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PubMed1991

Improved procedure for bacteriophage typing of Listeria strains and evaluation of new phages.

A modified technique in listerial phage typing, termed reversed phage typing procedure, was developed. Ready-to-use typing plates were prepared by preapplication of phage suspensions on tryptose agar plates. The new procedure offers a number of substantial advantages as compared with the conventional method, being much more reliable, efficient, and convenient to use. More than 1,000 strains of Listeria have thus far been typed with the reversed phage typing procedure, employing an extended set of 21 genus-specific bacteriophages. The overall typability of strains was 89.5%.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1982

Bacteriophage types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United States.

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from various geographic areas within the continental United States were typed according to their susceptibility to 4 mycobacteriophages. Of 462 wild isolates studied, 34% were phage type 1 (previously designated A0), 42% were type 2 (A1), 2.6% were type 5 (A4), 13% were type 7 (A6), and 20.1% were type 8 (B). Distribution of types was essentially unaffected by geographic location, sex, age, or ethnic origin of the patient or by resistance of the isolate to antituberculosis drugs. Major types were further divided by susceptibility of the strains to lysis by 8 auxiliary phages, 2 of which were phages newly evaluated in this study. A new numbering system is proposed for designating major phage types of M. tuberculosis.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriophage typing of Salmonella weltevreden.

Salmonella weltevreden has been found to be one of the commonest Salmonella serotypes isolated from diverse sources in India and has also been isolated in a number of other countries. A phage typing scheme was developed for this serotype using a set of six typing phages. These phages had been selected out of 146 phage strains isolated and purified from stool samples of man, laboratory animals and other animals, sewage and surface water sources, and the lytic mutants of temperate phages form S. weltevreden. The phage typing scheme was applied systematically to type the 946 strains from India isolated during 1958-1974 and 148 strains originating from Australia, Burma, England, Gan Island, Holland, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, The Philippines, Thailand, The United States and Vietnam during 1953-1971. The scheme was particularly studied to evaluate its utility in mapping the epidemiologically related strains from various sources. The S. weltevreden strains could be classified into ten phage types. Phage types 2 and 7 were found exclusively amongst Indian strains, type 6 from Vietnam and type 8 from Burma, Thailand and Vietnam. Phage types were found to be stable and consistent with the independent epidemiological data available.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1998

Characterisation of 16 Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli typing bacteriophages.

Taxonomic classification of bacteriophages specific for Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli has not been reported previously. A set of 16 virulent phages, distinguishable by their lytic spectra, has been used extensively for epidemiological typing of C. jejuni and C. coli at Preston Public Health Laboratory. These phages were investigated by electron microscopy, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. All phages had icosahedral heads and long contractile tails. Accordingly, they were classified as members of the Myoviridae family. These phages could be subdivided into three groups according to genome size and head diameter: group I, two phages with head diameters of 140.6 and 143.8 nm and genome sizes of 320 kb; group II, five phages with average head diameters of 99 nm and average genome sizes of 184 kb; and group III, nine phages with average head sizes of 100 nm and average genome sizes of 138 kb. Phages NCTC12676 and NCTC12677 of group I had unusually large genomes of c. 320 kb which are two of the largest phage genomes to be described. Restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated that DNA from the 16 phages was refractory to digestion by a number of restriction enzymes.

Bacteriophage Typing↗