Language and communication; outline of program for research and training of mentally retarded children.
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A therapy study was conducted with 17 seriously chronically ill schizophrenic patients. Ten patients (Experimental Group) received a psychological therapy program of training in cognitive and communication/social skills (58 sessions of 60 min.). Seven further patients constituted a Control Group. Researched was the question of the potential for change of basic disorders respectively symptoms, and its effect on social behavior. In individual cases significant changes were recorded. As to the therapeutic effects, significant findings were obtained only conditionally. Implications and consequences are discussed in the résumé.
A MUMPS program called MAILBOX allows information to be more efficiently disseminated in a hospital department of clinical biochemistry. Readily accessible to all staff as the department is equipped with video display units in every laboratory and office, MAILBOX allows laboratory staff to send and read departmental messages; send, read, and save personal messages; sign in to and out of the department; and locate all other staff. Departmental messages containing information of general interest are automatically displayed on signing on to MAILBOX. Personal messages are directed to specific people, who are so informed when signing on; they can only be read by the sender and intended recipient(s).
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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the cost-benefits of a staff communications training program designed to improve patient management skills and relieve staff stress. METHODS: The interpersonal communications program, based on the Carkhuff model, was specially designed for mental health settings. The training program focused on developing accurate empathy by teaching staff members to use appropriate cognitive and emotional components of interpersonal communication. Staff on a short-stay adult inpatient recidivist unit received the training, while those on a matched unit served as a quasi-control group. Data from routine reports from six months before and six months after training were analyzed. The main cost-benefit variables of interest were improved staff retention and patient outcomes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The trained unit had less staff turnover, and staff members on that unit used less sick and annual leave. Fewer patients' rights complaints were filed, and fewer assaults on staff were reported. The cost-benefit analysis revealed substantial savings for the trained unit and increased expenditures for the control unit. The results suggested that training in empathic communication skills for direct care staff is a promising proactive, cost-effective approach to coping with staff stress and turnover and may also improve patient outcomes.
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Despite growing numbers of internships and residencies offering training in hypnotherapy, no systematic attempt has been made to assess hypnotherapy beliefs and use among former trainees in these settings. This study investigated posttraining hypnotherapy use and effectiveness beliefs in a sample of 77 former psychiatry residents and psychology interns. Over 50% of the study sample had sought additional hypnotherapy training beyond the standard lectures and seminars, and almost 30% had attended external hypnotherapy workshops or presentations. Beliefs in hypnotherapy effectiveness were high, but use of hypnotherapy in clinical practice was very low. Former residents and interns who had received supervised training with patients, who had attended hypnosis workshops, and who had a colleague using hypnotherapy were more likely to use hypnotherapy following training.
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ALERT is an intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) based on clinical case simulation. Its purpose is to assist in the training of general practitioners regarding the diagnosis and the control of serious, communicable, and rare diseases, such as anthrax, plague, and smallpox. ALERT provides both monitoring techniques and treatment protocols and is structured into two independent sections: one devoted to the simulation of the clinical case and the other to detailed description of disease.
As part of a broader program in health communication assistance, project staff from Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival worked with staff from Russia's oblast (regional) public health agencies to design and implement communication activities supporting local diphtheria immunization efforts. Because aggressive community outreach efforts and strong administrative sanctions had already achieved impressive adult coverage rates for first doses of diphtheria toxoid vaccine, communication interventions emphasized the need for second and third doses. Outcomes were assessed through vaccination coverage data and more qualitative measures. In one project site, the increase in adult coverage (two or more doses) was very modest. In a second site, with a stronger communications component, coverage increased significantly (from 20% to 80%). Although it is not possible to disentangle completely the effects of communications from other aspects of oblast immunization programs, these and other outcome data suggest that health communications can play an important role in Russia's ongoing mass immunization efforts.