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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

A methodological tool for computer-assisted surgery interface design: its application to computer-assisted pericardial puncture.

Computer Assisted Surgery systems are becoming more and more prevalent. Design processes currently used, pay only a small attention to the surgeon's interaction. To address this lack in design, we propose the OP-a-S notation: OP-a-S modeling of a system adopts an interaction-centered point of view and highlights the links between the real world and the virtual world. Based on an OP-a-S modeling, predictive usability analysis can be performed by considering the ergonomic property. We illustrate our method on the retro-design of a computer assisted surgical application, CASPER.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

An automated tool for an analysis of compliance to evidence-based clinical guidelines.

Evidence-based clinical guidelines have been developed in an attempt to decrease practice variation and improve patient outcomes. Although a number of studies and a few commercial products have attempted to measure guideline compliance, there still exists a strong need for an automated product that can take as input large amounts of data and create systematic and detailed profiles of compliance to evidence-based guidelines. The Guideline Compliance Assessment Tool is a product presently under development in our group that will accept as input medical and pharmacy claims data and create a guideline compliance profile that assesses provider practice patterns as compared to evidence-based standards. The system components include an episode of care grouper to standardize classifications of illnesses, an evidence-based guideline knowledge base that potentially contains information on several hundred distinct conditions, a guideline compliance scoring system that emphasizes systematic guideline variance rather than random variances, and an advanced data warehouse that would allow drilling into specific areas of interest. As provider profiling begins to shift away from a primary emphasis on cost to an emphasis on quality, automated methods for measuring guideline compliance will become important in measuring provider performance and increasing guideline usage, consequently improving the standard of care and the potential for better patient outcomes.

Computing Methodologies↗
PubMed2004

Quantification methodology for peripheral quantitative computed tomography (PQCT) data using public domain software.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for viewing, processing and acquiring 3-dimensional volumetric data from existing ovine spinal peripheral quantitative computed tomography (PQCT) scans of posterior lateral fusion. DESIGN: An image processing development study. BACKGROUND: Existing medical image viewing software can be expensive and difficult to adapt to meet specific research needs. The goals of this study were to produce volume rendering of PQCT scans through processing, masking, and segmentation using public domain software with established source code. METHODS: Raw data files (DICOM format) of 32 PQCT scans from animals receiving spine fusion were obtained. Metal hardware was removed from the images by masks and image segmentation. Calculation of bone macro-architecture volumetric data was performed on right and left sides of spines to quantify fusion volume in normalized segments between transverse processes. RESULTS: Images were acquired and opened. Application of image processing techniques made it possible to remove surgical hardware from original images with minimal loss of original PQCT data. Volumes were calculated and normalized to gray-scale of total bone throughout individual selected segments. CONCLUSION: Using public domain software is a cost effective means to view, process, and manipulate PQCT data. Bone macro-architecture can provide quantitative volumetric contributions to ascertain the role of structure on mechanical function.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Structure-activity study and design of multidrug-resistant reversal compounds by a computer automated structure evaluation methodology.

We have studied the relation between the structure and the multidrug resistance-reversal activity of a set of diverse chemicals with the MULTICASE structure-activity program. A number of key structural features were identified as being related to multidrug resistance reversal activity. Using these key features, we identified seven new compounds predicted to have substantial activity. These were obtained and tested experimentally on a CHO/CHRC5 cell line derived from the AB1 Chinese hamster ovary line in the presence of vincristine and vinblastine. Of the seven compounds tested so far, four showed substantial reversal activity, the most potent of them exhibiting activity at par with verapamil.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Object play in infants with autism: methodological issues in retrospective video analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Using a taxonomy of object play, this study describes methodological issues in using retrospective video analysis and computer-based coding as a research tool for early identification of autism. METHOD: Home videos of 32 infants with autism (n= 11), developmental delay (n= 10), and typical development (n= 11) were edited and analyzed for duration and highest level of object play in four hierarchical categories (exploratory, relational, functional, symbolic) using The Observer 3.0. RESULTS: The three groups had similar levels of engagement with objects, and no statistically significant differences in duration of exploratory play. Higher levels of play were rarely evident at 9-12 months, however, the highest level achieved (functional play) was apparent only in the typical group. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first naturalistic investigation of object play skills in infants with autism ages 9-12 months. It also demonstrates feasibility for using computer-based coding technology within the context of retrospective video analysis methods. Duration of exploratory play was not a discriminating feature of autism at this early age.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1985

Medicare program; schedule of limits on home health agency costs per visit for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1985--HCFA. Proposed notice.

This notice sets forth a proposed schedule of limits on home health agency (HHA) costs that may be reimbursed under the Medicare program. The schedule is an update of the limits to take into account more recent data and the effects of inflation on HHA operating costs and would apply to HHA costs for entire cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1985. The notice also explains the basic methodology for computing the cost limits and proposed changes to that methodology.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

On Bayesian calculations for mixture likelihoods and priors.

We present methodology for calculating Bayes factors between models as well as posterior probabilities of the models when the indicator variables of the models are integrated out of the posterior before Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) computations. Standard methodology would include the indicator functions as part of the MCMC computations. We demonstrate that our methodology can give substantially greater accuracy than the traditional approach. We illustrate the methodology using the model selection prior of George and McCulloch applied to logistic regression and to a mixture model for observations in a hierarchical random effects model.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1997

Pseudocontact shifts as constraints for energy minimization and molecular dynamics calculations on solution structures of paramagnetic metalloproteins.

The pseudocontact shifts of NMR signals, which arise from the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of paramagnetic molecules, have been used as structural constraints under the form of a pseudopotential in the SANDER module of the AMBER 4.1 molecular dynamics software package. With this procedure, restrained energy minimization (REM) and restrained molecular dynamics (RMD) calculations can be performed on structural models by using pseudocontact shifts. The structure of the cyanide adduct of the Met80Ala mutant of the yeast iso-1-cytochrome c has been used for successfully testing the calculations. For this protein, a family of structures is available, which was obtained by using NOE and pseudocontact shifts as constraints in a distance geometry program. The structures obtained by REM and RMD calculations with the inclusion of pseudocontact shifts are analyzed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

A novel method for tracking pedestrians from real-time video.

This novel method of Pedestrian Tracking using Support Vector (PTSV) proposed for a video surveillance instrument combines the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier into an optic-flow based tracker. The traditional method using optical flow tracks objects by minimizing an intensity difference function between successive frames, while PTSV tracks objects by maximizing the SVM classification score. As the SVM classifier for object and non-object is pre-trained, there is need only to classify an image block as object or non-object without having to compare the pixel region of the tracked object in the previous frame. To account for large motions between successive frames we build pyramids from the support vectors and use a coarse-to-fine scan in the classification stage. To accelerate the training of SVM, a Sequential Minimal Optimization Method (SMO) is adopted. The results of using a kernel-PTSV for pedestrian tracking from real time video are shown at the end. Comparative experimental results showed that PTSV improves the reliability of tracking compared to that of traditional tracking method using optical flow.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Automatic motion correction in dynamic radionuclide renography using image registration.

Time-activity curves from dynamic renograms can be analysed to yield important quantitative parameters. However, accurate results are dependent on curves being free from artefacts caused by patient movement. We describe a method to correct for both translational and rotational motion during renography. The method is image-based and does not require markers. Sequential dynamic frames are registered using an affine transform from which rotational and translational components are extracted by singular-value decomposition. Computer simulations demonstrate correction to < 1 pixel and < 1 degree. The method is also fast, with renograms comprising 75 frames of 64 x 64 pixels taking under 1 min for correction on a Sun SPARC 5.

Automation↗