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Results for “Alcoholic Intoxication”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Is event frequency encoded automatically? The case of alcohol intoxication.

The four experiments reported show that sensitivity to event frequency is diminished by alcohol intoxication. In two experiments on confusion between presented and generated words, the function relating estimated to actual frequency was steeper for sober than intoxicated subjects. In two experiments on word-frequency estimates after a word-pronunciation task, the influence of alcohol intoxication was identified at the input as opposed to the test stage. We conclude that these findings are inconsistent with the idea that frequency-of-occurrence information is automatically encoded.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Detrimental effect of alcohol intoxication on severity of injuries in male traffic accident victims: a cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional emergency room study was performed among traffic accident victims aged 16 to 75 years in order to investigate the prevalence of alcohol intoxication (blood alcohol concentration (BAC greater than or equal to 0.8 g/kg) and its potential detrimental effect on injury severity. A BAC greater than or equal to 0.8 g/kg was present in 29% of the male patients. Intoxicated patients had a similar propensity to require inpatient hospital care (65 versus 60%) but had significantly longer hospital stays than the non-intoxicated patients (36 versus 20 days; p less than 0.05), observations which may be explained by the higher prevalence of serious injuries (head and internal injuries) among the intoxicated cohort. This study supports and emphasizes the detrimental effect of alcohol intoxication on the severity of injuries in traffic accident victims, and reinforces the need for further legal and public health measures in preventing alcohol-related traffic accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

Acute alcohol intoxication and traumatic shock. An experimental study on circulating microaggregates and survival.

The reaction to a standardized soft tissue trauma was investigated in pigs pretreated with gastric administration of saline or 40% ethanol. Circulating microaggregates in vena cava, vena portae and aorta were determined with screen filtration pressure (SFP). Using Swan-Ganz thermistor catheters changes in central hemodynamics were recorded. 1 min after trauma, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) increased over pretrauma values in alcohol-intoxicated pigs while cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased. In control animals, CO and MAP were reduced. 30 min after trauma the control animals had restored their circulatory parameters while intoxicated animals had not. SFP increased in alcohol-intoxicated animals before trauma and more so after trauma except for in aorta. The standardized trauma was nonlethal to control animals while 6 out of 7 pigs, pretreated with alcohol, died within 65 min of the trauma. The data indicate that alcohol intoxication decreases survival after traumatic shock and that alcohol and trauma induced a significant increase in circulating microaggregates.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed2002

Green tea as a potent antioxidant in alcohol intoxication.

Ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde and next to acetate is accompanied by free radical generation. Free radicals can affect cell integrity when antioxidant mechanisms are no longer able to cope with the free radical generation observed in ethanol intoxication. Natural antioxidants are particularly useful in such a situation. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of green tea as a source of water-soluble antioxidants (catechins) on the liver and blood serum antioxidative potential of rats chronically (28 days) intoxicated with ethanol. Alcohol caused a decrease in liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and an increase in activity of glutathione reductase. Moreover, a decrease in the level of reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamins A and E and beta-carotene were observed. The activity of serum glutathione peroxidase decreased while glutathione reductase activity increased. The level of serum non-enzymatic antioxidants was also decreased in the liver. Alcohol administration caused an increase in the liver and serum lipid peroxidation products, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. However, green tea prevents the changes observed after ethanol intoxication. Green tea also protects membrane phospholipids from enhanced peroxidation. These results indicate a beneficial effect of green tea in alcohol intoxication.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Potable mineral waters as the correctors of the hormonal and motor-evacuatory disorders in chronic alcoholic intoxication].

Long-term history of alcohol drinking is associated with shifts in basal levels of glucagon, gastrin, cortisol and insulin. The longer history of alcohol abuse, the more pronounced the shifts were. Besides hormonal unbalance, the animals had defective gastrointestinal motility and evacuation. Drinking of mineral water can correct the above disturbances only in short-term alcoholic intoxication.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2004

[Alcohol intoxication in four adolescents].

Four teenagers, two boys aged 14 and almost 13 years and two girls aged 14.5 and 15 years, were hospitalised because acute alcohol intoxication was suspected. Three of them had only a single instance of excessive alcohol consumption, but the 13-year-old boy was admitted twice in three months due to alcohol intoxication. The blood alcohol concentration in these adolescents varied between 1.4 and 2.3 g/l. During admission the patients were treated symptomatically and there were no complications. Loss of consciousness occurs at lower blood alcohol concentrations in adolescents than in adults. There is also a greater risk of mild hypoglycaemia. In case of recurring excessive alcohol consumption, further psychosocial counselling is necessary.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

The identification of alcohol intoxication by police.

BACKGROUND: The identification of alcohol intoxication by police, bartenders, social hosts, and potential passengers is an important issue in the prevention of alcohol-related driving accidents. This study examines the ability of police officers to correctly identify and make ratings of the sobriety of target drinkers presented on video. METHODS: Raters were asked to determine (1) whether the target drinker had been drinking alcohol, (2) whether it was "okay" to serve the target another drink, and (3) whether the target drinker was "okay" to drive. A rater confidence score for each target evaluated, as well as demographic characteristics about the raters, was obtained. RESULTS: Drinkers were accurately targeted to low (0.08-0.09%), medium (0.11-0.13%), and high (0.15-0.16%) blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) by using a method previously described. At lower BACs, most police officers were unable to identify whether or not targets had been drinking. Raters were "pretty sure" that targets in the 0.15-0.16% range had been drinking and "not sure" whether or not they should be served another drink or drive a car. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of raters to reliably identify target drinkers who were too intoxicated to drive safely was not obtained until the BACs were relatively high. These results suggest that prevention measures must focus on improving behavioral observations made of potential drunk drivers. Implications for bartenders and social hosts are discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2003

Fatalities due to methyl alcohol intoxication in Turkey: an 8-year study.

The aim of this study is to examine methyl alcohol poisoning cases from the medico-legal point of view. The records of the Morgue Department of Council of the Forensic Medicine were reviewed retrospectively for all methyl alcohol poisonings for the period of 27.10.1992 and 30.05.2001. The victim's age, sex, death year, death place, methyl alcohol blood levels, the source of methyl alcohol, accompanying laboratory results and histopathologic tissue changes were recorded. The number of deaths due to the methyl alcohol poisoning was 271 during that period of time. Two hundred and forty-two of the (89.3%) total 271 methyl alcohol fatalities were men and 29 (10.7%) of were women. The largest age group was 36-40 years old, followed by 41-45. The methyl alcohol blood concentrations ranged widely from 50 to 755 mg for per 100 ml. There were 222 cases (81.9%) with the methyl alcohol blood concentrations over 100 mg/dl. Twenty-nine (10.7%) victims were poisoned through the consumption of cologne and three of them with alcoholic beverage named "Raki". Consumed products were not known in all other cases because of insufficient patient history and data. As a conclusion, regarding the distribution according to years, mortality due to methyl alcohol intoxication in our country have been proceeding on a certain level. In order to decrease the mortality due to methyl alcohol intoxication, some precautions should be developed that could prevent the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages illegally produced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Changes in the cortical neuronal dendrites in experimental alcoholic intoxication].

The state of the cortical neuron dendrites was studied in rats at various stages of alcohol intoxication; two categories of changes occurred in dendrites--destructive and compensatory. These changes depended on the stages of alcohol intoxication and individual peculiarities of the central nervous system of the animals.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1998

Alcohol intoxication and school dropout.

The aim of the study was to investigate if alcohol intoxications predict dropout from senior high school over and beyond the effect of alcohol consumption and to seek out potential confounding or mediating mechanisms in the form of a longitudinal cohort-sequential survey. The participants were a nationally representative sample of Norwegian junior and senior high school students (n=5308). Measures used were of alcohol consumption, number of intoxications, school dropout, conduct problems, drug use, friends' problem behaviour, truancy, attitude to school, educational aspirations, grades, homework, youth centrism, leisure time activities, religiosity, depression, academic self-concept, attachment to parents. Intoxications did override the effect of alcohol consumption and predicted dropout. This effect was confounded by parental attachment, whereas truancy and associating with peers high in problem behaviour mediated the effect of intoxications. Frequent alcohol intoxications increase the risk for school dropout by means of increased truancy and differential association with counternormative peers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Use of fructose in the treatment of acute alcoholic intoxication.

The literature concerning the use of fructose to lower ethanol blood levels in acute alcoholic intoxication is reviewed. Studies indicate that 500 ml of a 40% infusion of fructose solution given over a 30-minute period can increase the rate of decline of ethanol blood levels by 25%. The recommended daily dosage is one to three liters of a 10% solution. Lactic acidosis is a potentially serious side effect of large doses of fructose. The lack of controlled clinical studies or other convincing evidence makes the routine use of fructose to treat acute alcoholic intoxication inadvisable.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1983

[Ultrastructure of the nuclei of neurons and glial cells of the cerebral cortex during experimental alcoholic intoxication].

Nuclear ultrastructure of neurons and glial cells of the rat sensomotor cortex was studied under chronic alcoholic intoxication. During 24 h the animals drank up about 10 ml of 20 degrees alcohol. In the course of prolonged alcoholic intoxication there occurred processes leading to deformation of the nuclei of neurons and glial cells and to the deficiency of nuclear and cytoplasmic substances. These changes are regarded as an atrophic process responsible for the corrugation of the nucleus and diminution of the cell size.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of alcoholic intoxication on various indicators of the functional state of the acoustic analyzer].

The clinico-audiometric studies have shown that under the influence of acute alcoholic intoxication the normal examinees manifest dysfunction of the acoustic analyzer, whose intensity depends on the time elapsed since the moment of alcohol intake. In patients with alcoholism, chronic alcoholic intoxication results in the formation of steady dysfunction in the form of treble hypoacusis which correlates both with the stage and other clinico-dynamic parameters of the disease. In patients in the initial stage of acute alcoholic hallucinosis, acoustic analyzer function is characterized by marked disorders of audition in its central parts, which as acute alcoholic hallucinosis develops, tend towards aggravation.

Adult↗