PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “BACTEROIDES INFECTIONS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Anaerobic bacteria in pediatric infections.

Anaerobic bacteria normally outnumber aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. They have been isolated from pediatric patients with various diseases. Anaerobic bacteria have been shown to colonize newborns immediately after delivery. These organisms are associated with cellulitis at the site of fetal monitoring, neonatal aspiration pneumonia bacteremia, conjunctivitis and omphalitis. Clostridial spores have been found in cases of necrotizing enterocolitis. Botulism of the newborn has been reported.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Vein reconstruction of a mycotic internal carotid aneurysm.

Carotid aneurysms are an extremely rare entity; mycotic carotid aneurysms are even more uncommon. Most articles in the past have advocated ligation as treatment of mycotic carotid aneurysms due to the dangers of graft placement in an infected field. Unfortunately, stroke occurs in many patients so treated. As the cerebral complications were so high, bypass using autogenous vein and fine monofilament polypropylene sutures is attractive. This technique was used in a patient having a mycotic carotid aneurysm who was referred to the Vascular Service of the Shands Teaching Hospital. Pre- and postoperative antibiotics, resection of the aneurysm, anastomosis in a noninfected area, and long-term oral antibiotics were felt to be other important aspects of the patient's treatment. This individual is well one year after operation without neurological sequelae. This case suggests that if strict operative and therapeutic guidelines are observed, bypass with autogenous vein is a feasible operative alternative in patients having mycotic carotid aneurysms. The risk of this procedure must be carefully weighed against the devastating neurological sequellae that might result with ligation.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of free and liposome-encapsulated cefoxitin in experimental intra-abdominal sepsis in rats.

The distributions of radiolabelled free cefoxitin (FC) and liposome-encapsulated cefoxitin (LC) were compared in an animal model of intra-abdominal sepsis. Intraperitoneally administered LC was initially retained in the peritoneal cavity with subsequent preferential drug targeting to the liver (14% injected LC) and spleen (6% injected LC) by 3 h post-injection. Differing patterns of liposomal drug and lipid retention indicated that drug release from the liposome complex occurred within the peritoneum, liver and spleen. Intraperitoneal FC was rapidly taken up into the systemic circulation, with peak recovery in the blood (9% injected FC) and liver (5% injected FC) at 1 h post-injection. FC was also rapidly eliminated; 7% of the injected drug was recovered in the kidney 1 h post-injection. A negligible amount of FC was recovered in the spleen and very little FC or LC was found in the lungs of treated animals. Unlike FC, LC was found to provide a sustained bactericidal drug level (> 40 micrograms mL-1) in the peritoneal fluid for up to 5 h post-injection. LC also achieved significantly higher drug levels, compared with FC, within the liver at 3 and 5 h post-injection. Since severe intra-abdominal sepsis is often characterized by the presence of intraphagocytic bacteria in hepatic and splenic reticuloendothelial systems, the enhanced delivery of liposome-encapsulated anti-microbial agents, such as cefoxitin, to the liver and spleen may provide a more effective treatment for the septic condition.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous drainage and continuous irrigation in patients with severe pyogenic spondylitis, abscess formation, and marked bone destruction.

OBJECT: The use of percutaneous suction aspiration has recently become viewed as an effective management strategy for pyogenic spondylitis unresponsive to conservative treatment. What remains unclear is whether it can be effective for severe pyogenic spondylitis in which abscess formation or marked bone destruction is present. The authors undertook a study to clarify answers to this question. METHODS: The authors evaluated clinical and radiographic/neuroimaging data obtained in five patients with severe pyogenic spondylitis, extensive abscesses, and marked bone destruction. These patients had undergone percutaneous drainage and continuous irrigation because open surgery was considered contraindicated in light of their poor general health. The mean period during which continuous irrigation was applied was 9 days (range 7-11 days), and the mean period during which the drainage tube was in place was 19 days (range 13-38 days). All patients suffered from back pain, which was relieved by the percutaneous technique in four patients after a mean of 8 days. The abscesses and inflammation resolved in all patients. Progressive osseous destruction was not observed, and open surgery was performed in only one patient in whom back pain persisted as a result of spinal instability. CONCLUSIONS: After an unsuccessful course of conservative treatment, severe pyogenic spondylitis with abscess formation or marked bone destruction was successfully treated using percutaneous drainage and continuous irrigation. Based on their results, the authors believe that this procedure can be used in patients with severe pyogenic spondylitis that was unresponsive to conservative treatment, particularly in those whose general health is poor.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Evidence for extensive resistance gene transfer among Bacteroides spp. and among Bacteroides and other genera in the human colon.

Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by conjugation is thought to play an important role in the spread of resistance. Yet virtually no information is available about the extent to which such horizontal transfers occur in natural settings. In this paper, we show that conjugal gene transfer has made a major contribution to increased antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides species, a numerically predominant group of human colonic bacteria. Over the past 3 decades, carriage of the tetracycline resistance gene, tetQ, has increased from about 30% to more than 80% of strains. Alleles of tetQ in different Bacteroides species, with one exception, were 96 to 100% identical at the DNA sequence level, as expected if horizontal gene transfer was responsible for their spread. Southern blot analyses showed further that transfer of tetQ was mediated by a conjugative transposon (CTn) of the CTnDOT type. Carriage of two erythromycin resistance genes, ermF and ermG, rose from <2 to 23% and accounted for about 70% of the total erythromycin resistances observed. Carriage of tetQ and the erm genes was the same in isolates taken from healthy people with no recent history of antibiotic use as in isolates obtained from patients with Bacteroides infections. This finding indicates that resistance transfer is occurring in the community and not just in clinical environments. The high percentage of strains that are carrying these resistance genes in people who are not taking antibiotics is consistent with the hypothesis that once acquired, these resistance genes are stably maintained in the absence of antibiotic selection. Six recently isolated strains carried ermB genes. Two were identical to erm(B)-P from Clostridium perfringens, and the other four had only one to three mismatches. The nine strains with ermG genes had DNA sequences that were more than 99% identical to the ermG of Bacillus sphaericus. Evidently, there is a genetic conduit open between gram-positive bacteria, including bacteria that only pass through the human colon, and the gram-negative Bacteroides species. Our results support the hypothesis that extensive gene transfer occurs among bacteria in the human colon, both within the genus Bacteroides and among Bacteroides species and gram-positive bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Anaerobic mediastinitis.

Three patients with anaerobic mediastinitis associated with retropharyngeal abscess have been encountered recently. Dental infections accounted for two instances, and the third instance resulted from rupture of the thoracic esophagus from blunt trauma. Each was marked by extreme difficulty in achieving complete abscess drainage due to the initially unrecognized virulence of the causative anaerobic bacteria. Complications were frequent and included empyema, pericarditis and aspiration pneumonia. The combination of vigorous diagnostic efforts, prompt operation and reoperation when necessary plus specific antibiotic effective against anaerobes led to a successful outcome for each patient.

Abscess↗
PubMed2006

Bacterial glycans: key mediators of diverse host immune responses.

Recent studies have shown that the synthesis of various polysaccharides by bacteria can induce immune responses that are beneficial to the bacterium, the host, or both. Here, we discuss the diverse interactions between bacterial glycans and the host immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Experimentally induced subcutaneous infection by black pigmented Bacteroides species in rats.

In a rat model of anaerobic subcutaneous abscess developed to study the pathogenicity of pure cultures of black pigmented Bacteroides sp. (Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides intermedius) maximum lesions were seen between 7 and 15 days after inoculation. Abscesses were produced by one type strain each of B. melaninogenicus and B. intermedius and by 20 of 25 clinical isolates of black pigmented Bacteroides species.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Introduction.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

The penetration of metronidazole into synovial fluid.

Six patients with non-infected synovial effusions, associated either with inflammatory or degenerative arthropathy and requiring diagnostic or therapeutic aspiration, were given a short course of 400 mg metronidazole (Flagyl) 8-hourly for 3 doses. Serum and synovial fluid (SF) were sampled frequently during this time, and assayed for metronidazole by a specific high pressure liquid-chromatographic method. It was found that concentrations of metronidazole in SF reached those in serum after a short time-lag, and thereafter approximated to the serum concentration. With this regimen, metronidazole concentrations were readily achieved in synovial fluid, above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most susceptible anaerobes. These results indicate that the drug freely enters the synovial fluid and suggests that metronidazole would prove effective in the treatment of septic arthritis due to anaerobic bacteria.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

[Anaerobic infection and its rapid detection in surgical patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate anaerobic infection and its rapid detection in surgical patients. METHODS: 372 specimens were collected from surgical patients for anaerobe detection. To find a rapid detectable method, 110 specimens were collected for comparative studies by using indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA), enzyme labeled antibody technique (ELAT) and general cultural method (CM). RESULTS: The isolation rate of anaerobes was rather high in pyothorax (88.9%), abdominal abscess (86.7%), appendicitis (83.9%) and cerebral abscess (all five cases were positive). In burn wounds, the rate was about 23.6% especially in deep burn wounds. Among 212 strains detected, the predominant anaerobes were as follows B. melaninogenicus (28.8%), B. fragilis (25%), F. nucleatum (7.5%), C. perfringens (7.5%), and peptostreptococcus (5.7%); most of them (87.8%) were non-sporing anaerobes. Mixed infection with aerobes accounted for 64%. The survey of rapid detection was conducted in B. fragilis, B. melaninogenicus, C. perfringens, F. nucleatum and peptostreptococcus. The detectable rate was higher in IFA (79.1%) and ELAT (80.9%) than in CM (37.3%). CONCLUSION: IFA and ELAT might be rapid, specific, sensitive, and simple for detecting anaerobes.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1976

Susceptibility of the liver and biliary tract to anaerobic infection in extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction. II. Liver function and morphology of the liver and biliary tract--an experimental study in rabbits.

Biliary tract infection with anaerobic bacteria (B. fragilis or Fusobacterium mortiferum) was produced in rabbits by common duct ligation (c.d.l.) 3 days prior to intravenous bacterial inoculation. Animals were investigated 1, 4 or 7 days after inoculation. Histopathological investigations included the liver, the common duct, and the gallbladder, while liver function was evaluated by bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT) in serum. Rabbits with c.d.l. and biliary tract infection were compared to rabbits with c.d.l. in which bacterial inoculation failed to produce infection, to inoculated rabbits without c.d.l., and to uninoculated rabbits with c.d.l. Anaerobic biliary tract infection in rabbits with c.d.l. caused a significant increase in liver abscesses, a significant increased infiltration with granulocytes in the gallbladder, and a significant increase in serum levels of bilirubin, AP, and GPT, but failed to produce signs of cholangitis in the liver and intramural abscesses in the gallbladder. A material is presented of normal values for bilirubin, AP, and GPT in serum in rabbits.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

The in vitro and in vivo activity of taurolin against anaerobic pathogenic organisms.

An antibacterial agent, taurolin, formed by the combination of 2 molecules of taurine with 3 molecules of formaldehyde has been tested against anaerobes in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, taurolin is highly active against Bacteroides species and anaerobic Streptococci as measured by the minimum inhibitory concentration. In vivo, small dosages of taurolin given intraperitoneally increase the mortality in mice with Bacteroides peritonitis. However, by increasing the dosage of taurolin, survival is prolonged and mortality reduced. Intravenously administered taurolin protects rabbits from the effects of Bacteroides fragilis infection whether the organisms are given intravenously or intraperitoneally.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antimicrobial therapy of anaerobic infections, 1991.

Most anaerobic infections are polymicrobial and must be treated with agents active against a variety of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrobial therapy is used both to contain infections and to treat those that have not been contained (bacteremia). Bacterial resistance, especially to penicillins and tetracyclines, but also to newer agents of other classes, continues to increase and often requires treatment with more than one drug. Combination therapy is also frequently necessary in serious infections, and is indicated for empiric management before receiving results of in vitro microbiology laboratory tests. However, recent results suggest that monotherapy for anaerobic infections may dominate in the future, although combination therapy has been the mainstay of antimicrobial therapy. Selection of an agent must take into account the site of infection and thus the bacteria most likely to be found. It should be kept in mind that in vitro susceptibility is not the only determinant of antimicrobial effectiveness. The pharmacology of the drug--absorption, distribution, concentration in body fluids and tissues, and metabolism--also plays an important role. Finally, the nature and severity of the underlying illness, the toxicity of the agent, and costs must be considered.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗