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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.

1. Residents of a chronic care hospital (13 men of mean age 88.5 +/- 6 SD years and 13 women of mean age 86.5 +/- 6 SD years) who had multiple pathologies were assessed for leg extensor capability in several ways. 2. A custom-built rig was used to assess leg extensor power, that is, maximal power output over less than 1 s in a single extension of one leg. Performance measures were obtained by timing chair rises (from a standard chair 0.43 m high), stair climbing (four risers, total height 0.635 m) and a walk (6.1 m). For each measurement the best of several trials were recorded as definitive. 3. Leg extensor power was significantly correlated with all performance measures, but the performance measures were not related to each other except for chair rising and walking speed. 4. Women had significantly less extensor power than men, but their power explained more of the variance in performance, e.g. power accounted for 86% of the variance in walking speed. 5. There was no relation within the group between age and any of the variables measured. 6. Measurement of leg extensor power in frail elderly people may prove useful in focusing effective rehabilitation programmes.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and C: impact of combined restricted intake on functional performance in man.

A double-blind study of combined restriction of thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and C was carried out with 23 healthy males. During 8 wk of low vitamin intake, 12 deficient subjects consumed daily a diet of normal food products, providing maximally 32.5% of the Dutch Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamins B-6 and C. Other vitamins were supplemented at twice the RDA. Eleven control subjects consumed the same diet but with a supplementation of twice the RDA of all vitamins. In deficient subjects blood vitamin levels, urinary vitamin excretion, and erythrocytic enzyme activities decreased; in vitro enzyme stimulation increased. Vitamin depletion had no ill effects on health, physical activity, and mental performance. A significant decrease was observed in aerobic power (VO2max) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (p less than 0.001) of 9.8 and 19.6%, respectively. A combined restricted intake of thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and C causes a decrease in physical performance within a few weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Relation between open and closed kinematic chain assessment of knee strength and functional performance.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between concentric isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength values with the single leg hop for distance test, a closed kinematic chain activity. DESIGN: Correlational study. SETTING: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects for this study consisted of 37 college-aged volunteers (21 men, 16 women: mean age = 22.76 +/- 3.52 years, height = 169.90 +/- 10.60 cm, weight = 69.31 +/- 14.60 kg) with no previous history of injury to the lower extremity. INTERVENTION: Each subject performed three trials of a single leg hop for distance test for the dominant and nondominant limbs followed by isokinetic evaluation. Isokinetic strength was assessed with the Biodex System II Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex Medical Inc., Shirley, NY, U.S.A.) for the quadriceps and hamstrings at preset angular velocities of 60 degrees/s (5 repetitions) and 180 degrees/s (30 repetitions). Before testing, each subject completed a dynamic warm-up period that consisted of submaximal cycling at a fixed cadence of 60 revolutions/min followed subsequently by quadriceps and hamstring muscle stretching. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distance hopped in centimeters was converted to a ratio of the distance hopped to the individual leg length measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus. Isokinetic values were obtained for peak torque (Nm), peak torque/body weight (%), total work (Nm), and average power (W). MAIN RESULTS: Low to moderate significant relationships were found to exist between the single leg hop for distance test and the isokinetic variables for the quadriceps and hamstrings of both limbs at each test velocity. Significant correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.33 to r = 0.69 at 60 degrees/s and r = 0.33 and r = 0.67 at 180 degrees/s. Correlation coefficients were found to be statistically greater for the hamstrings than the quadriceps for total work and average power at 60 degrees/s and for peak torque/body weight, total work, and average power at 180 degrees/s (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Concentric quadriceps and hamstring strength seem to demonstrate a significant contribution to the single leg nop for distance test; however, the hamstring muscles may play a more important role during the propulsive phase, thereby enabling subjects to jump further.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The Myxococcus xanthus dsg gene product performs functions of translation initiation factor IF3 in vivo.

The amino acid sequence of the Dsg protein is 50% identical to that of translation initiation factor IF3 of Escherichia coli, the product of its infC gene. Anti-E. coli IF3 antibodies cross-react with the Dsg protein. Tn5 insertion mutations in dsg are lethal. When ample nutrients are available, however, certain dsg point mutant strains grow at the same rate as wild-type cells. Under the starvation conditions that induce fruiting body development, these dsg mutants begin to aggregate but fail to develop further. The level of Dsg antigen, as a fraction of total cell protein, does not change detectably during growth and development, as expected for a factor essential for protein synthesis. The amount of IF3 protein in E. coli is known to be autoregulated at the translational level. This autoregulation is lost in an E. coli infC362 missense mutant. The dsg+ gene from Myxococcus xanthus restores normal autoregulation to the infC362 mutant strain. Dsg is distinguished from IF3 of E. coli, other enteric bacteria, and Bacillus stearothermophilus by having a C-terminal tail of 66 amino acids. Partial and complete deletion of this tail showed that it is needed for certain vegetative and developmental functions but not for viability.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Fatigue and functional performance of human biceps muscle following concentric or eccentric contractions.

A long-lasting fatigue was measured in human biceps muscle, following 40 maximal isokinetic concentric or eccentric contractions of the forearm, as the response to single-shock stimuli every minute for 4 h. This protocol allowed new observations on the early time course of long-lasting fatigue. Concentric contractions induced a novel progressive decline to 30.2% (SE 7.8, n = 7) of control at 23 min with complete recovery by 120 min. Eccentric contractions lead initially to a smaller force reduction of similar time course followed by a slower decline to 40.0% (SE 5.1, n = 7) control at 120 min with recovery less than half complete at 4 h. A 50-Hz test stimuli overcame both fatigues, identifying low-frequency fatigue. EMG recordings from the biceps muscle showed moderate (<20%) changes during the fatigue. A visual-tracking task showed no decrement in performance at the time of maximal fatigue of the single-shock response. Because the eccentric contractions have a similar activation, a larger force, but much smaller metabolic usage than concentric contractions, it is concluded that the initial decline is related to the effects of metabolites, whereas the slower phase after eccentric contractions is associated with higher mechanical stress.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Enhanced functional performance characteristics of a new polysulfone membrane for high-flux hemodialysis.

Elimination of uremic solutes with molecular weights up to 60 kD, without significant loss of albumin is an important therapeutic goal to optimize outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients. To characterize a newly developed polysulfone dialyzer (APS-650) a comparative analysis was performed with a highly advanced polysulfone dialyzer (F-60S) including 22 stable chronic hemodialysis patients. Diffusive clearances were determined, and albumin loss was calculated. The elimination profile of uremic solutes up to 32.0 kD was assessed in vivo by sieving coefficients, clearances, and reduction ratios of beta(2)-microglobulin (11.8 kD), myoglobin (17.2 kD), prolactin (23.0 kD), and alpha(1)-microglobulin (32.0 kD). Hemocompatibility was tested in serial measurements of total white blood cell count, platelet count, C3a, and neutrophil elastase. No significant albumin loss was detected. Significantly higher sieving coefficients, clearances, and reduction ratios for proteins with molecular weight up to 32.0 kD were demonstrated with the newly developed polysulfone membrane. Both polysulfone membranes were equal concerning hemocompatibility parameters. The APS-650 dialyzer allowed optimized hemodialysis treatment with respect to clearance of medium-sized uraemic solutes by high-flux dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A life span perspective on patterns of physical activity and functional performance at the age of 76.

In a population study, involving 293 women and 233 men, the relation between level of physical activity in earlier life and both physical activity and performance at age 76 has been analysed. The life span was divided into five age periods from the age of 10 and described as competition sport, recreational sport, occupational physical load, household work and means of transportation. The results revealed that when all fields of activity were combined into a total measure of physical activity, created through weighting, the earliest periods alone could not explain activity patterns or performance late in life. After the age of 35 years in men and 50 years in women, however, the associations grew stronger and the activity level of the last life period (66-76) was strongly correlated to all variables incorporated in the study. When, on the other hand, each field of activity was treated alone, above all recreational sport turned out to be positively related to walking speed and physical activity at age 76 in both women and men for most life periods.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Prophylactic ankle bracing vs. taping: effects on functional performance in female basketball players.

Ankle support devices are commonly used for prevention and treatment of ankle injury, but the effect of these on sport performance has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different ankle support devices on four basketball-related performance tests. Eleven female basketball players underwent four performance tests (vertical jump, jump shot, sprint drill, and submaximal treadmill run) while wearing five different types of ankle support on both ankles (no support, tape, Swede-O-Universal, Active Ankle, and Aircast). Ankle support effect on overall performance was assessed using Friedman's analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks and on specific performance parameters using one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Overall performance was impaired by ankle support. The Active Ankle brace impaired performance the least out of the support devices. Vertical jump was less with ankle tape as compared with no tape (p < .05), whereas jump shot accuracy was better with tape as compared with the Swede-O-Universal (p < .05). Oxygen consumption (VO2) and energy expenditure were higher with the Aircast as compared with tape (p < .05). It was concluded that the use of ankle support by female basketball players does adversely affect basketball-related performance tests, and the prophylactic benefit of bracing needs to be weighed against performance impairment.

Adolescent↗