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Results for “pathological imaging data”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Human aorta: preliminary results with virtual endoscopy based on three-dimensional MR imaging data sets.

PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data sets to perform virtual intraarterial endoscopy (VIE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven female and 14 male patients (aged 9-86 years [mean, 42 years]) with various pathologic aortic conditions underwent three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging. With prototype software, VIE postprocessing algorithms (based on ray casting) were applied to the imaging data sets. Findings at conventional angiography were used as the standards of reference. RESULTS: The vessel wall was seen from the inside in each case, and the following pathologic conditions were depicted clearly: the two lumina in a congenial double aortic arch and the single lumen after correction, vessel narrowing in coarctations, characteristics of Leriche syndrome, stenoses, occlusions, and the true and false lumina of dissections. CONCLUSIONS: Limitations of VIE include the image quality of the original data set, the threshold chosen to minimize intraluminal artifacts, and the inherent smoothing of vessel walls.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Multislice computed tomography of the sternum: which image reconstruction do we need?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic value and to optimize image reconstruction for multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the sternum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients underwent MSCT of the sternum using a standardized examination protocol (4x1 mm or 4x2.5 mm collimation; 120 kV, 120 mAseff). Axial images with an effective slice thickness of 1.25 mm or 3 mm and an increment of 0.8 mm or 1 mm were reconstructed. Coronal and sagittal reformations with a slice thickness between 2 mm or 3 mm and 5 mm and a slice distance ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm (overlap 1 mm) were calculated. In all patients, additional plain film radiographs (n=9) or clinical follow-up data were available. Image quality was assessed visually using a five-point grading scale. RESULTS: In all patients, the correct diagnosis was established using multiplanar reformats (MPR) exclusively. Best image quality for MPR was achieved using a slice thickness of 3 mm and a slice distance of 2 mm. Images acquired with a 4x1 mm collimation proved superior to images reconstructed from data obtained with a 4x2.5 mm collimation. CONCLUSION: MPR from MSCT data are a valuable tool for the diagnosis of sternal pathologies. For best image quality the thinnest possible collimation should be chosen.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1998

Predictive signs of discogenic lumbar pain on magnetic resonance imaging with discography correlation.

STUDY DESIGN: The correlation between discogenic lumbar pain and disc morphology was investigated by using magnetic resonance imaging and discography. OBJECTIVES: To assess the various pathologic parameters seen on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with discogenic lumbar pain and to correlate them with observations on discography. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although numerous previous studies on the subject have been performed, the correlations between various pathologic findings on magnetic resonance imaging and pain reproduction by provoked discography have not been explained fully. METHODS: One hundred and one lumbar discs in 39 patients were studied with magnetic resonance imaging and pain provocation discography. When pain reproduction under discography was concordant, various pathologic parameters on magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed by three statistical parameters to determine the associated magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: Radial tears commonly are demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging in discs with concordant pain on discography. The presence of these tears is not a reliable predictor of a painful disc on discography. Although a high-intensity zone on T2-weighted images is a relatively reliable predictor of pain, the statistical values were lower than those in previous studies. Massive degeneration and severe disc height loss were rare in this population. These findings were good predictors of pain on disc injection. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lumbar intervertebral discs with posterior combined anular tears are likely to produce pain, the validity of these signs for predicting discogenic lumbar pain is limited.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Reversibility of experimental acute renal failure in rats: assessment with USPIO-enhanced MR imaging.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential reversibility of kidney lesions in an experimental model of acute renal failure using ultra-small particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This study was conducted in 21 uninephrectomized rats using a model of iodinated contrast media-induced renal failure. Thirteen rats received selective intraarterial renal administration of diatrizoate (370 mg/ml) and were compared with two control groups, including six animals injected with saline and two noninjected animals. MR imaging was performed 28 hours, 8 days, and 22 days after the procedure. Each MR session included axial and coronal T1- and coronal T2-weighted images before and after intravenous administration of 60 micromol Fe/kg of USPIO. The rats were sacrificed immediately after the last MR session for pathologic evaluation. MR images were qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted with respect to pathologic data, and differences were statistically studied. At day 22, histology showed 4 severely diseased kidneys with focal areas of necrosis, 5 mildly diseased kidneys with tubular vacuolization, and 12 normal kidneys. On quantitative data, a high correlation between the percentage of negative enhancement and histologic data was observed (P < 0.05). Qualitative interpretation showed a sensitivity and specificity of USPIO-enhanced T2-weighted MR images of 88% and 91%, respectively. Follow-up enhancement curves showed a constant increase of intrarenal USPIO negative enhancement in normal kidneys between day 1 and day 22, whereas all severely involved kidneys displayed higher USPIO negative enhancement at day 1 without significant changes over time until day 22. USPIO may be useful for in vivo follow-up of the reversibility of experimentally induced iodinated contrast media renal impairment in animals.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1995

Telepathology in Europe. Its practical use.

Progress in pathology is related to application of new biological techniques and impact of electronic devices affecting transfer of information and images. The increase of specification of all kinds of disease classification induces a specific need for data exchange and expert consultation. The momentary technical situation in communication lines connected with medical fields, especially pathology is characterized by parallel operation of two basically different communication systems, namely a) systems based upon computerized data exchange (E-mail, etc.), and b) systems working at public access, i.e. telephone lines and their successors (digitized network, satellite system). Practical use in telecommunication in pathology has been gathered nearly exclusively by use of the second (public) system, and includes intraoperative classification of histological images (frozen sections), expert consultations, panel discussions, quantitative measurements, and access to image data bank systems. The use of remote control microscopes has been reported to work without major errors from Norway and Switzerland. In Norway, images and diagnostic informations are transferred by use of broad band networks (satellite communication), whereas in Switzerland the digitized network ISDN is used. The experiences show clearly that remote control microscopes are practicable and reliable tools for daily diagnostic work of pathologists, and that the quality of the transferred images is sufficient to allow sophisticated diagnoses. Expert consultations are routinely performed by use of the common telephone network in lung pathology, and can not be underestimated in their impact on the daily work. Accuracy of diagnosis, quality of staining and tissue handling, and reliability of diagnosis are automatically improved besides the positive legal aspects.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2000

Pathology of small vessel stroke.

Disease of small intracerebral vessels is widely assumed to be responsible for the majority of small, deep-seated (lacunar) infarcts and primary intracerebral haemorrhages. Our present, limited understanding of the pathogenesis of these stroke subtypes, which together constitute up to one-third of all strokes, is based on a limited number of detailed pathology studies, supported by clinical, risk factor and imaging data. Further progress using these traditional approaches has been prevented by a variety of largely technical obstacles. It is suggested that advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of established and new animal stroke models, in turn linked to more focused human genetic stroke surveys, may hold the key to further insights.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗

PubMed2001

[Wedge resection for lung cancer].

The role of wedge resection in lung cancer is reviewed. In the past century, many reports appeared dealing with limited resection for lung cancer, and it is clear that wedge resection should be performed in patients who are considered at high risk for not tolerating lobectomy; still there is no prospective or even retrospective study on wedge resection carried out in candidates for lobectomy. In recent years, progress in imaging diagnostic technology using high-resolution computed tomography has increased the opportunity to diagnose early adenocarcinoma presenting as small ground-glass opacity (GGO) which could not be detected on chest radiographs. Some patients with GGO may become candidates for wedge resection in this century, if additional favorable data result from prospective studies relevant to imaging diagnosis, pathology, and prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2003

Association between right-to-left shunts and brain lesions in sport divers.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that healthy sport divers may develop clinically silent brain damage, based on the association between a finding of multiple brain lesions on MRI and the presence of right-to-left shunt, a pathway for venous gas bubbles to enter the arterial system. METHODS: We performed echocontrast transcranial Doppler sonography in 42 sport divers to determine the presence of a right-to-left shunt. Cranial MRI was carried out using a 1.5 T magnet. A lesion was counted if it was hyperintense on both T2-weighted and T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences. To test the hypothesis that the occurrence of postdive arterial gas emboli is related to brain lesions on MRI, we measured postdive intravascular bubbles in a subset of 15 divers 30 min after open water scuba dives. RESULTS: Echocontrast transcranial Doppler sonography revealed a right-to-left shunt in 16 of the divers (38%). Only one hyperintensive lesion of the central white matter was found and that was in a diver with no evidence of a right-to-left shunt. Postdive arterial gas emboli were detected in 3 out of 15 divers; they had a right-to-left shunt, but no pathologic findings on cranial magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the theory that right-to-left shunts can serve as a pathway for venous gas bubbles into the arterial circulation. However, we could not confirm an association between brain lesions and the presence of a right-to-left shunt in sport divers.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Cavernous hemangioma in internal auditory canal: case report and review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of cavernous hemangioma in internal auditory canal (IAC). METHOD: One case of cavernous hemangioma in IAC was diagnosed and treated. The clinical data including clinical manifestation, hearing tests, imaging findings and pathology diagnosis were reviewed. RESULT: The tumor was totally removed by translabyrinthine approach without any complication, such as facial paralysis or cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. CONCLUSION: Cavernous hemangioma of the IAC have arisen from vascular plexuses surrounding Scarpa's ganglion. It is a rare occupying lesion in IAC of benign nature. Early diagnosis depends on clinical manifestation and imaging findings. Subtle radiographic findings may help in differentiating these lesions from schwannomas. The ultimate diagnosis is made on pathologic examination of the tissues after surgical extirpation.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Computed tomography.

Although CT scanning has been available for less than 20 years, it has made a major impact on the practice of dentistry, particularly in oral and maxillofacial surgery, in the diagnosis and management of a wide variety of oral lesions. The use of computers to reconstruct x-ray attenuation data into an image allows the clinician to view pathology from many different perspectives, unobstructed by other anatomic structures, and to adjust contrast to concentrate on the soft-tissue and hard-tissue pathology in turn. Advances in computer software already allow three-dimensional visualization of pathology and anatomy, but additional refinements in this technology still are expected.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

[Virtual intravascular endoscopy in the renal arteries: a new way of observing 3-D-MIR angiography data sets].

PURPOSE: To determine the potentials and limitations of a recently developed algorithm for virtual intravascular endoscopy (VIE) based on 3-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance (MR) data sets. METHOD: The data from 6 patients derived from gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries were reviewed. All patients had unilateral or bilateral renal arterial pathologies (stenoses n = 2, aneurysms n = 4). Imaging was performed on a 1.5-T scanner using a 3-D gradient-echo MR sequence. The imaging parameters were as follows: TR/TE/flip angle 3.9/1.9/40 degrees, matrix 256 x 192, slice thickness 1.5 to 2 mm, FOV 32 cm, and 48 slices. Image acquisition time was 28 seconds under apnoeia conditions. A total of 60 ml 0.5 molar Gd-DTPA was injected during the scan. RESULTS: 3-D data sets could be obtained in all patients and postprocessed for VIE. The intraluminal vessel wall was depicted with high clarity in all cases. All pathologies that were not intraparenchymal could be easily seen. Limitations to the technique include the image quality of the original data set, use of the ideal threshold to minimise intraluminal artifacts, and a complicated prescription sequence. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that VIE can be consistently performed in the renal arteries using MR data sets acquired with a contrast enhanced 3-D gradient-echo technique. It provides a hitherto unused approach to viewing 3-D vascular MR data sets.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Preoperative imaging as the basis for image-guided neurosurgery].

With the progressive development of soft- and hardware, the acceptance of image-guided neurosurgery has increased dramatically. Additional image data are required to analyze the nature and the dimensions of pathological processes and the surrounding tissue. In this context, fMRI, SPECT, PET, as well as special modalities of CT and MR imaging, are routinely used. Secondary post-processing options are used to detect intracerebral lesions as well as adjacent functional eloquent regions in the parenchymatous organ pre- and intraoperatively. The integration of different image information guarantees the precise planning and realization of surgical maneuvers. The segmentation of interesting structures and risk structures, as well as their implementation in the neuronavigation systems, help to avoid additional intraoperative traumatization and offer a higher level of safety and precision. In this article the value and limitations of presurgical imaging will be discussed.

Brain↗

PubMed2002

Atlas-based segmentation of pathological knee joints.

Efficiency, comparability and simplicity are key aspects for user acceptance of surgical planning systems in the long term. Automatic segmentation and identification of geometric reference systems of the anatomical structures are essential to fulfill these requirements. A statistical motivated shape atlas of the knee joint, based on 235 normal and abnormal MR and CT volume sets, is constructed for automatic segmentation of CT image data. In the first step of the atlas construction, the bony structures of the knee were segmented semi-automatically and processed into a dense and a sparse triangulated surface mesh to obtain training data sets. To establish an inter-individual correspondence, a skeleton-based registration method is used. The registered sparse surface meshes are retriangulated to estimate a pointwise inter-individual correspondence. The shape atlas is build upon these correspondences and integrated into a segmentation algorithm. An iterative segmentation scheme is proposed, which consists of a combination of the iterative-closest-point algorithm for spatial registration and of a downhill-simplex optimization procedure for deformation of the statistical motivated shape atlas to the image data. We expect the statistical shape model to be a robust and image modality independent method for the segmentation of pathological knee joints in CT image data.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗

PubMed1994

A pathologist-designed imaging system for anatomic pathology signout, teaching, and research.

Pathology images are derived from gross surgical specimens, light microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, molecular diagnostic gels, flow cytometry, image analysis data, and clinical laboratory data in graphic form. We have implemented a network of desktop personal computers (PCs) that allow us to easily capture, store, and retrieve gross and microscopic, anatomic, and research pathology images. System architecture involves multiple image acquisition and retrieval sites and a central file server for storage. The digitized images are conveyed via a local area network to and from image capture or display stations. Acquisition sites consist of a high-resolution camera connected to a frame grabber card in a 486-type personal computer, equipped with 16 MB (Table 1) RAM, a 1.05-gigabyte hard drive, and a 32-bit ethernet card for access to our anatomic pathology reporting system. We have designed a push-button workstation for acquiring and indexing images that does not significantly interfere with surgical pathology sign-out. Advantages of the system include the following: (1) Improving patient care: the availability of gross images at time of microscopic sign-out, verification of recurrence of malignancy from archived images, monitoring of bone marrow engraftment and immunosuppressive intervention after bone marrow/solid organ transplantation on repeat biopsies, and ability to seek instantaneous consultation with any pathologist on the network; (2) enhancing the teaching environment: building a digital surgical pathology atlas, improving the availability of images for conference support, and sharing cases across the network; (3) enhancing research: case study compilation, metastudy analysis, and availability of digitized images for quantitative analysis and permanent/reusable image records for archival study; and (4) other practical and economic considerations: storing case requisition images and hand-drawn diagrams deters the spread of gross room contaminants and results in considerable cost savings in photographic media for conferences, improved quality assurance by porting control stains across the network, and a multiplicity of other advantages that enhance image and information management in pathology.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1993

SWISS-2DPAGE: a database of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images.

This publication presents the SWISS-2DPAGE database which gathers data on proteins identified on various two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) maps. Each SWISS-2DPAGE entry contains data on one protein, including mapping procedures, physiological and pathological data and bibliographical references, as well as several 2-D PAGE images showing the protein location. Links are also provided to other databases such as SWISS-PROT, EMBL, PROSITE and OMIM. The database has been set up on a server which may be accessed from any computer connected to the internet and it also makes it possible to display the theoretical location of proteins, the positions of which are not yet known on the 2-D PAGE.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed2003

Characteristics of Rathke's cleft cyst in MR imaging.

PURPOSE: Symptoms, macroscopic appearances and microscopic findings of Rathke's cleft cysts with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the data from 31 patients with pathologically confirmed Rathke's cleft cysts. MR appearances were evaluated on T1WI, T2WI and contrast T1WI. Symptoms, macroscopic appearances and pathological findings were obtained from available medical records. We analyzed the images according to the following criteria: 1. findings on the location and shape of the lesions and form of the lesional wall; 2. the relationship between the maximum diameter of the lesions and symptoms; 3. the relationship between MR and macroscopic appearance; 4. the sites of adjacent contrast enhancement. RESULTS: The lesions were located mostly in both the intrasellar and suprasellar regions for a total of 87%. All lesions revealed either an oval or dumbbell shape with a smooth lesional wall. When correlated with physical symptoms, asymptomatic cases were associated with smaller lesions, while visual disturbances and dizziness were associated with relatively larger lesions. MR lesion signal intensity was related to the content of macroscopic appearance to some degree: the selected lesions showed shortening of T1 and T2 relaxation times in relation to the increase in protein concentration. This should have been macroscopically reflected in the color and turbidity of the liquid within the cyst. Adjacent contrast enhancement around the lesion was found at various sites, but anterior enhancement was most frequent. Circumferential enhancement was revealed to be derived from inflammatory changes. CONCLUSION: Rathke's cleft cyst exhibits a varied MR signal. It may be difficult to differentiate from craniopharyngioma from the intensity alone.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Subcortical dementia of the Neumann type. Contribution of diagnostic imaging].

A 36 year-old patient presented with a dementia of frontal type, gait disturbances, incontinence and a pseudo-bulbar palsy, which caused death at age 40. Brain biopsy of the frontal lobe showed an extensive deep subcortical gliosis. A high level of GFAP was detected by immunoblotting in the biopsy. Clinical and neuropathological observations are similar to cases described as Neumann Progressive Subcortical Gliosis. Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography showed a bilateral frontotemporal hypoperfusion, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging large periventricular and subcortical hyperintensities in both hemispheres, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The hyperintensities on T2-weighted MR images might be related to the intense gliosis. The contribution of such imaging data to diagnosis must be confirmed by other clinico-pathological cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Utilization of CT image data for preparation of thermoradiotherapy].

Medical imaging procedures are providing qualitative and, increasingly, quantitative diagnostic information on the morphology and function of the human organism. As possibilities for communication and data processing continue to grow, they are also being applied in the field of therapy. Taking combined local radiotherapy and thermotherapy for the treatment of uterine carcinoma as an example, this paper describes the integration of the biological-pathological situation into the modelling of isothermal profiles using the patient's image data.

Body Temperature Regulation↗