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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Perceptual hyperreactivity to auditory stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have abnormal perception of visceral stimuli; however, no study has so far investigated the perception of non-visceral stimuli in IBS. In the present study we used event-related potentials (ERP) to study whether IBS patients differed from healthy controls in processing of auditory stimuli and, if so, how this was influenced by emotions. METHODS: We compared ERPs to auditory stimuli in 40 female diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients without current psychiatric illness with those in 20 healthy controls. Tones were used as standard and target stimuli, and words with emotional content as distractors. Characteristics of the first negative wave (N100) and mean amplitudes in 50-msec time intervals between 150 and 600 msec were assessed. RESULTS: At the frontal midline electrode IBS patients had significantly enhanced N100 amplitude to all stimuli, persisting after adjustment for age, current emotions, and personality traits. They additionally had enhanced waves 200-300 msec and 400-500 msec after stimulus. The latter differences disappeared after adjustment for emotions and personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: In the frontal brain region, IBS patients seem to have a hyperreactivity to auditory stimuli compared with controls. Later elements (P300, N400) of stimulus processing were influenced by emotions and personality traits. These may possibly contribute to changes in intestinal motility caused by stress. The study indicates that aberrant brain functioning may be an element of the irritable bowel syndrome. It may elucidate a mechanism for brain-gut interaction by which psychosocial stress may influence visceral pain perception in non-psychiatric subjects with an intestinal motility disorder and also the efficacy of psychiatric treatment on IBS symptoms.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2002

Clozapine improves deficient inhibitory auditory processing in DBA/2 mice, via a nicotinic cholinergic mechanism.

RATIONALE: Insufficient inhibitory processing of the P50 auditory evoked potential (AEP) is observed in most schizophrenia patients and is not improved by typical antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol. This inhibitory processing deficit is associated with a subnormal level of hippocampal alpha7 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), and drugs that activate these receptors normalize the deficit. The atypical antipsychotic clozapine also normalizes this deficit in schizophrenia patients, but by an unknown mechanism. OBJECTIVE: Similar to schizophrenia patients, DBA/2 mice spontaneously exhibit a deficit in inhibitory processing of the P20-N40 AEP, which is a rodent analogue of the human P50 AEP. The present study determined whether clozapine improved this deficit in DBA/2 mice, and by what mechanism. METHOD: Using a conditioning-testing paradigm with paired auditory stimuli to assess inhibitory P20-N40 AEP processing in DBA/2 mice, the effects of clozapine (0.1, 1, 3.33, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were assessed. The effect of clozapine (1 mg/kg) was assessed alone and after pre-administration of either alpha-bungarotoxin, an alpha7 nAChR antagonist, or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, an alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist. RESULTS: In a dose-dependent manner, clozapine improved the deficient inhibitory processing of the P20-N40 AEP normally exhibited by DBA/2 mice. Like alpha7 agonists, 1 mg/kg clozapine selectively increased the inhibition of the P20-N40 response to the second of paired auditory stimuli. The normalizing effect of 1 mg/kg clozapine was blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin, but not by dihydro-beta-erythroidine. Haloperidol did not improve DBA/2's deficient P20-N40 AEP processing. CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine improved the deficient inhibitory processing of the P20-N40 AEP in DBA/2 mice, apparently through stimulation of alpha7 nicotinic receptors. This effect was not shared by the typical antipsychotic haloperidol.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of passive auditory event-related potentials using discriminant analysis and self-organizing feature maps.

Discriminant analysis (DA) and self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) were used to classify passively evoked auditory event-related potentials (ERP) P(1), N(1), P(2) and N(2). Responses from 16 children with severe behavioral auditory perception deficits, 16 children with marked behavioral auditory perception deficits, and 14 controls were examined. Eighteen ERP amplitude parameters were selected for examination of statistical differences between the groups. Different DA methods and SOFM configurations were trained to the values. SOFM had better classification results than DA methods. Subsequently, measures on another 37 subjects that were unknown for the trained SOFM were used to test the reliability of the system. With 10-dimensional vectors, reliable classifications were obtained that matched behavioral auditory perception deficits in 96%, implying central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). The results also support the assumption that CAPD includes a 'non-peripheral' auditory processing deficit.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Response patterns to central auditory tests and the clinical evaluation of Language Fundamentals--Revised: a pilot study.

Tests of central auditory function and measures of receptive and expressive language abilities were administered to 10 children suspected of having central auditory processing disorders. Eight of the 10 subjects displayed expressive language difficulties, suggesting a need to examine more closely the relationship between expressive language and central auditory processing.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2007

[Auditory processing disorder (APD): first normative data for the standardised diagnosis in school-age children].

BACKGROUND: Disorders in auditory processing have gained importance over the past 10 years. A first consensus statement defined this disorder and described several of its features. At the present stage of research, tests are missing to discriminate between normal and disturbed auditory processing development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 142 children from the second and third grades (105 control group, 37 patients) were examined for audiological, auditory and cognitive development, as well as speech and writing abilities. RESULTS: For the first time, normative data were defined for children from 8-9 years of age, and characteristic aspects of auditory processing disorder (APD) could be quantified. CONCLUSION: This study supplies a test-battery with important elements for diagnosing APD under defined conditions.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed1995

Verbal auditory agnosia with focal EEG abnormality: an unusual case of a child presenting to an ENT surgeon with "deafness".

Verbal auditory agnosia implies the failure to recognize sounds in a patient who is nevertheless not deaf. We present a child referred to the ENT outpatients for suspected hearing loss investigation. At one point she had grommets inserted on the basis of a flat tympanogram but with no effect. All hearing tests, including electrocochleography and distraction tests, revealed normal hearing thresholds. At the age of three years and three months, and on direct questioning of the parents, we discovered that the child responded remarkably well to music. Paediatric neurologists made the diagnosis of verbal auditory agnosia. The condition is very similar to another acquired language disorder called Landau-Kleffner syndrome. It is unusual for such a case to present primarily to an ENT surgeon.

Agnosia↗

PubMed1985

Educational evaluation. The first step toward understanding and remediation of central auditory disorders.

Of all the problems experienced by children with learning disabilities, a language disorder may be the most detrimental to school performance. Because the problems of a child with a language disorder are frequently not recognized until he begins school, it is important that the educational clinician, teacher, related professional, and parents understand what a central auditory disorder is, that it may manifest itself as language disorder, and the way it can academically and emotionally affect a child. Evaluation and identification of a child with a central auditory disorder is vital at an early stage of development; however, testing, while it appears simple, is an extremely complex process and is not always exact. Therefore, the educational clinician must be skilled and understand the frailties which exist in the test instrument and the testing situation. It must be remembered, also, that testing in only part of the diagnostic procedure. Organized, perceptive classroom observations are essential. These must be followed by multidisciplinary meetings that generate remedial procedures and directions to be taken by parents and teachers. Finally, parents must be accepted by professionals as reasonable, concerned, and able to offer knowledgeable insight into their child's learning problems. If a language disorder is suspected, professional help should be sought immediately. Truth is better than fiction or fantasy in helping a child become a happy, adjusted, productive human being.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Do you hear what I hear? Neural correlates of thought disorder during listening to speech in schizophrenia.

Thought disorder is a fundamental symptom of schizophrenia, observable as irregularities in speech. It has been associated with functional and structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in language processing, including left temporal regions, during language production tasks. We were interested in the neural correlates of thought disorder during receptive language processing, as this function is relatively preserved despite relying on the same brain regions as expressive language. Twelve patients with schizophrenia and 11 controls listened to 30-s speech samples while undergoing fMRI scanning. Thought disorder and global symptom ratings were obtained for each patient. Thought disorder but not global symptomatology correlated positively with the BOLD response in the left posterior superior temporal lobe while listening to comprehensible speech (cluster-level corrected p=.023). The pattern of brain activity associated with thought disorder during listening to comprehensible speech differs from that seen during language generation tasks, where a reduction of the leftward laterality of language has often been observed. As receptive language is spared in thought disorder, we propose that the increase in activation reflects compensatory processing allowing for normal performance.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1985

[Recognition of emotional states by epileptics from voices].

Seventy-four patients with focal epilepsy were examined by means of a specially devised complex of experimental techniques. It was shown that epileptic involvement of the temporal lobes (in particular the anterior and mediobasal regions) of both hemispheres was associated with disorders of recognition of the emotional coloring of speech and non-speech sound complexes. Maximum disorders in the comparison of unorganized sound rows were observed when the right temporal lobe was involved, in the comparison of emotions when the left lobe was affected. Difficulties in recognizing melodies and emotions were observed in patients with temporal foci in the left and the right hemisphere but it was especially marked after surgery on the structures of the left temporal lobe. The degree of the disorders was primarily due to the severity of the organic damage of the brain rather than to the localization of the epileptic focus.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2003

Staggered spondaic word test in epileptic patients.

CONTEXT: Auditory processing during childhood may be altered if there is any predisposing factor during the course of development. Neurological disorders are among the risk factors for auditory processing impairment. From this perspective, epileptic children present such a risk factor and could present auditory processing dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate central auditory processing in epileptic patients using the Staggered Spondaic Word Test (SSW) in order to verify whether these patients presented auditory disorders and whether the type of crisis partial or generalized played a role in the occurrence and type of disorder. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. SAMPLE: Thirty-eight children and adolescents, ranging from 7 to 16 years old, with a diagnosis of epilepsy divided into two groups: 23 patients with partial crisis and 15 patients with generalized crisis. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Performance in the Staggered Spondaic Word Test versus epileptic crisis type (partial or generalized). RESULTS: The majority of epileptic patients showed central auditory processing disorders. There were no differences in relation to crisis type. Both groups showed similar performance, although the results observed for these patients differ from what is obtained with normal populations. With regard to response bias, there were also no differences in performance between subjects with partial or generalized seizures. All possible disorders were found in both groups, without the prevalence of one specific disorder over the other. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence of disorders among epileptic patients in relation to processing partially overlapped verbal sounds in a dichotic paradigm.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Auditory distraction and thought disorder in chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Evidence for separate contributions by incapacity and poor allocation and a subsyndrome related to the allocation deficit.

This study investigated auditory attentional processes associated with schizophrenic thought disorder. Thirty-five chronically schizophrenic, state hospital inpatients were assessed for thought disorder using the Thought, Language, and Communication Disorders Scale (TLC) and tested in an attentional task. Two measures of attention were derived from the Digit Span Distraction Test (DSDT) (Oltmannns, T.F., Neale, J.M., 1975. Schizophrenic performance when distractors are present: attentional deficit or differential task difficulty. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 84, 205-209), a digit recall task in which distractor digits were interspersed with target digits. The two measures were Distractibility -- the overall inaccuracy of recall -- which measured attentional incapacity, and Distractible Intrusion -- the number of irrelevant digits recalled -- which was developed in this study to separately measure the inability to allocate attentional resources. These two measures predicted thought disorder strongly and independently. Distractibility did not significantly correlate with any TLC subscale. In contrast, Distractible Intrusions correlated with the TLC subscales Distractible Speech, Incoherence, Loss of Goal, and Word Approximations. The present findings suggest that these subtypes may comprise a distinct subsyndrome of thought disorder, characterized by a dysfunctionally low threshold for selecting appropriate speech information, and that an attentional allocation deficit is related to this language dysfunction.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Central auditory processing disorders in children.

Central auditory processing disorders in children are introduced and defined. The article explains who should be evaluated and for what reasons. The evaluation process, test stimuli, and use of assessment findings are presented.

Attention↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Are specific developmental language disorders caused by deficits in auditory perception?].

BACKGROUND: Specific language impairment is assumed to be caused by deficits in auditory perception and therefore the training of auditory abilities is recommended as a treatment. Our study focussed on the question of whether a correlation between language disorders and auditory perception abilities can be proven empirically. PATIENTS: 23 language impaired children and 52 controls aged 7 to 11 years were examined. METHOD: Auditory abilities were measured by means of a battery of nonverbal and verbal tests. The children had to identify tones of different frequencies, loudness, duration or patterns as well as every day sounds and mixtures of such sounds. Noise-overlaid, time-compressed and frequency-limited speech tasks, and binaural summation tasks were also used. In addition, phoneme discrimination ability and auditory memory were assessed. RESULTS: Language impaired children scored low on phoneme discrimination and auditory memory tests but not on nonverbal or verbal auditory perception tasks. There are significant correlations between their expressive language ability and their scores on phoneme discrimination, auditory memory and sound duration identification tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results do not support the assumption that developmental language disorders are associated with auditory perception deficits. However, there are indications that auditory memory and time processing are deficient. Thus, training of auditory perception does not appear to be a suitable treatment for language impaired children.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗

PubMed2006

Delayed detection of tonal targets in background noise in dyslexia.

Individuals with developmental dyslexia are often impaired in their ability to process certain linguistic and even basic non-linguistic auditory signals. Recent investigations report conflicting findings regarding impaired low-level binaural detection mechanisms associated with dyslexia. Binaural impairment has been hypothesized to stem from a general low-level processing disorder for temporally fine sensory stimuli. Here we use a new behavioral paradigm to address this issue. We compared the response times of dyslexic listeners and their matched controls in a tone-in-noise detection task. The tonal signals were either Huggins Pitch (HP), a stimulus requiring binaural processing to elicit a pitch percept, or a pure tone-perceptually similar but physically very different signals. The results showed no difference between the two groups specific to the processing of HP and thus no evidence for a binaural impairment in dyslexia. However, dyslexic subjects exhibited a general difficulty in extracting tonal objects from background noise, manifested by a globally delayed detection speed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1992

Organic mental disorders associated with bupropion in three patients.

Bupropion hydrochloride is a phenylaminoketone antidepressant whose clinical pharmacology is poorly understood. Part of bupropion's action may be attributed to inhibition of dopamine reuptake that may induce organic mental disorders in certain susceptible patients. We report three cases of organic mental disorders in patients receiving bupropion hydrochloride for treatment of the depressed phase of their bipolar-type mood instability. The organic mental disorders that occurred in these patients were characterized largely by visual disturbances--visual hallucinations and visual illusions--although one patient also experienced auditory hallucinations. The patients' use of concomitant medications and potential drug interactions are carefully evaluated and the literature on bupropion's ability to induce organic mental disorders is reviewed. We suggest a number of possible mediating mechanisms for these syndromes including dose-related dopaminergic augmentation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, predisposition to psychosis, and drug interactions.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Mismatch response is absent in 2-month-old infants at risk for dyslexia.

This study examined auditory processing in 2-month-old infants at genetic risk for dyslexia and in controls. Manipulated natural speech stimuli (/bAk/ and /dAk/), at either side of the phoneme boundary, were presented to these infants and their automatic cortical deviance responses were recorded. Control infants showed two distinct mismatch responses, thus extending similar findings reported with kindergartners in terms of topographical distribution and cortical sources. The absence of such mismatch responses in the infants at risk supports the hypothesis of basic auditory (temporal) processing impairments in the disorder. The results suggest that these early signs of deficient auditory processing may point to problematic categorical perception at a later age.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2000

Superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia: a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study.

The left superior temporal gyrus (STG) has been reported to be smaller in patients with schizophrenia. The volume of the STG has been found to correlate negatively with severity of hallucinations and thought disorder. In this study, we measured the STG volume of 20 normal controls and 20 patients with schizophrenia using 3 mm contiguous coronal T1 magnetic resonance images. We found that patients had a significantly smaller left anterior STG, and that the volume of this region negatively correlated with the severity of hallucinations. The left posterior STG was not significantly smaller in patients than in controls, but its volume negatively correlated with severity of thought disorder. We also found that the left anterior STG was smaller than the right STG in patients but not in controls. The STG has at least three histologically distinct areas, each with different connections to the rest of the brain. These data are consistent with the proposition that dysfunction of the primary auditory cortex in the anterior and middle STG and auditory association cortex in the posterior STG may play a role in the production of auditory perceptual abnormalities and poor organization of thought respectively.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Disturbed auditive perception (author's transl)].

Disturbed auditive perception on its own, but even more frequently combined with other partly decreased cerebral functions is almost regularly found in children with speech disorders. They must be recognized and treated along with speech therapy. A report on the difficulties in comprehending this perception deficit neurophysiologically as well as on recent models of categorial hearing of speech is given. In practice such disturbances become relevant if speech disorders appear along with normal audiometric results. The exact observation of such children indicates the existence of disturbed auditive perception: Confusing of words of similar sound, constant asking for repetition, difficult acquisition of local-adverbs, missing of parts in a series of instructions and others.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗