PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Brain Neoplasms”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Adult Arnold-Chiari malformation and intrinsic brain stem neoplasm: a difficult differential diagnosis.

The occurrence of a brain stem neoplasm in three adults previously treated for an adult Arnold-Chiari malformation is reported. The diagnosis of adult Arnold-Chiari malformation had been confirmed by angiography and computed tomographic scanning. All patients were treated with a combination of ventricular shunts and posterior fossa decompression. The diagnosis of brain stem neoplasm was not made until late in the clinical course, and all patients died within 2 years of the onset of symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Thymic CD8+ T cell production strongly influences tumor antigen recognition and age-dependent glioma mortality.

For unknown reasons, advanced age remains a dominant predictor of poor clinical outcome for nearly all cancers. A decrease in the production of T cells by the thymus accompanies normal aging and parallels the age-dependent increase in cancer progression, but the specific impact of immunity on tumor progression in general is unknown. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary brain neoplasm, is characterized by rapid age-dependent rates of progression and death. In this study, we show levels of CD8(+) recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) accounted for the prognostic power of age on clinical outcome in GBM patients. CD8(+) RTEs, typically a tiny proportion of CD8(+) T cells, remarkably accounted for the majority of tumor Ag-binding small precursor cells in PBMC from these patients and from healthy individuals. Large blasting tumor Ag-binding cells comprised of CD8(+) RTEs and phenotypically related cells were predominantly expanded following experimental vaccination of GBM patients. Quantification of CD8(+) RTE expansion in vivo correlated strongly with vaccine-elicited cytokine responses, and estimated numbers of expanding CD8(+) RTEs were consistent predictors of clinical outcome in vaccinated GBM patients. Targeted mutant (CD8beta(-/-)) mice specifically deficient in thymic CD8(+) T cell production uniquely displayed an age-specific decrease in glioma host survival as well as a strong correlation between host survival and thymus cellular production. These findings suggest that levels and function of newly produced CD8(+) T cells critically influence age-dependent cancer mortality and exert one of the strongest known influences on GBM outcome by predominantly mediating clinically beneficial antitumor immune responses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical improvement induced by chemotherapy and social rehabilitation in a preterminal case of brain stem neoplasm: the objective and instrumental aspects].

A sixteen-years-old boy with a brain-stem neoplasia inducing coma was treated with chemotherapeutic agents. It resulted in dramatic clinical and instrumental improvement; radiologic findings were evaluated, showing decreasing dimension of intracranial mass. Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials were highly sensitive. We think that chemotherapy can be considered among the options a physician can offer to such a patient explaining informed consensus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the evaluation of pediatric brain tumors, Part II: Clinical analysis.

Over a 1-year period (1994-1995), 75 children with brain neoplasms were evaluated with a new automated magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) software package called Proton Brain Exam/Single-Voxel (PROBE/SV) to determine the efficacy of this modality in children. The children ranged in age from newborn to 17 years and were comprised of 30 girls and 45 boys. The types of brain neoplasms consisted of 45 astrocytomas, 4 medulloblastomas, 2 ependymomas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 3 germinomas, 1 pineoblastoma, 2 teratomas, 1 choroid plexus papilloma, 4 meningiomas, 2 astroblastomas, 3 rhabdoids, and 5 metastases from primary brain neoplasms. All children underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the same setting as the MRS examination. The MRS examination was performed with the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) pulse sequence in all children, and occasionally the point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence also was used. Qualitative spectra were obtained in all children, and at times quantification data also were obtained. We found that our spectra over the brain neoplasms were consistent with the MRS findings of brain neoplasms in the literature. There was markedly elevated choline with markedly decreased or absent N-acetylasparate and at times elevated lactate and lipid peaks. In children with meningiomas, there was also an elevated alanine peak. We found MRS to be extremely useful in 1) characterizing a brain mass as a neoplasm, 2) differentiating radiation necrosis and radiation-induced meningiomas from the recurrent primary tumor, 3) following treatment response of the primary neoplasm, 4) differentiating residual or recurrent primary neoplasm from postsurgical changes, and 5) identifying inactive neoplasms or neoplasms in remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Development and clinical application of a brain stereotactic endoscope].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, indications and advantages of endoscopic surgery for brain neoplasms and hypertensive haematoma. METHOD: A self-designed brain endoscope with a wide working channel was used for resection of deep-seated brain neoplasm or other cranial cerebral operations of 30 patients operated on endoscopically, 13 had intracranial tumor, 15 hypertensive intracerebral haematoma, 1 thalamic abscess, and 1 cysticercosis. RESULT: Total removal of tumor was achieved in 4 patients, subtotal or major partial removal in 7, and biopsy in 2. Completely evacuation of haematoma was achieved in 7 patients and partial evacuation in 8 (over 80%). The abscess was evacuated and the solitary cysticercosis focus was removed with our endoscope. No obvious postoperative complications were noted. CONCLUSION: The advantages of stereotactic endoscopy for deep-seated brain neoplasm include accurate intraoperative localization, minimal invasion, good recovery, no or a few complications. The indications for this intervention are small lesions deep in the brain parenchyma with well-defined boundary and light vascularity. Intracerebral haematoma can be evacuated under direct vision endoscopically, without damage to the haematoma cavity wall.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neoplasms of the brain stem: clinico-pathologic correlations].

We report here the clinico-pathological data about 4 patients with brainstem tumors. Clinical symptoms were variable but allowed a correct topical diagnosis. On the other hand, all the neuroradiological examinations, especially CT scan of the brain, resulted always negative or without diagnostic value. Good results for the diagnosis were given by pneumoencephalography and ventriculography. The neuropathological examination revealed one spongioblastoma, two malignant astrocytomas and one pontine metastasis of carcinoma of esophagus. Diagnostic troubles, even with modern and sophisticated techniques are stressed here. The clinician should not overweight negative results obtained with these techniques and every time include in the differential diagnosis brainstem tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Similar carcinogenic effects in rats of 1-ethyl-1-nitroso-3-hydroxyethylurea and 1-hydroxyethyl-1-nitroso-3-ethylurea.

The two isomeric N-nitroso derivatives of the dialkylurea, 1-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)urea, were given by gavage to 20 male F344 rats for 30 weeks at equimolar doses. The tumorigenic responses were compared with those to a similar dose of nitrosoethylurea or nitroso-2-hydroxyethylurea. Each of the nitrosomonoalkylureas caused death from tumors more rapidly than the analogous nitrosodialkylurea. Each of the nitrosodialkylureas induced a broader spectrum of tumors in the rats than did either nitrosoethylurea or nitroso-2-hydroxyethylurea, including neoplasms of the thyroid, lung, skin, colon, mesotheliomas and neoplasms of the brain and liver in high incidence, the last two of which were not seen in animals given the nitrosomonoalkylureas. On the other hand, there were fewer tumors of the forestomach in rats given the nitrosodialkylureas than with the nitrosomonoalkylureas. The major difference between 1-nitroso-1-ethyl-3-hydroxyethylurea and 1-nitroso-1-hydroxyethyl-3-ethylurea was that the former induced only neoplastic nodules in the liver of 30% of the rats, while the latter induced hepatocellular carcinomas in 55% of the rats; approximately half of the rats given either compound had brain neoplasms, which included astrocytomas, gliomas and oligodendrogliomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Human meningioma antigens.

Sera from patients with various types of central nervous system tumors display antibodies reactive in serologic assays with cells and extracts derived from human brain neoplasms. Soluble antigens extracted and purified from surgical specimens of human meningiomas (MSA) were used to test for precipitating antibodies in sera from patients with various histologic types of brain tumors, non-neural solid tumors and from normal donors. Blind studies by immunodiffusion (ID) showed that 63% (15/24) of meningioma patients, 53% (9/17) of glioma patients and 17% (5/29) of patients with various other brain neoplasms had antibodies that reacted with two of three meningioma-associated antigens. Sera from normal donors and patients with non-neural solid neoplasms reacted to a limited extent (7/118) with another of these tumor-associated antigens. Cross-reaction and absorption studies revealed that the three meningioma-associated antigens were detecting different antibodies. None of the antigens was related to HLA antigens or to the human non-neurotropic viruses used in our assays.

Absorption↗
PubMed1998

The specificity of ultrasound in the detection of fetal intracranial tumors.

AIMS: To evaluate the specificity of ultrasound in identifying fetal brain neoplasms and its accuracy in the diagnosis of the tumor's histological type. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 7 cases of fetal brain tumors occurred at our unit in the period between January 92 and June 98 has been performed. All prenatal ultrasonographic diagnoses were compared with the postnatal findings on the aborted fetuses (post-mortem examination) or on the newborns (MRI or post-mortem examination). RESULTS: In 6 out of 7 cases the antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of brain tumor was confirmed postnatally, in one case a supratentorial arachnoid cyst was mistaken for a teratoma with cystic components (86% specificity in the diagnosis of congenital brain neoplasms). Out of the 6 cases of suspected teratomas, one revealed to be a glioblastoma, one an arachnoid cyst and one a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The prenatal diagnosis was confirmed in the case of choroid plexus papilloma. Prenatal ultrasonography was accurate in identifying the tumor's histological type in the 57% of the cases. The diagnoses were not modified by the transvaginal scans performed in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal ultrasonography is a useful tool to identify any intracranial space-occupying lesion larger than 10 mm. In the present study it has shown an 86% specificity in the diagnosis of brain neoplasms. However the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing the tumor's histological type was limited (57%).

Brain Neoplasms↗