PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Clostridioides difficile”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Clostridium difficile--Associated diarrhea: A review.

Clostridium difficile causes 300 000 to 3 000 000 cases of diarrhea and colitis in the United States every year. Antibiotics most frequently associated with the infection are clindamycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins, but all antibiotics may predispose patients to C difficile infection. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic colonization to mild diarrhea to severe debilitating disease, with high fever, severe abdominal pain, paralytic ileus, colonic dilation (or megacolon), or even perforation. The most sensitive and specific test available for diagnosis of C difficile infection is a tissue culture assay for the cytotoxicity of toxin B. However, this test takes 1 to 3 days to complete and requires tissue culture facilities. Detection of C difficile toxin by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay is more rapid and inexpensive. A minority of patients may require more than 1 stool assay to detect toxin. Oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin hydrochloride for 10 to 14 days are equally effective at resolving clinical symptoms; oral metronidazole is preferred in most cases because of lowered cost and less selective pressure for vancomycin-resistant organisms. Approximately 15% of patients experience relapse after initial therapy and require retreatment, sometimes with an extended, tapering regimen. Immunity appears to be incomplete and predominantly mediated by serum IgG to toxin A. Measures for preventing the spread of the pathogen, appropriate diagnostic testing, and treatment may avert morbidity and mortality due to C difficile-associated diarrhea.

Clostridioides difficile↗
PubMed2006

Cholesterol, it's not just for heart disease anymore.

Recent studies have shown that cholesterol plays a significant role in the ability of Toxin A from Clostridium difficile to enter eukaryotic cells. The translocation process is one of three major steps during intoxication that could be targeted for intervention against the severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by C. difficile.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1992

[Typing system for Clostridium difficile by western blotting using antisera against ten different serogroup strains].

Western blotting using antisera against each of reference ten serogroups was evaluated as a typing system for Clostridium difficile. A total of 164 isolates of C. difficile (114 epidemiologically unrelated and 50 isolates from a hospital outbreak in New York) were tested. Blotting patterns for the ten reference strains showed serogroup-specific bands located in the 30-60 kDa when each homologous antiserum was used. At greater than 60 kDa, variations in each serogroups were observed; these variations were used for subserogrouping the isolates. Serogroup A, G, H, and K were most frequently recovered in the group of epidemiologically unrelated isolates. Subserogroup G-1 strains of serogroup G was isolated from 28 of 36 patients (78%) of the hospital outbreak. The result suggested that the subserogroup G-1 strain was the major cause of infection in the hospital outbreak. A total of 46 of the 114 unrelated isolates (40.4%) and 9 of 50 outbreak isolates (18%) did not react with any of reference antisera and classified as nontypable. The western blotting was found to be useful not only as an epidemiological tool but as a typing system for C. difficile.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed2006

Genomic organization and molecular characterization of Clostridium difficile bacteriophage PhiCD119.

In this study, we have isolated a temperate phage (PhiCD119) from a pathogenic Clostridium difficile strain and sequenced and annotated its genome. This virus has an icosahedral capsid and a contractile tail covered by a sheath and contains a double-stranded DNA genome. It belongs to the Myoviridae family of the tailed phages and the order Caudovirales. The genome was circularly permuted, with no physical ends detected by sequencing or restriction enzyme digestion analysis, and lacked a cos site. The DNA sequence of this phage consists of 53,325 bp, which carries 79 putative open reading frames (ORFs). A function could be assigned to 23 putative gene products, based upon bioinformatic analyses. The PhiCD119 genome is organized in a modular format, which includes modules for lysogeny, DNA replication, DNA packaging, structural proteins, and host cell lysis. The PhiCD119 attachment site attP lies in a noncoding region close to the putative integrase (int) gene. We have identified the phage integration site on the C. difficile chromosome (attB) located in a noncoding region just upstream of gene gltP, which encodes a carrier protein for glutamate and aspartate. This genetic analysis represents the first complete DNA sequence and annotation of a C. difficile phage.

Bacteriophages↗