PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Affective Disorders, Psychotic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroendocrine and psychopharmacologic aspects of the pineal function. Melatonin and psychiatric disorders].

The development of psychiatric thought has always been in close association with the pineal gland. The importance of a relationship between pineal, and mental functions was stressed by Descartes when he placed the seat of rational thought as well as the confluence of body and soul in this organ (Cf. Descartes, L'Homme, 1664). His writings exerted such a strong influence that, quite soon indeed, physicians started regarding this gland as being the source of many mental disorders. In an attempt to find and explain a possible link between mental abnormalities, and the discovery of calcified pineals in necroptic studies, many theories were put forward during the 18th, and the 19th century. Afterwards, the importance of the gland went almost unnoticed until 1920, when Becker treated psychotic patients with pineal extracts. An up-to-1950 review by Kitay and Altschule (1954) reported 17 cases where pineal extracts were successfully injected to psychotic patients. In the present review, the author tries and summarizes several reports dealing with the influence of the pineal function on affective disorders, schizophrenia, sleep cycle, Parkinson disease, etc., as a contribution to future research work in this field.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed2006

The relationship of reactive psychosis and ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders: evidence from a case register-based comparison.

BACKGROUND: ICD-10 introduced a new diagnostic category, F23 'acute and transient psychotic disorders' (ATPD), to embrace clinical concepts such as bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis, psychogenic (reactive) psychosis and schizophreniform psychosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the concept of reactive psychosis (RP), equivalent to the ICD-8 298 category of 'other psychoses', and ATPD. SAMPLING AND METHOD: Since January 1, 1994, ICD-10 has replaced ICD-8 as official classification in Denmark. Patients given an ICD-8 298 diagnosis on their last admission in 1992-1993 were identified from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, and the ICD-8 diagnoses assigned were compared with their ICD-10 diagnoses when readmitted in 1994-1995. RESULTS: Diagnosis of RP was recorded in 19.2% of patients with functional psychoses in 1992-1993, whereas ATPD overall prevalence accounted for 8.7% of those with non-organic psychotic and affective disorders in 1994-1995. Thirty-eight per cent of patients with an ICD-8 298 diagnosis were readmitted during the years 1994-1995. Schizophrenia and related disorders (F2) and affective disorders (F3) accounted for three quarters of ICD-10 diagnoses. The most frequently used ATPD subcategories were F23.3 'other acute delusional psychotic disorders', F23.0 'acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia' and F23.9 'acute and transient psychotic disorder unspecified'. A significant majority were female and associated acute stress was recorded only in 5.3% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: ICD-8 298 register diagnosis of RP showed little empirical continuity to ATPD and conformed more to F23.3 acute delusional disorder among ATPD subtypes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Postpartum depression.

The occurrence of mood changes in the postpartum period is common. This presentation will discuss three cases of postpartum mood changes illustrating the "normal" changes, depression with suicidal ideation requiring brief hospitalization, and psychotic depression requiring intensive psychiatric treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Motoneuron excitability in psychiatric patients.

The excitability at the alpha-motoneuron pool was studied by measuring the spinal monosynaptic reflex responses of soleus muscle to paired stimuli in psychiatric patients and controls. Patients showed significant alterations in the recovery of excitability when compared with normal volunteers. Specifically, the value for the peak of "secondary facilitation" was reduced in 5 of 8 chronic schizophrenic patients, while the following trough in the recovery cycle was reduced in 9 of 18 acutely schizophrenic patients. Drug effects were studied in 10 patients. Phenothiazine antipsychotic medication tended to enhance recovery of excitability. Patients of all types showed alterations of excitability. The altered excitability may relfect one aspect of a widespread abnormality of CNS function or may be a specific response to a supraspinal defect in neurophysiological activity in psychotic patients.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed2001

Association study between cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) and pathogenesis and psychotic symptoms of mood disorders.

Cannabis can induce mood change and sometimes psychotic symptoms in normal persons. In brain, the main active ingredient of cannabis acts via the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CNR1) which is located on chromosome 6q14-15. Linkage studies have suggested the presence of a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q. In this population based association study, we tested the hypothesis that a microsatellite polymorphism in the promoter region of the CNR1 gene confers susceptibility to mood disorders and psychotic features. We genotyped the CNR1 gene is 154 mood disorder patients and 165 normal controls. The results showed that the triplet repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the CNR1 gene was not likely to be involved in the pathogenesis or in the psychotic symptoms of mood disorders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific aspects of psychoses in mentally retarded children and adolescents].

Mental retardation is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by arrested or incomplete psychological development. The first part of the study deals with psychological and biological factors: etiology and pathogenesis of mental retardation and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Their etiopathogenesis is similar as in other neurodevelopmental disorders and it was analyzed in the part dealing with biological specificities of persons with mental retardation. Numerous biopsycho-social factors cause increased vulnerability of the mentally retarded to development of mental disorders. Thus, prevalence of these disorders is higher in mentally retarded persons than in general population. This study also deals with specificities regarding diagnosis of psychotic disorders in mentally retarded persons as well as neurobiologic, epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of schizophrenic psychoses, autism and affective disorders in persons with mental retardation. Special emphasis was given to diagnostics of these disorders in mentally retarded children and adolescents, as well as to problems of differential diagnostics. Apart from other things, we have concluded that specific clinical pictures demand subspeciality approach in the frame of developmental psychiatry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Do psychotic, minor and intermittent depressive disorders exist on a continuum?

The following paper uses information from a family study and 10-year follow-up of probands with unipolar depression to describe relationships between psychotic and non-psychotic major depressive disorder (MDD) and, in turn, between psychotic MDD and minor or intermittent depressive disorders. Probands began follow-up as they sought treatment for MDD at any of five participating academic centers. Follow-up evaluations then occurred at 6-month intervals for 5 years and then annually for an additional 5 years. Two-thirds of the probands also entered a family study in which raters attempted direct interviews of all available adult first-degree relatives. Findings that individual symptoms comprising the endogenous MDD subtype had higher severity ratings, that the full MDD syndrome was present for a greater number of weeks in each year of follow-up, and that time to new episodes of MDD were shorter, all indicated that patients with psychotic features had a severe variant of MDD. An increased familial risk for psychotic MDD per se, and a sustained tendency for psychotic features to recur, indicated an important discontinuity, however. The increase in morbidity over time which characterized psychotic patients manifested in the full MDD syndrome, but not in mild MDD, minor or intermittent depressive syndromes. These milder syndromes tended to be more prominent over time among patients who began with non-psychotic MDD. This fails to support a continuum spanning both psychotic MDD and the mild, subsyndromal forms of unipolar depression.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Basal ganglia calcification and psychotic symptoms in the very old.

BACKGROUND: Basal ganglia calcification (BGC) is associated with psychotic symptoms in young and middle-aged patient samples. METHODS: We studied the cross-sectional relationship between psychotic symptoms and BGC in a population sample of non-demented 85-year-olds, of whom 86 were mentally healthy, 11 had hallucinations or delusions, 21 had mood disorders and 20 had anxiety disorders. BGC was measured using computerized tomography (CT). Mental disorders were diagnosed using DSM-III-R criteria and psychotic symptoms were evaluated using information from psychiatric examinations, key-informant interviews and review medical records. RESULTS: BGC on CT was observed in 19% of mentally healthy and 64% of non-demented individuals with hallucinations or delusions [Odds Ratio (OR) 7.7, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 2.9-29.7, p=0.003]. There were no associations between BGC and mood or anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: BGC is strongly associated with psychotic symptoms in very old age, possibly due to a disturbance in the basal ganglia dopaminergic system.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1978

Antibody and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus in psychotic depression.

The incidence and antibody titers to herpes simplex virus (HSV) were found significantly higher in patients with psychotic depression as compared to normal controls. Furthermore, the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to HSV in psychotic depression was similar to that observed after acute HSV infection or recurrence. The results suggest therefore an association between HSV infection and psychotic depression.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

P300 changes in major depressive disorders with and without psychotic features.

BACKGROUND: Although there are many P300 studies in depressive patients, only a few studies have focused on the effects of psychotic features in depression and of response to antidepressant treatment on P300. This study was designed to investigate possible differences in the P300 component of event-related potentials in depressed patients with and without psychotic features and if any, to see whether these changes altered with treatment of depression. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with major depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM-IV, and 20 healthy control subjects were involved in the study. Sixteen of the patients had psychotic features. Auditory P300 was recorded before treatment and after remission. RESULTS: Pretreatment P300 latencies were significantly prolonged both in patients with and without psychotic features compared to controls. Pretreatment P300 amplitudes were significantly decreased only in the patients with psychotic features. After treatment of depression, delayed P300 latencies in both patient groups and decreased P300 amplitude in the patient group with psychotic features were normalized. LIMITATIONS: The medication status of the patient was heterogeneous. CONCLUSION: Since the impairment seems to be improved by drug treatment, prolonged P300 latency might be a state marker for a major depressive episode, and decreased P300 amplitude which is correlated with paranoid ideation might be more associated with psychotic subtype.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Does rehabilitation meet the needs of care and improve the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia or other chronic mental disorders?

The effectiveness of a rehabilitation intervention (Boston University Model) was investigated in a one-year prospective naturalistic study among 35 clients with mainly psychotic or affective disorders and dependent on mental health care with at least one hospital admission in the past five years. Rehabilitation was successful in goal-attainment after 1 year (46% fully, 34% partly). Although rehabilitation did not make clients less dependent upon care, it decreased the number of needs and had a positive effect on the match between care needed and care provided. No evidence was found for a significant effect of rehabilitation clients' quality of life and functioning, although social functioning became more in line with the seriousness of psychiatric impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Bipolar versus unipolar psychotic outpatient depression.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between bipolar and unipolar psychotic depression has not been well studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare bipolar with unipolar psychotic outpatient depression. METHODS: Seventy consecutive unipolar (n = 40) and bipolar (n = 30) psychotic depressed outpatients were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. RESULTS: Of the variables studied (age, duration of illness, severity, recurrences, atypical features, chronicity, gender, comorbidity, hallucinations, delusions), none was significantly different between unipolar and bipolar psychotic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar psychotic depression was similar to unipolar psychotic depression on variables reported in the literature to distinguish bipolar from unipolar disorder. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings might suggest, but do not necessarily imply, that psychotic depression might be a distinct clinical entity. LIMITATIONS: Single interviewer, nonblind cross-sectional assessment, outpatient sample, sample size.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Antipsychotics in the treatment of mood disorders and risk of tardive dyskinesia.

Psychosis occurs commonly in patients with mood disorders and has traditionally been treated with typical antipsychotics. Exposure to typical antipsychotics poses a risk for the emergence of tardive dyskinesia. Atypical antipsychotics may have advantages over typical agents in the treatment of patients with mood disorders complicated by psychotic features. The studies of typical and atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of mood disorders were reviewed. Similarly, studies regarding the risk of tardive dyskinesia from typical and atypical agents in patients with mood disorders were surveyed. Typical and atypical antipsychotics appear to be comparably effective in the treatment of acute mania. Limited data regarding these medications in psychotic depression are available. Advantages of atypical antipsychotics include, for most agents, minimal extrapyramidal and prolactin effects, inherent thymoleptic activity, and lower rates of tardive dyskinesia. Atypical antipsychotics appear to have a number of advantages over typical agents in the treatment of patients with psychotic mood disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Ego function assessment of schizo-affective patients as compared to schizophrenic and affective psychotic patients.

A 1-year sample of consecutively admitted patients between 18 and 40 years of age is studied. Psychopathology has been elicited by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), and diagnoses have been set according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). The sample consists of 57 cases with schizophrenia, 8 cases with schizo-affective psychosis and 23 cases with affective psychoses. Bellak's Ego Function Assessment Test was given to all these patients. The test does not show any significant differences between the schizo-affective and the schizophrenic groups. Some significant differences are found between the schizo-affective group and the group of affective psychosis. The findings do not validate schizo-affective psychosis as a diagnostic category.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Persecutory affective psychoses: a follow-up.

A series of 66 cases with persecutory affective psychoses was followed up between 5 and 44 years. These psychoses can be considered as a subgroup of catamnestically verified paranoid reactive psychoses. They comprise cases with and without clouded consciousness. The long-term prognosis is best for cases with clouded consciousness at the initial stage of the psychosis. The characteristics of premorbid personality, psychological precipitating factors and psychotic symptomatology are illustrated by several tables.

Adult↗