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PubMed2006

[Physical and psychological therapy of adolescents with deformities of spinal cord and other inborn anomalies].

A group of 103 adolescents who have been exposed to war trauma was examined by a specialist of physical medicine and rehabilitation and pedagogue-psychologist, in relation to deformities of spinal cord and other inborn anomalies. Repeated screening and retest on the level of stress and depression was done after two years. In the meantime, majority of adolescents was on physical and psychological treatment. It was established that 47 adolescents (45.6%) have simultaneously had flat back and flat feet, and that 12 of them (25.5%) from the same group had had 4 traumatic experiences. During the first testing, the medium stress level was established with 48 adolescents (46.6%), and during the retest this was established with 60 adolescents (58.2%). At the same time, we used Birleson scale of depression and established that 57 (55.3%) adolescents have had normal results; after the retest 66 (64.1%) adolescents have had normal result and this difference is statistically significant (p<0.002). When we analyzed diagnosis after the two screenings we did not found significant differences. Based on the results of this research, better programs for the team work with adolescents with deformities of spinal cord and depression can be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Psychological profile of adolescent girls victim of sexual abuse and under the protection of child services].

This study examines the symptoms of 30 adolescent girls who are under child protection care following sexual assault. In addition to describing the psychological profile of these adolescents, the study describes the sexual abuse, services received, and identifies factors that are likely to be linked to symptoms. Results show that adolescents present many psychological problems and that the majority experience distress necessitating clinical attention. Sexual abuses are at the extreme end of the large continuum reported in the literature and services are infrequent and irregular. Symptoms are associated with the time elapsed since the last sexual abuse and with services received. The discussion highlights the importance of adequacy between services and psychological profile of each adolescent while suggesting a model of recovery.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1997

Psychological functioning of adolescent and young adult survivors of pediatric malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the psychological functioning of adolescent and young adult survivors of pediatric malignancy, and identify risk factors for maladjustment. DESIGN: Patients age > or = 14.5 years (N = 161) receiving surveillance follow-up at a major pediatric cancer center completed the SCL-90-R, a self-report measure of psychological symptomatology. Comparisons were made with the normative standardization sample, and the relationship of selected demographic and medical variables with psychological distress was explored using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Survivors mean scores on all SCL-90-R subscales were lower than those of the standardization sample, and the distribution of scores on the Anxiety, Psychoticism, Global severity Index, and Positive Symptom Total scales were significantly below normative values. No SCL-90-R subscale displayed an excessive frequency of clinically elevated scores. For patients who displayed clinical elevations on the SCL-90-R, three factors were identified which were associated with increased risk of maladjustment; older patient age at follow-up, more frequent disease relapse, and more severe functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: This cohort of childhood cancer survivors is characterized by very low levels of psychological distress and significantly better psychological health than would be expected according to normative data. These findings contrast with those of another study from the same institution in which a fourfold increase in social and behavioral problems was found amongst younger survivors, in the age range 7-15. The use of self-report vs. parent-report, and the potential influence of repressive adaptation on the self-reports of pediatric cancer survivors, are raised as possible explanations for these findings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Perceptions of parenthood among adolescent fathers.

To investigate perceptions of parenthood among adolescent fathers, we studied three groups of first-time fathers: adolescent fathers with adolescent partners (n = 21), adult fathers with adolescent partners (n = 14), and adult fathers with adult partners (n = 55). Subjects were interviewed during the immediate postpartum period and then again 3 months later. Group differences were noted concerning items related to paternal involvement, sex stereotypic behaviors, and stress, but not concerning preparation for parenthood. Fathers' perceptions appeared to be influenced by both their ages and those of the mothers as well as an interaction between these two fathers (adult fathers with adolescent partners v adult fathers with adult partners). Our results suggest that fathers with adolescent partners may benefit from interventions designed to promote more active involvement in parenthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

A longitudinal study of perceived parental psychological control and psychological well-being in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.

On two occasions separated by one year, Chinese adolescents (N = 2,758) responded to instruments measuring their perceived parental psychological control and psychological well-being, including hopelessness, mastery, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that perceived parental psychological control was concurrently related to adolescent psychological well-being at Time 1 and Time 2. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the relationships between perceived parental psychological control and adolescent psychological well-being over time were bidirectional in nature. Regarding the differential contribution of paternal and maternal psychological control to adolescent psychological well-being over time, paternal psychological control at Time 1 predicted changes in adolescent life satisfaction at Time 2, particularly for adolescent girls. On the other hand, maternal psychological control at Time 1 predicted changes in adolescent self-esteem at Time 2. Relative to those conditions in which one or none of the adolescents' parents was perceived to display high psychological control at Time 1, the psychological well-being of adolescents at Time 2 was poorer under the condition in which both parents were perceived to display high levels of psychological control at Time 1. The clinical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Adolescent drug use, psychological distress, and physical symptoms.

The longitudinal interrelationships among general drug use, psychological distress, and physical symptoms were investigated in a three wave panel study of a community sample of adolescents interviewed when they were 12, 15, and 18 years of age. Results did not provide any support for the hypothesis that adolescents use drugs in general to cope with pre-existing psychological distress and physical symptoms. In contrast, the results supported the hypothesis that general drug use contributes to physical and psychological impairments over time. However, such drug-induced psychological distress and physical symptoms only occurred in later adolescence (from ages 15 to 18), and no evidence of impairments due to general drug use or specific alcohol use was found in early adolescence (from ages 12 to 15). Psychological distress and physical symptoms influenced each other over time, and physical symptoms partially mediated longitudinal changes in psychological distress. However, general drug use did not mediate any longitudinal changes in psychological distress and physical symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Glycosylated hemoglobin and psychological adjustment in adolescents with diabetes.

The relationships between glycosylated hemoglobin levels as an index of metabolic control, life events occurring in the previous year, and general adjustment in the areas of attitude towards diabetes, independence, peer, school, and family relationships were investigated in 37 adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The number or type of life events did not show a relationship with metabolic control. As measured by the Sullivan Diabetic Adjustment Scale, diabetic adolescents who were in better metabolic control reported more conflict regarding family relationships and issues of independence than did those in lesser control.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

The validity of adolescent types of alcohol use.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol is the most frequently used substance among adolescents with different patterns of consumption. Various types of adolescent alcohol use have been proposed, but only a few studies have looked for external validation of these types. METHOD: Data from 794 adolescents participating in the Zurich Adolescent Psychology and Psychopathology Study (ZAPPS) were used to evaluate the discriminant validity of the classification of four types of adolescent drinkers: abstainers, social drinkers, heavy drinkers, and problem drinkers. Data were based on questionnaires dealing with substance abuse, emotional and behavioral problems, life events, coping capacity, self-related cognitions, perceived parental behavior, perceived school environment, and the social network. RESULTS: There was a clear differentiation of the problem drinkers' group on almost all dimensions of the emotional and behavioral problems questionnaires, with the heavy drinkers' profile situated in between on some dimensions, and the abstainers and social drinkers almost ideally meeting the expectation of a mean normal population profile. Problem drinkers were also marked by high life impact scores, low self-esteem, high self-awareness, low perceived parental acceptance and high amount of rejection by the parents, and various indicators of a stressful and less rewarding school environment. Again, the heavy drinkers were positioned on an intermediate level on some of these scales, whereas the abstainers and social drinkers scored more normally. CONCLUSION: These findings support the validity of the distinction of various adolescent alcohol use types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[The "troubled" child from the existential analysis viewpoint].

Fundamental principles of the "Logotherapy and Existential Analysis", which was founded by FRANKL and further developed by LANGLE, are examined from the view of the Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology with regard to theoretical aspects as well as to their practice-oriented relevance for the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatry. Applying the "existential analytic diagnostic scheme" central subject-matters of finding the purpose in life as personal and existential basic motivations are considered in the differential-diagnostic proceedings and permits--as demonstrated by examples--a holistic consideration of specific problems. The indication of a functional, counseling-attendant or psychotherapeutic intervention depends on the impairment in the dimensions of personal and/or existential meaning-frustration. Finally the significance of personal attitude towards differential diagnosis as well as towards the motivation for therapy is emphasized, a criterion non considered in actual versions of international diagnostic schemes as ICD-10 or DSM-IV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Family processes that shape the impact of interparental conflict on adolescents.

This study draws on the family systems concepts of triangulation and wholism to investigate how interparental conflict may affect adolescents' psychological adjustment. An ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample (N = 388) of 14- to 18-year-olds completed measures of interparental conflict, family relationships, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. We found that triangulation into parental disagreements mediated the association between parental conflict and both internalizing and externalizing problems. Adolescents exposed to more frequent, intense, and poorly resolved conflict were more likely to feel triangulated, but this association was moderated by the nature of the alliances they had with their parents. Specifically, at low levels of interparental conflict, adolescents who had substantially stronger alliances with one parent than the other reported greater triangulation than those with more balanced alliances. At high levels of conflict, these groups reported similar degrees of triangulation. We also found that supportive parent-child relationships reduced adolescents' appraisals of threat and self-blame for interparental conflict, while more empathic relationships with siblings increased these appraisals. Finally, close relationships with fathers acted as a protective factor that reduced symptoms of maladjustment.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2002

Illness uncertainty, perceived control, and psychological distress among adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

This study examined the relationship between illness uncertainty, perceived control, and psychological distress among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Sixty-eight adolescents age 13 to 18 years with type 1 diabetes completed the Children's Uncertainty in Illness Scale, the Perceived Control Scale Media Relations, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Increased uncertainty was significantly associated with both decreased perceived control and increased psychological distress. Further analyses indicated that the relationship between illness uncertainty and psychological distress was direct and was not mediated or moderated by perceived control. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at managing uncertainty may help decrease psychological distress among adolescents with diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1956

Normal psychological changes in adolescence.

It behooves physicians to be aware that adolescents are different people, that they have a vast capacity for change, that they often exhibit the sickest kind of behavior, which may be very frightening to us and to them. Physicians have to be able to wait and not become panicked by the turbulences, confusions, and contradictions that mark the adolescent's behavior; to keep in mind at all times that much of what is going on is relatively normal behavior in the drive toward maturation and adulthood; that the adolescent has to cope with his sexual drive which is continually frustrated, that he has to cope with the problems of emancipation from parental authority, that he has to cope with an aggressive drive to achieve and to dominate.Parents, too, have to be understanding and ready to render unselfish support, for they continue to be the source of strength and security, and even the source of healthy restrictions. Adults must be aware that the adolescent struggles with his conscience and its dictates, and we should look upon cliques, groups and clubs as a healthy assistance in the preservation of standards, ethics, and mores.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Assaultive violence in the community: psychological responses of adolescent victims and their parents.

PURPOSE: This article presents an overview of psychological responses to injuries due to assaultive violence, particularly gunshot wounds, in adolescents and parents. METHODS: Reviews were conducted of the psychological, medical, and public health literature to identify studies of violent injury in adolescent populations. Studies reviewed in this article include those reporting levels of gunshot and other violent injuries among pediatric patients in urban hospitals and those examining psychological responses of children and parents to violent injury and parental responses to potential death of a child. RESULTS: Existing literature indicates that the number of adolescent victims of assaultive violence is increasing. Adolescent victims of assaultive violence and their parents may experience significant psychological distress including school difficulties, guilt and fears of subsequent injury, and changes in risk behaviors and perceptions of life. CONCLUSION: Greater awareness of the psychological repercussions of injury due to assaultive violence for adolescents and their families is needed among medical professionals. Hospital based interventions, which may include psychological support for adolescents and their parents and referrals for academic evaluation and assistance, should be developed for adolescent trauma victims and their families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The influence of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, family environment, and gender on the psychological adjustment of adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the current study was to examine the contributions of sexual abuse, physical abuse, family cohesion, and conflict in predicting the psychological functioning of adolescents. Additional analyses were conducted to determine whether adolescent victims of child sexual abuse and physical abuse perceive their family environments as more conflictual and less cohesive than nonabused adolescents. METHOD: Participants were 131 male and female adolescents, ages 16 years to 18 years, receiving services at a residential vocational training program. Participants completed well established psychological assessment tools to assess abuse history, family environment characteristics, and current adjustment. RESULTS: Physically abused adolescent females perceived their family environments as more conflictual and less cohesive than females without physical abuse, and sexually abused females perceived their family environments as more conflictual and less cohesive than females without sexual abuse. Physically abused adolescent males reported more conflict than males without physical abuse, but did not differ with regard to cohesion. Adolescent males with and without a sexual abuse history did not differ on the family dimensions. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both conflict and cohesion, in addition to a history of sexual and physical abuse, predicted depression and distress. Separate analyses by gender revealed these variables differentially impact adjustment in male and female adolescents. Results of a power analysis indicated sufficient power to detect these differences. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that in addition to child sexual abuse and physical abuse, family conflict and cohesion are risk factors for the development of psychological distress and depression in adolescence. Implications for treatment and directions for future research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗