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Results for “Colonic Diseases, Functional”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Laser Doppler flowmetry as a measure of extrinsic colonic innervation in functional bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: In functional disorders it is unknown whether disturbed function is due to an intrinsic gut abnormality or altered extrinsic innervation. AIMS: To study whether measurement of mucosal blood flow could be used as a quantitative direct measure of gut extrinsic nerve autonomic activity in patients with idiopathic constipation. METHODS: Seventy two patients with idiopathic constipation and 26 healthy volunteers had rectal mucosal blood flow measurements by a laser Doppler flowmetry probe applied 10 cm from the anus. Measurements were made at rest and after inhaled placebo and ipratropium 40 microg. RESULTS: Constipated subjects had lower baseline rectal blood flow than controls. Patients with slow transit had lower mucosal blood flow than normal transit. The number of retained markers on x-ray was inversely correlated with blood flow. Ipratropium reduced blood flow compared with placebo, reduced it less in constipated patients than controls, and reduced it less in patients with slow compared with normal transit. Constipated patients, not controls, showed a significantly attenuated RR interval (the interval between successive R waves on the ECG) variability, and blood flow correlated with vagal function. CONCLUSIONS: Laser Doppler mucosal flowmetry is a gut specific, quantitative measure of extrinsic autonomic nerve activity. The technique has shown that patients with idiopathic constipation have impaired extrinsic gut nerve activity, and this is more notable in those with slow transit. The degree of slow transit correlates with the degree of impaired extrinsic innervation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Refined carbohydrate, smooth-muscle spasm and disease of the colon.

A diet high in refined carbohydrate is implicated in the aetiology of some diseases of the colon-i.e., diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, non-occlusive ischaemic colitis, and pseudomembranous colitis. It is suggested that spasm of the smooth muscle is the common pathogenetic mechanism in these colonic diseases. The strength of the spasm producing increased pressure in the colonic lumen or wall and the length of time for which the colon has been affected are believed to determine the type of disease resulting. A diet high in refined carbohydrate allows the intense muscle spasm to occur because the physical buffering effect of faecal bulk is considerably reduced.

Colitis↗
PubMed1975

Colonic motility.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bradykinin↗
PubMed1984

Human colonic motility.

Abnormalities of colonic motility are believed to play a major role in many alimentary disorders. Progress in devising suitable therapies has been hampered by imperfect understanding of the complex factors that control colonic motility. Intrinsic and extrinsic nerves, endocrine and paracrine factors and the nature of the luminal contents all affect colonic motor activity (propulsive or segmental) in various degrees, the relative importance of which is difficult to assess. Recent evidence concerning these influences and abnormalities of colonic motility in various diseases is reviewed.

Colon↗
PubMed1984

Myoelectric and motor activity of the colon in normal and abnormal states.

The nature of colonic motility in normal subjects is discussed. Colonic myoelectrical control is disturbed in certain diseases: slow-wave activity may be affected, or the postprandial gastrocolonic spike response may be altered. Due to these changes in contractile activity, abnormal movement of materials through the colon takes place. These phenomena are reviewed with reference to the irritable colon syndrome, idiopathic constipation, diverticular disease, diabetes mellitus, peripheral systemic sclerosis, and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The treatment of hypermotile states requires the use of agents that diminish colonic motility. If the colon is inert, however, stimulating drugs, e.g. metoclopramide or prostigmine, are indicated.

Colon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electromanometry of the rectosigmoid in colonic diverticulosis.

In order to better understand the rectosigmoid motor activity in diverticular disease of the colon, we studied 186 patients, grouped according to their intestinal habit, the presence of diverticular disease and previous crisis of sigmoid diverticulitis. The intestinal habit was classified as: normal habit, irritable colon syndrome, diarrhea and constipation. The group of diverticulosis was classified by their intestinal habit and by diverticula localization (localized or generalized). The presence of systemic diseases or drug ingestion that could modify intestinal motility, were considered criteria for exclusion. The manometric study was preceded by food stimulus, with 650 kcal meal, by mechanic intestinal cleansing, with 500 ml of saline solution enema and by one hour resting period. A manometric catheter, was introduced by rectosigmoidoscopy, with open ended orifices situated at the sigmoid and upper rectum, respectively. The catheter was perfused by a capillary infusion system and the bowel pressures were registered for 30 minutes, in a thermal paper physiograph. We analyzed the % of activity, mean amplitude and motility index, by non parametric tests. No significant difference was observed between sexes. Difference or close to it were found for the groups with constipation, with or without diverticulosis, and for the latter in its subdivisions (localized, generalized and sigmoid diverticulitis). The rectal motor activity was similar in all groups. There was no difference for diverticulosis and its subdivision, when we take into account the several kinds of intestinal habits and the diverticula localization. The motility index averages showed low values for the sigmoid diverticulitis fact that suggests some dysfunction of this segment (hypocontractility). The key factor differentiating the groups was the presence of constipation and no influence was noted regarding the localization of diverticula or previous inflammatory process on intraluminal pressures. The fact that no difference was found in the mean amplitude or % of activity among patients with or without diverticulosis, suggests that the high pressures in a colonic segment, may not be responsible for the diverticular disease, and there must be other factors, besides motility, accounting for the development of the different forms of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety of colonoscopy.

The deterioration of three patients with ulcerative colitis shortly following colonoscopy made us question whether this was related to the colonoscopy or bowel preparation, this trial was set up to answer this question. A total of 105 patients were recruited and underwent full bowel preparation and colonoscopy. Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between patients with ulcerative colitis and controls with non-inflammatory disease in increase in bowel frequency, general well being or pain. In summary we conclude that full bowel preparation and colonoscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis managed as outpatients do not lead to a deterioration in their symptoms.

Adolescent↗