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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The construct validity of the ischemic score of Hachinski for the detection of dementias.

Two hundred forty-one nursing home patients from the National Nursing Home Survey Pretest were assessed using the Ischemic Score of Hachinski. Medical chart diagnoses were used to classify those with and without dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the accuracy of the medical-chart diagnoses of dementia. The Ischemic Score failed to differentiate multi-infarct dementia from other types of dementias. Instead, the difference between the two dementia groups was in the direction opposite that predicted by Hachinski.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Construct validity of the MacAndrew Scale: secondary psychopathic and dysthymic-neurotic character orientations among adolescent male misdemeanor offenders.

The empirical validity of the MacAndrew Scale was investigated in 200 adolescent males convicted of misdemeanor offenses who were classified according to their pattern of alcohol intoxication. Classification results were comparable to those from studies of adult men--true positive = 80%, false negative = 20%, true negative = 81% and false positive = 19%. An empirical cluster analysis of factor scores from the California Psychological Inventory yielded 14 personality types. About 56% of these cases resembled two character orientations (Emotional Extraversion or Emotional Introversion) that were hypothesized by MacAndrew to mediate addiction-proneness among males. However, 38.7% of these subjects were not alcohol misusers. The hypothesis that Emotional Introverts tend to be classified as false negatives was not supported--true positive = 79% and false negative = 21%. Although MacAndrew's formulation of two character orientations has heuristic value, the present study found alcohol misuse among adolescents with other personality characteristics. Studies of nonoffender adolescent males were recommended to clarify the MacAndrew Scale's sensitivity to the character orientation Emotional Introvert. Consistent with earlier research, the present study found no evidence of high levels of emotional tension in the form of anxiety or depression among adolescent alcohol misusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Mental retardation as a Facade Self phenomenon: construct validation.

Predictions from Wagner's Structural Analysis theory were tested to validate a theoretical explanation of the personality of mentally retarded adults. The Rorschach and Hand Test were administered to 44 medical students and 60 institutionalized mentally retarded adults. Results coincided with predictions based on Structural Analysis. Implications of these results for the diagnosis of mental retardation were discussed. The potential of a special Rorschach Facade Self Index for differential diagnosis of other forms of psychopathology was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Construct validity of the Weigl Color-Form Sorting Test.

This research, conducted on 38 male psychiatric inpatients, replicated previous findings that inability to "shift" conceptual attitude on the Weigl Color-Form Sorting Test is consistent with indices often associated with cortical dysfunction, such as Bender-Gestalt recall, WAIS Similarities subtest scores, and age. Regression analysis yielded a multiple R of .52, with ability to shift predictable from the difference between WAIS Verbal IQ and subjects' age. The relationship between the Weigl and the Hooper approached significance, but that between the Weigl and Trail Making did not. The Weigl might serve as a non-verbal instrument to assess cortical dysfunction where inability to "shift" appears to tap a dysfunction in symbolic reasoning rather than spatial reasoning.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A construct validation study of the Human Figure Drawing Test.

To assess whether the Human Figure Drawing Test provides an assessment of nonverbal cognitive maturity, correlations for 31 youngsters who ranged in age from 6-0 to 10-10 on the Human Figure Drawing Test and the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC--R) were examined. Significant correlations were observed for each of the scales, but the value of .69 for drawings and WISC--R Performance IQs was significant, suggesting the assessment that these tests are largely nonverbal. Implications for the role of language were posited.

Art↗
PubMed1988

Construct validity of the Denman Memory for Human Faces test.

Assessed the validity of the Denman Memory for Human Faces (MHF) subtest employing a clinical sample. Factor analysis with marker variables was employed to establish the nature of the extracted factors. The MHF subtest, WAIS-R Verbal (i.e., Information, Vocabulary, and Digit Span) and Performance (i.e., Block Design and Object Assembly) subtests, the Wechsler Memory Scale Mental Control, Paired Associate Learning, 30-min Logical Memory, and 30-min Visual Reproduction, and Benton's Facial Recognition Test were subjected to a maximum likelihood factoring procedure with Varimax rotation. Four factors were extracted which accounted for 72.7% of the variance. Factor I was perceptual-organization, Factor II was verbal comprehension, Factor III was general memory, and Factor IV was attention-concentration. The MHF subtest achieved a substantial loading (i.e., 0.56) on the general memory factor along with Logical Memory (0.54), Visual Reproduction (0.51), and Paired Associate Learning (0.71). Clinical applications of the MHF were discussed.

Adult↗