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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: Until recently, magnetic resonance was the only imaging method capable of assessing the levator ani in vivo. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has recently been shown to be able to demonstrate the pubovisceral muscle. The aim of this study was to define the anatomy of the levator hiatus in young nulliparous women with the help of 3D ultrasound. METHODS: In a prospective observational study, 52 nulligravid female Caucasian volunteers (aged 18-24 years) were assessed by two-dimensional (2D) and 3D translabial ultrasound after voiding whilst supine. Pelvic organ descent was assessed on Valsalva maneuver. Volumes were acquired at rest and on Valsalva maneuver, and biometric indices of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus were determined in the axial and coronal planes. RESULTS: In the axial plane, average diameters of the pubovisceral muscle were 0.4-1.1 cm (mean 0.73 cm). Average area measurements were 7.59 (range, 3.96-11.9) cm2. The levator hiatus at rest varied from 3.26 to 5.84 (mean 4.5) cm in the sagittal direction, and from 2.76 to 4.8 (mean 3.75) cm in the coronal plane. The hiatus area at rest ranged from 6.34 to 18.06 (mean 11.25) cm2 increasing to 14.05 (6.67-35.01) cm(2) on Valsalva maneuver (P = 0.009). There were significant correlations between pelvic organ mobility and hiatus area at rest (P = 0.018 to P < 0.001) and on Valsalva maneuver (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Biometric indices of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus can be determined by 3D ultrasound. Significant correlations exist between hiatal area and pelvic organ descent. These data provide support for the hypothesis that levator ani anatomy plays an independent role in determining pelvic organ support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus: biometry and morphology of 100 dry bones.

The dimensions and morphology of a critical zone of the intertubercular sulcus (ITS) of the humerus were specified for 100 dry bones. The upper part of the ITS was narrow and at an angle with the lower part. The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle (TLBB) was particularly worn down during its course through this critical zone. The critical zone extended from the first perceptible proximal depression to the distal extremity of the lesser tubercle. It showed a proximal part of 12.4 mm (standard deviation = 2.23) and a distal part of 15.1 mm (s.d. = 3.37). The two parts made an angle of 142 degrees (s.d. = 7.87). Its total length was 28.5 mm (s.d. = 4.74), depth 2.44 mm (s.d. = 0.49), width 6.33 mm (s.d. = 0.84). The supratubercular ridge was the only bony variation, found in 45% of the bones of this series. Bony abnormalities were of three types: (1) calcifications in 39% of the bones, (2) lateral spurs in 32% and medial spurs in 23%, (3) degenerative changes in 9% of the bones. Biometric considerations showed that the TLBB inside the ITS was unstable. The supratubercular ridge could increase this instability and thus favor disease of the tendon. Bony abnormalities which may be associated with TLBB lesions, can be seen in radiographs.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1989

Biometry of infrarenal inferior vena cava measured by cavography. Clinical applications.

Placement of a transvenous vena cava filter has became a common way to control recurrent pulmonary embolism. However few studies have been reported on the diameter of the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IIVC) where the device is usually placed. This study based upon 100 cavographies has showed the calculated average diameter of IIVC was 20.9 mm (range 12-27 mm) in its middle part and 21.3 mm (range 10-31 mm) in its terminal end. The calculated average IIVC length was 96 mm (range 80.3-142 mm). There was no statistical correlation between caval size and age, sex, height, weight and corporeal area. There was a statistical difference of left renal vein location between patients presenting with lumbar arthrosis and those without. We discuss different methods to measure IIVC in particular tomodensitometry. CT scans reviewed in our department show that the largest diameter of IIVC is not in a frontal plane and that the width seen on cavography is the projection of the largest diameter on the film. Therefore, the range of the real caval diameters is greater than indicated above.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Automated biometry and densitography of anterior segment of the eye.

Twenty-eight fresh donor eyes (Georgia Lions Eye Bank), ranging in age from 4 months to 87 years, were utilized for an in vitro study to determine the feasibility of obtaining accurate AC diameter measurements with our Scheimpflug UV-visible slit lamp densitography apparatus. The in vivo study was performed on 16 hybrid monkeys (of varying age). These data were within 0.1 mm of measurements obtained with a modified paracentesis needle specially designed to obtain such measurements (sensitivity within 0.01 mm). The results of the foregoing study demonstrate that Scheimpflug slit lamp photographic analysis can measure the AC diameter accurately without entering the globe surgically. This will enable the surgeon to determine the AC diameter and order an anterior chamber IOL of a specified size prior to surgery. We have devised an automated program to analyze the negatives and provide direct AC diameter measurements. In addition, this program can provide other data including: (1) radius of curvature of anterior and posterior cornea and corneal thickness; (2) depth of anterior chamber; (3) radius of curvature of anterior and posterior lens surfaces and lens thickness; and (4) densitographic analysis of cornea and lens with UV as well as visible light, thus providing fluorescence data for these two tissues as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasonographic biometry in normal salivary glands.

Specifications about the sizes of normal salivary glands are not available. We used ultrasonography to determine the sizes of the submandibular and parotid glands in 50 subjects, who were not suffering from diseases of the salivary glands. Volunteers were distributed equally concerning sex and age. Body weight did not differ more than 20% from ideal weight. Dimensions of the submandibular glands were: anterior-posterior length, 35 +/- 5.7 mm; paramandibular extension to gland depth, 14.3 +/- 5.7 mm; extension in frontal scanning, 33.7 +/- 5.4 mm. The parotid glands measured 46.3 +/- 7.7 mm in the axis parallel to the mandibular ramus and 37.4 +/- 5.6 mm in a transverse axis. The extensions of the parotid parenchyma were 7.4 +/- 1.7 mm lateral to the mandible and 22.8 +/- 3.6 mm dorsal to the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Testing, estimating, "significance"--concepts and terminology of medical biometry].

The justification for the application of medical treatments and diagnostic methods has gained importance during the last decades. Together with scientific argumentations also the concepts of medical statistics have found a wide-spread use and are nowadays indispensible tools for clinical research. In publications of clinical trials, epidemiological investigations and animal experiments p-values, statistical tests and confidence intervals help the reader to evaluate the significance and relevance of the provided results. A prerequisite is a clear understanding of the concepts underlying these methodological terms. This paper presents the basic concepts of medical statistics and demonstrates the conclusions that can be drawn with the aid of these concepts.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Biometry and refractive outcome of eyes filled with silicone oil by standardized echography and partial coherence interferometry.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the validity of calculations for refractive outcome in cataract surgery in silicone oil-filled eyes. The retrosilicone space (RSS) was included in these calculations. METHODS: In a prospective study the axial length (AL) of silicone oil-filled eyes was measured. with standardized A-scan echography (SAE) and partial coherence interferometry (PCI). Meldrum's formula was used to transform the velocity of ultrasound within the vitreous cavity. To investigate whether refractive outcome can be calculated accurately, we assessed the difference between precalculated and final refractive outcome. Furthermore, we determined the advantages and disadvantages of SAE and PCI. A minor aim was to assess whether the AL of the two eyes differed significantly. RESULTS: In 85% of 117 eyes the difference between precalculated and postsurgical refraction was smaller than 1 diopter spherical and statistically not significant (p>0.2). The mean AL was 24.1 mm (range 20.0-31.4 mm). The difference in outcome between the two methods was without statistical significance: the AL difference was 0.4 (+/-2.6) mm on measurement with SAE and 0.04 (+/-0.46) mm with PCI. PCI has the advantage that it can be performed more easily, without contact, while echography is advantageous in the presence of advanced cataracts. In supine position an oil-free fluid space behind the silicone oil was detected with echography. The mean dimension of this space was 1.9 (+/-0.67) mm and it was taken into consideration for IOL calculation. The mean AL difference between the two eyes was 0.4 mm, but the difference was greater than 1 mm in 26% of the patients. CONCLUSION: The AL of eyes filled with silicone oil can be measured reliably with SAE and PCI. In supine position the RSS has to be considered to obtain more accurate IOL calculations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Sonographic biometry of liver and spleen size long after closure of abdominal wall defects.

UNLABELLED: Little is known about the fate of the liver and spleen after closure of the abdominal cavity in patients with abdominal wall defects (AWD). Therefore, counselling families for long-term follow-up and in the case of surgery for acute disease, pregnancy or trauma may be difficult. A total of 18 patients ranging in age from 7 to 18 years, with AWD closed at birth, underwent ultrasound evaluation of liver and spleen size by determination of the index of liver size (ILS) and splenic volume (SV). These values were then correlated with some anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI) and weight; correlation was also sought with some clinical features such as type of defect and direct or staged closure. Nearly all subjects exhibited weight above and BMI below the 50th percentile for age. ILS and SV were significantly above normal limits in all cases and no difference was found with regard to the type of defect. CONCLUSION: In patients having undergone surgery for abdominal wall defects, liver and spleen usually regain their normal shape and position even though size and volume appear to be larger than in normal controls.

Adolescent↗