ergonomic and organisational exposures were assigned to the hospital jobs through the national O*NET database. Rates of injury were analysed as frequency records using the Poisson regression, with job title as the unit of analysis. The risk of injury was modelled using SES alone, each exposure variable alone and then each exposure variable in combination with SES. RESULTS: An overall annual injury rate of 7.2 per 100 full-time workers was estimated for the two hospitals combined. All SES strata except professionals showed a significant excess risk of injury compared with the highest SES category (administrators); the risk was highest among semiskilled workers (RR 5.3, p<0.001), followed by nurses (RR 3.7, p<0.001), semiprofessionals (RR 2.9, p = 0.006) and skilled workers (RR 2.6, p = 0.01). The risk of injury was significantly associated with each exposure considered except pause frequency. When workplace exposures were introduced in the regression model together with SES, four remained significant predictors of the risk of injury (decision latitude, supervisor support, force exertion and temperature extremes), whereas the RR related to SES was strongly reduced in all strata, except professionals. CONCLUSIONS: A strong gradient in the risk of injury by SES was reported in a sample population of hospital workers, which was greatly attenuated by adjusting for psychosocial and ergonomic workplace exposures, indicating that a large proportion of that gradient can be explained by differences in working conditions.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1991

Employee and job attributes as predictors of absenteeism in a national sample of workers: the importance of health and dangerous working conditions.

This study reports on research which looks for employee and job characteristics which correlate with absenteeism. A large cross-sectional national probability sample of workers employed for at least 20 hr per week is analyzed (n = 1308). The dependent variable is the number of self-reported absences during the past 14 days. Thirty-seven independent variables are considered. Ordinary Least Squares (multiple regressions), two-limit Tobits, and two-part models are used to assess the statistical and practical significance of possible covariates. Statistically significant predictors included health variables such as being overweight, complaining of insomnia, and hazardous working conditions; job characteristics such as inflexible house; and personal variables such as being a mother with small children. Variables reflecting dangerous working conditions appear to be the strongest correlates of absenteeism. Notable variables which do not predict absenteeism include age, race, wages, and job satisfaction. Future research should direct attention toward workers' health and working conditions as covariates of absenteeism, since they are strongly significant in this study and have been neglected by most absenteeism investigators.

Absenteeism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

["A nurse fed with pompous words": working conditions and the primary nursing demands at the beginning of the 1900s].

Working conditions of nursing personnel at the beginning of the century varied widely from hospital to hospital: the number of working hours could range from 10 to 15 hours a day, with up to ten fold variability of (overall low) salary. Social security, holidays and retirement pensions were just dreams. Nurses had no right to proper meals and had to sleep in crowded, noisy and unhygienic rooms: the relationship between these conditions and quality of care was often debated on professional journals and in the Parliament. Unfortunately nursing Leagues were reluctant to go on strike because they did not want to harm patients. Pressures were put on hospital administrators in order to obtain more human living and working conditions for nurses: strike and claims were considered detrimental for the mission of nursing. The claim for a set of rules homogenous all over the country was opposed with the reason that extra money spent for nurses, would have been subtracted from resources available for patients.

Female↗

PubMed2001

Support measures to improve night and shift work conditions in Thailand: a case study in a glass factory.

The present study aimed to examine the working conditions of shift workers in a multinational enterprise in Thailand and to identify practical support measures for improvements. A multinational, glass-manufacturing factory employing 1,500 workers was selected as the research site. Three shift systems in three teams were adopted. A direct observation study and a fatigue feeling monitoring study were carried out to compare the differences between different shifts. A 10-day time-budget study was conducted for 30 shift workers to know their work and sleep patterns. The direct observation study identified safety and health risks during the night work periods. The risks included insufficient lighting, height gaps on the floor, excessive exposure to heat, inappropriate workstations, and sleepiness and fatigue feelings among shift workers. Working consecutive double shifts and overtime work was often seen. An advisory meeting was held based on the study findings to assist managers and workers in improving their working conditions. A follow-up visit six months later confirmed that the glass factory implemented several improvements to help night and shift workers. It was concluded that the direct observation methods associated with the time-budget study were helpful for identifying practical action points and strengthening workplace initiatives.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Functional aging and work conditions in forensic workers].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate aging associated to work conditions. METHOD: Eight hundred and seven forensic workers answered the questionnaire "Work Ability Index - WAI". The ergonomic conditions were analysed using a job analysis method - AET (Rohmert & Landau). RESULTS: The largest number of employees were mainly submitted to cognitive demands at work. The most reported diagnosed diseases were: musculoskeletal diseases (and lesions), neurological (including emotional disturbances), respiratory, digestive, skin and cardiovascular diseases. The analysis of the logistic regression models showed that: female workers, those with longer time on the job and job title of operational helper, increase the odds ratio to present low or moderate WAI. DISCUSSION: The results point out the need to improve the working conditions. It is suggested the implementation of Specialized Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine Service, as it is demanded by the Federal Law 6,514 of 1977.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Work conditions and employees' self-set goals: goal processes enhance prediction of psychological distress and well-being.

Although previous theory and research suggest that employee well-being should be predicted by work conditions (viz., Karasek and colleagues' job demands-control-social support [J-DCS] model), other factors are also likely to be important. In this study, the authors consider correlates of employee psychological distress and well-being using a goal-focused approach grounded in Ford's (1992) motivational systems theory. Specifically, work conditions and midlevel work goal processes (WGP) were examined in a questionnaire study of health care employees. Regarding predictions derived from the J-DCS model, the authors found full support for the iso-strain, partial support for the nonlinearity, and no support for the buffer hypothesis. Of importance, however, WGP (i.e., cognitions and emotions involved in the pursuit of self-set work goals) explained variance in job satisfaction, burnout, depression, and somatic complaints, over and above that of the J-DCS model. This suggests that investigation of WGP can enhance our understanding of employee psychological distress and well-being.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Working conditions and workers' health impairments in drug distribution companies].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate working conditions according to hygiene norms and to determine health impairments of drug distribution companies' workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study was performed in summer of 2003 in drug distribution companies implementing good distribution practice. Study included 588 workers. Health impairments for technical personnel and pharmacists were revealed using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Microclimatic work conditions: temperature, humidity, air movement during summer season at 11% workplaces did not correspond to hygiene norms. The main health impairments for pharmacists were various ophthalmological disorders. For technical personnel main health impairments were musculoskeletal disorders, as back pain and varicosis. They are related with repetitive spinal column movements, incorrect weight lifting, long-fixed working position, etc. Based on criteria used for evaluation of workload, workers of drug distribution companies are attributable to strained work category.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Perimenstrual symptoms and working conditions among hospital workers in Quebec.

Perimenstrual symptoms are among the most common disorders of women. Seven perimenstrual symptoms were related to working conditions among 539 hospital workers in a retrospective cohort questionnaire study, as part of a larger examination of health problems and working conditions of Quebec hospital workers. Only 8% of women had experienced no symptoms of discomfort associated with their last menstrual period. Lower abdominal pain, the most common symptom (58% prevalence), was associated with lifting weights (usually patients) in a logistic regression adjusted for parity and contraceptive use. Back pain, leg pain, swelling, and headache were associated with indicators of time pressure and fast work speed. Back pain during menstruation was experienced by 44% of workers. Studies of the prevalence and etiology of back pain, a common occupational health problem among hospital workers, may be confused if perimenstrual back pain is not taken into account. Similar reservations hold for the results on other perimenstrual symptoms that are also likely to occur outside the perimenstrual period, such as leg pain, irritability, and headache.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Bases of measures aimed at improving working conditions for women employed in manufacturing of television sets].

Proceeding from hygienic, physiologic and ergonomic studies, a complex assessment of working conditions of female workers engaged in TV-set manufacture is presented. Major unfavourable occupational factors have been identified, among them there are work intensity, insufficient lighting of workplaces, their inadequate organization, induced posture during work at a conveyer with regulated movement rhythm. Profound computer-based studies of temporary disability rates have revealed a number of occupations for which temporary disability rates depend on female's length of service. The results obtained provide the basis for the development and introduction of health measures intended for further improvement of working conditions that promote reduction of temporary disability rates and have significant economic effect.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Hygienic evaluation of work conditions and morbidity parameters among workers engaged into oil and gas extraction in Kyrgyz Republic].

The article covers hygienic evaluation of work conditions and morbidity parameters among workers engaged into oil and gas extraction in Kyrgyz Republic. Work conditions are characterized by physical, chemical and psychophysiologic occupational hazards that, if long-lasting, could promote formation of occupational diseases. Results of the study helped to specify prophylactic measures.

Adult↗