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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Oversight of research involving the dead.

Research involving the dead, especially heart-beating cadavers, may facilitate the testing of potentially revolutionary and life-saving medical treatments. However, to ensure that such research is conducted ethically, it is essential to: (1) identify appropriate standards for this research and (2) assign institutional responsibility and a mechanism for oversight. Protocols for research involving the dead should be reviewed by a special committee and assessed according to nine standards intended to ensure scientific merit, to protect deceased patients and their families, and to promote institutional integrity and responsibility. Federal regulation of research involving the dead will foster appropriate standards and, equally importantly, help establish the acceptability of such research.

Advance Directive Adherence↗
PubMed1998

Compliance with do-not-resuscitate orders for hospitalized patients transported to radiology departments.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effectiveness of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders during transport of hospitalized patients away from their rooms. OBJECTIVE: To determine compliance with DNR orders in radiology departments. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: 248 hospital-based radiology departments. PARTICIPANTS: 248 radiology department representatives. MEASUREMENTS: 10-item questionnaire examining the response of radiology personnel to patients with DNR orders who experience cardiopulmonary arrest. RESULTS: Written DNR protocols and structured procedures for communicating DNR status were used by 18.5% (CI, 13.7% to 23.4%) and 18.1% (CI, 13.3% to 23.0%) of departments, respectively. Medical chart review was the only source of information on DNR status for 41.5% (CI, 35.4% to 47.7%) of departments. It was found that 20.2% of respondents (CI, 15.2% to 25.2%) would resuscitate patients with DNR orders and that 38.3% (CI, 32.3% to 44.4%) had resuscitated patients with DNR orders in the past. CONCLUSIONS: Most radiology departments do not have formal procedures to prevent patients from undergoing unwanted or inappropriate resuscitative interventions, and DNR orders are frequently overruled.

Advance Directive Adherence↗
PubMed1997

To resuscitate or not ... in the operating room: the need for hospital policies for surgeons regarding DNR orders.

As more Americans have become aware of end-of-life planning, health care professionals are faced with more "Do Not Resuscitate" orders. A patient with a terminal condition who has signed such an order may enter the operating room for a surgical procedure; few hospitals have developed protocols to assist the medical staff. In most hospitals, it is unclear whether the medical staff should honor the "DNR" or follow the traditional resuscitation protocol of the operating room.

Advance Directive Adherence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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Advance Directive Adherence↗
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Advance Directive Adherence↗
PubMed2001

Knight v. Beverly Health Care Center: in the Supreme Court of Alabama.

HELD: Before tube feeding may be withdrawn from a person who is unconscious, pursuant to the directives of a living will, there must be a finding by clear and convincing evidence that the patient is in a "persistent vegetative state" as defined in her living will, or in a "permanent unconscious state" as defined by state statute.

Advance Directive Adherence↗
PubMed2001

Outcomes of written living wills in Japan--a survey of the deceased ones' families.

A study was recently done to investigate the outcomes of written living wills in Japan, which, unlike the United States, does not legally recognize advance directives. This study collected demographic information and predictors of living will use among families and guardians who used the living will form provided by the Japan Society for Dying with Dignity. According to the results of the study, affliction with cancer and death in a hospital was the best predictor of written living will use. Research on physicians' treatment limitation and withdrawal behaviors in the clinical setting is needed to better understand the actual impact of living wills. Such research can provide better understanding of where boundaries of self-determination are drawn and how to respect autonomy in Japan.

Advance Directive Adherence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

National directives on managing 'violent' patients: a critique.

The incidence and nature of patient aggression and violence in health care has been a neglected area of investigation. However, since the 1980s there has been an increase in the amount of research examining the problem of patients who are aggressive and violent in a multitude of health care settings. A critique of three initiatives highlights the problems associated with aggression and violence in healthcare. They fail, however, to make the distinction between aggression and violence, and as aggression is more common, inappropriate, restrictive care for patients will continue at the expense of developing therapeutic relationships.

Advance Directive Adherence↗