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Luminescent investigation data of the tissue blood circulation and microcirculation in the limbs in 29 patients (in 25 of them with the main arteries occlusion) were adduced. Significance of the luminescent investigation of the limbs blood circulation in the diagnosis of the tissue blood circulation and microcirculation infringement degree was determined.
We developed a new method to measure the total circulating blood volume using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled autologous red blood cell as an indicator. Red blood cells were labeled by incubation with 0.1 mg.ml-1 FITC in PBS (pH 7.2) for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Eighteen dogs were given an intravenous injection of FITC labeled red blood cells, which were approximately 0.1% of the total circulating red blood cells estimated from the body weight. The ratio of labeled cells to the normal circulating red blood cells was determined by a flow cytometry. The total blood volume was calculated from its dilution rate. The average circulating blood volume determined by this method was 76.8 +/- 9.2 ml.kg-1 (mean +/- SD). This result coincides well with the values reported previously. This method using non radioactive tracers enables a reproducible measurement of circulating blood volume and its change with time.
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The time course of cardiovascular parameters in the course of citrate hemoperfusion was studied by routine noninvasive methods: tetrapolar thoracic rheoplethysmography, acceleration kineticocardiography, transesophageal diagnostic electrocardiostimulation, and electrocardiography. Hemoperfusion was carried out at a bloodstream velocity of 100 ml/min. Blood preserving agent glucigar was used for blood stabilization, with the citrate to blood ratio 1:1 maintained. Analysis of changes in the central hemodynamics and phase structure of left-ventricular systole was carried out in two groups of patients with the normo- and hypodynamic circulation. No appreciable changes in the hemo- and cardiodynamics were observed over the course of hemoperfusion with sodium citrate stabilization in patients with normodynamic circulation, nor were any adverse reactions on the part of the cardiovascular system observed in the patients with hypodynamic circulation. Reliable changes in the electrophysiological parameters were not recorded either. Moreover, hemosorption did not involve arrhythmias or conduction disorders.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of a modification of the carbon monoxide method of estimating the circulating blood volume. DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study comparing two methods for estimating the circulating blood volume. Carbon monoxide kinetics were studied by computer simulation. SETTING: Intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Intensive care patients receiving intermittent positive-pressure ventilation and healthy volunteers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The circulating blood volume was determined from measurements of the carbon monoxide saturation of hemoglobin before and after rebreathing a gas mixture containing 20 to 50 mL of carbon monoxide for a period of 10 to 15 mins. A specially designed Water's "to & fro" system was developed to avoid any leakage during intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Blood samples were taken before, during, and immediately after rebreathing. The amount of carbon monoxide administrated during each rebreathing maneuver resulted in an average increase in the carbon monoxide saturation of hemoglobin of 3.6%. The washin of carbon monoxide was completed within the first 4 to 6 mins of the rebreathing period in nine healthy subjects and within 10 mins in 12 intensive care patients. The 95% limits of agreement between the carbon monoxide method and the radioactive isotope-labeling method was +/- 540 mL (+/- 2 SD). CONCLUSION: Determination of circulating blood volume can be performed with sufficient accuracy using an amount of carbon monoxide that gives rise to an unharmful increase in the carboxyhemoglobin concentration.
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The uptake of the antimicrobial quinolone agent, grepafloxacin, both by human circulating blood neutrophils and by those exudated into tissues, was evaluated in vitro by comparing the intracellular drug concentrations. In circulating blood neutrophils, the uptake of grepafloxacin was rapid and saturable at 37 degrees C. The uptake of grepafloxacin into circulating blood neutrophils was reduced by lowering the environmental temperature or by the presence of metabolic inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of an active transport mechanism. Furthermore, the uptake of grepafloxacin by tissue (salivary) neutrophils was also partially temperature-dependent and was significantly greater than that by circulating blood neutrophils, i.e. exudation of neutrophils into tissue results in a markedly enhanced transport mechanism for grepafloxacin. This phenomenon may be related to the higher defense activity against infection seen in exudated tissue neutrophils.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Fourteen patients undergoing open-heart surgery received intermittent or continuous postoperative autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood (minimum 400 ml during 6 h after surgery) collected in the cardiotomy reservoir. Hematologic variables and changes in the coagulation, fibrinolytic and plasma kallikrein-kinin systems were investigated in the reservoir blood at the beginning and after 6 h of autotransfusion, and in patient blood during and after surgery and before and after autotransfusion. Autotransfusion volume ranged from 400 to 1200 ml per patient (median 482 ml). The reservoir blood had a median haemoglobin level of 93 and 74 g/l, a platelet count of 71 and 119 x 10(9)/l, and plasma haemoglobin level of 3110 and 4100 mg/l before and after 6 h of autotransfusion, respectively. Further examination of the reservoir blood showed that it had undergone extensive coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as a moderate activation of the kallikrein-kinin system. Despite these extensive alterations in the reservoir blood, no major change could be found in the circulating blood after autotransfusion, except for a moderate increase in plasma haemoglobin from 180 mg/l to 430 mg/l. The clinical safety and simplicity of this technique were confirmed for autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood up to 1200 ml.
Recent analyses of circulating blood B cells in myeloma have generated controversy concerning the exact levels of these cells and whether they may represent circulating clonal tumor B cells. Previous reports suggested that CD19+ B cells are markedly increased in myeloma patients and that this population shares clonotypic rearrangements with the malignant plasma cell. We studied the numbers of CD19+ B cells by flow cytometry in previously untreated newly diagnosed myeloma patients in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) phase III trial E9486. There were 628 patients who were eligible for the clinical protocol E9486, but of these 521 were also entered on the companion laboratory study (E9487) and had CD19 data. In comparison with normal controls, the myeloma patients exhibited a marked heterogeneity in the number of circulating CD19+ B cells as detected by flow cytometry. Approximately 20% of patients had significantly increased levels of circulating CD19+ B cells. However, the total CD19+ blood population from myeloma was not significantly different from the median of age-matched, normal controls. Analysis of CD19+ blood cells in relationship to circulating clonal cells was done in 13 myeloma patients using a clonotypic, quantitative allele-specific oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. No correlation was found between the numbers of CD19+ B cells (range, 5% to 51%) and PCR estimates of the number of clonal cells in the peripheral blood (range, .009% to 3.6%). Low CD19+ B-cell level (<125 microL) was associated with clinical stage III (P = .033). A significant relationship exists between higher levels (> or = 125/microL) of CD19 cells and longer overall survival (P < .0001). In addition, high CD19 levels also predicted a clinical response and longer event-free survival. There was a strong inverse association between the level of CD19 values at diagnosis and infections within the first 2 months of diagnosis. Importantly, the number of deaths related to infections was significantly greater in the low versus high CD19 group (P < .0202). Also, CD19 is an independent prognostic factor in addition to plasma cell labeling indices, beta2-microglobulin, hemoglobin, and plasmablastic morphology. Patients with infections were more likely to have low levels of CD19+ cells. In summary, higher CD19+ cell levels are a favorable prognostic sign with no apparent relationship to circulating tumor cells. In addition, this analysis strongly suggests that low peripheral blood levels of CD19+ cells are an adverse prognostic sign in myeloma. The CD19+ cell levels in myeloma patients is an important parameter in the overall assessment of these patients.
By means of dopplerometry there were examined the blood flows in uterine arteries, funic arteries, internal carotid arteries of fetuses of 34 women in III trimester of a pregnancy with a threat of a premature birth. Cerebral blood flow in newborns was estimated on the 1-st and the 5-th days of life in anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Control group included 20 women with the physiologic pregnancies and their 20 newborns. In all children developed under the conditions of insufficiency of uterine and fetoplacental blood circulation there were observed the disorders of cerebral blood circulation, which became manifested clinically in birth by the disorders of cerebral circulation of light (in 16), average (in 13) and severe (in 5) degree.
The renal blood circulation was studied in 17 children aged 3 to 14 using a method of adaptive simulation of the organ blood flow. The main condition for radiorenoangiography is to place correctly a gamma-chamber of the heart, lungs and kidneys in the field of vision of the crystal. It is a requisite condition for the calculation of absolute and relative renal perfusion depending on the cardiac ejection. If a patient's body size does not make it possible to have the heart and kidneys in the field of vision of the collimator at a time, one can choose the spleen as the "model" organ. The analysis of angiographic results has shown that the share of the cardiac ejection which is responsible for the renal circulation and organ function respectively, is quite a stable value that is not associated with a patient's age and body mass. Irrespective of the state of the central hemodynamics and a patient's age, the most objective information on renal perfusion proceeds from an analysis of relative indices (or perfusion indices) that are calculated on the basis of the cardiac ejection expressed in percentage (or another model organ).
In order to clarify the origin and release mechanism of plasminogen activator in the tracheobronchial secretion of rats, electrophoretic analysis of the secretion and studies on the effects of certain vasoactive drugs on the activator activity in the secretion were carried out. From the results of electrophoretic analysis of the tracheobronchial secretion in non-treated rats, protease inhibitor composed of glycoprotein was not contained in the secretion in contrast to the circulating blood, but a protein of low molecular weight like albumin in the circulating blood was contained in the secretion. Furthermore, after injection of noradrenalin, the blood pressure was temporarily elevated and the fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fraction in the circulatory blood was also increased. Subsequent to this elevation of fibrinolytic activity in the circulating blood, the fibrinolytic activity in the tracheobronchial secretion increased. Based on these results, it is suggested that the increase of fibrinolytic activity in the circulating blood was due to increased release of plasminogen activator from the vascular wall, and the increased fibrinolytic activity of the tracheobronchial secretion was caused by a consequent increased transudation of plasminogen activator from the circulating blood into the tracheobronchial lumen.
In pharmacokinetic studies, a variety of analytical method including radioisotopic detection and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) has been used. In the present investigation, we developed in vivo BCM (Blood Circulation Monitoring)-ESR method, which is a new technique with a conventional X-band ESR spectrometer for observing stable free radicals in the circulating blood of living rats under anaesthesia. Both 5-(PROXYL derivatives) and 6-(TEMPO d derivatives) membered nitroxide spin probes with various types of substituent functional group were used. After physico-chemical properties of the spin probes such as hyperfine coupling constant (A-value), g-value and partition coefficient as well as chemical stability of the compounds in the fresh blood were obtained, the in vivo BCM-ESR method was performed in normal rats. Several pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life of the probes, distribution volume, total body clearance and mean residence time were obtained and discussed in terms of their chemical structures. In addition, clearance of a spin probe was related to the urine concentration. The BCM-ESR method was found to be very useful to observe free radicals at the real time. By time-dependent ESR signal decay of spin probes, pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained.
Fetal central blood circulation was evaluated in 21 uncomplicated pregnancies every other week from the 27th gestational week till term. Blood flow in the fetal descending thoracic and abdominal aorta and in the intra-abdominal umbilical vein was measured with a combined ultrasound real-time and 2 MHz pulsed Doppler technique. The mean fetal blood velocities were fairly constant at the three measuring sites during the last trimester: 34.6 cm X s-1 (S.D. 5.5), 32.7 cm X s-1 (S.D. 5.5) and 12.6 cm X s-1 (S.D. 3.1), respectively. The aortic diameter increased with gestational age, whereas the umbilical vein diameter increased until the 34th gestational week followed by a stagnation. The mean weight-related blood flow in the fetal thoracic descending aorta decreased slightly towards term (from 240.8 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (S.D. 53.6) in the 28th week to 212.6 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (S.D. 37.3). In the umbilical vein, the corresponding blood flow decrease was linear and more pronounced: from 138.7 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (S.D. 76.0) to 65.2 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (S.D. 14.2). The results indicate that the placental proportion of fetal blood flow decreases with gestational age.