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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Dens invaginatus type III in a mandibular premolar.

Dens invaginatus is a developmental malformation of teeth that frequently provides a route for bacterial infection of the dental pulp. It is most commonly seen in the maxillary lateral incisor. This case report describes a Type III dens invaginatus of the mandibular first premolar, with associated acute apical periodontitis. The invagination was treated by endodontic instrumentation and obturation, followed by coronal restoration using a glass ionomer base, and an occlusal composite resin. The pulp of the tooth tested vital upon presentation, and remained vital throughout treatment. Practitioners are reminded to carefully evaluate teeth with dens invaginatus for the possibility of maintaining pulp vitality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The individual with a pacemaker in the dental environment.

A systematic examination of the potential hazards of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers in patients in the dental environment was carried out with the use of several pulse generators of three manufacturers. Only one model was affected by the dental operatory equipment tested. In two of three patients 2-second periods of asystole were noted: this was accompanied by symptoms in one. Permanent pacemakers implanted in three dogs were unaffected by short or sustained stimulation with pulp vitality testers. A permanent pacemaker implanted in one dog was unaffected by short or sustained stimulation with an ultrasonic cleaner. Reliance on severe symptoms alone is a poor method of assessing interference in the clinical situation. Guidelines for protection of the patient wearing a pacemaker in the dental environment are given.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vital bleach of hemorrhagic discoloration.

An unusual case is presented of a maxillary central incisor with hemorrhagic discoloration that was successfully treated with the thermocatalytic vital bleach technique. This case emphasizes the need for a thorough radiographic and clinical examination to include vitality tests when a patient presents with a discolored tooth.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Possibilities of testing the biological acceptability of composite filling materials, with special reference to the microscopic test for pulp vitality. Review of the literature].

The main problem of microscopically observing the living pulpa consists in that it lies embedded into hard tissue. The haemodynamics of the pulpa may be defined by studying the physical parameters by examining the characteristics of blood flow and by the factors determining them. By comparison with other tissues little work is dealing with regulating the blood flow. The vital microscopic model of the rat incisor pulpa was first employed by Gängler to testing dental filling materials. The results thereof well complete the findings of standardized tests. On basis of the foregoing the sublining in case of clinical employment of composite filling materials is unconditionally suggested.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1993

Articaine and lidocaine for maxillary infiltration anesthesia.

This study was undertaken to compare the anesthetic properties of articaine hydrochloride with 1:200,000 epinephrine (Ultracain DS) and lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine (Xylocain-Adrenalin) for maxillary infiltration anesthesia. Twenty healthy dental student volunteers were included in this double-blind study. Each subject received 0.6 mL of each test solution at different times. Infiltration anesthesia was performed on the upper lateral incisor. The onset and duration of anesthesia were monitored using an electric pulp tester. No statistically significant differences were seen in the onset and duration of anesthesia between the articaine and lidocaine solutions.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effect of narcotic pain reliever on pulp tests in women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of one dose of a common narcotic-based pain reliever (Vicodin) on a battery of oral sensitivity tests across time in women. Fifteen Caucasian women randomly were given an oral dose of 10 mg of hydrocodone/1000 mg of acetaminophen or placebo in a double-blind, cross-over design. At baseline (before drug) and after 2, 4, and 8 h each subject was evaluated for sensitivity thresholds with four tests around an experimental tooth: (a) electric pulp tester applied to exposed root; (b) electric pulp tester on adjacent mucosa; (c) increasing probe pressure (grams) on adjacent mucosa; and (d) decreasing cold probe (degrees C) on the exposed root. The outcomes of all tests were not statistically different between drug and placebo treatments at any time point (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a systemic dose of hydrocodone/acetaminophen has little impact on healthy pulp or mucosa sensitivity in women as measured by common diagnostic tests.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

Injection regimen for anesthesia of the maxillary first molar.

This study evaluated whether a single or double injection is required to achieve first molar anesthesia. Subjects received posterosuperior alveolar nerve blocks. Presence or absence of anesthesia was evaluated with carbon dioxide dry ice pulp sensitivity testing. This was followed by mesial infiltration and a second pulp testing. The posterosuperior alveolar nerve block alone usually provided effective first molar anesthesia. A small percentage of subjects required an additional mesial infiltration to obtain anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Safety of electronic apex locators and pulp testers in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter/defibrillators.

The purpose of this study was to determine if electronic apex locators (EAL) or electric pulp testers (EPT) interfere with the function of implanted cardiac pacemakers (ICP) or cardioverter/defibrillators (ICD). Twenty-seven patients with ICPs or ICDs had continuous electrocardiogram monitoring and device interrogation to detect interferences during the use of two types of EALs and one EPT. No interferences were detected by any ICP or ICD. In six patients, with intermittent pacing, a significant increase in pacing was observed during EAL/EPT stimulation (p < 0.05). Examination of RR intervals (a measure of intrinsic heart rate) demonstrated significantly longer RR intervals (slower intrinsic heart rate) during EAL/EPT stimulation (p < 0.05). Evaluation of the electrocardiograms for each patient failed to show any abnormalities in pacing during testing. These findings led us to conclude that the increased pacing frequency observed was related to a slower intrinsic heart rate and not electrical interference with the cardiac devices. In conclusion, the two EALs and one EPT used in this study did not interfere with the functioning of any of the cardiac devices tested.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of pulpal blood flow by laser doppler flowmetry as a test of tooth vitality in long-term follow-up: case report].

The reliability of laser Doppler flowmetry in a 2-probe assessment of pulpal blood flow is well known. The purpose of this case report was to determine its use as an exclusive and reliable tool for tooth vitality diagnosis in a long-term follow-up. As a result of a traumatic injury to a 24-years old Caucasian female, tooth pulp vitality was studied in 6 maxillary front teeth over 30 weeks through use of 2-probe laser Doppler flowmetry and current sensitivity tests. A similar assessment was repeated after 228 weeks. Confronted with an alveolar bone fracture with a tooth in the fracture line, one intrusion and several luxated teeth, current sensitivity tests are found not to be so reliable indicators of revascularisation as significant results are given later (7 weeks) compared to laser Doppler flowmetry tests (1 week). A pathway with ischaemia (3 weeks), hyperaemia (7 weeks) and restored blood supply in the pulp measured by laser Doppler flowmetry tests was found and avoided endodontic treatment. Teeth vascularisation evolved normally (228 weeks). Despite a high indication in all sensitivity tests for endodontic treatment, the use of laser Doppler flowmetry tests was clear, more reliable than sensitivity tests and exclusive as denervation was postponed and pulp vascularisation was evident.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pulpal blood flow assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in a tooth with a horizontal root fracture.

Horizontal root fractures of both maxillary central incisors were diagnosed radiographically; neither responded to electric pulp testing nor to cold testing. The pulp of the right incisor was necrotic, whereas the pulpal status of the left incisor was uncertain. Pulpal blood flow of the teeth was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry. The blood flow of the left central incisor was 4.0. Eight months after the injury, a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor was administered to confirm pulp vitality. The blood flow of the tooth was decreased to 51% of the preanesthesia value after the local anesthesia. At 19 months after the injury, it responded to both the electric pulp test and cold test. Laser Doppler flowmetry is a noninvasive method of evaluating the blood flow status in human teeth, and it may provide a clinically reliable method of assessing pulpal vitality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Transalveolar screws and the incidence of dental damage: a prospective study.

The incidence of screw/tooth contact in the placement of transalveolar screws was prospectively studied. The clinical significance of such contact when it occurred was assessed. Patients with fractures of the mandible requiring intra- or post-operative control of their occlusion with transalveolar screws were entered into the study. Following screw removal, contact was assessed radiographically and all teeth adjacent to screws were tested for vitality. Any contacts were judged to be minor if less than 50% of the diameter of the screw hole impinged on a tooth root or major if this was more than 50%. Fifty-four male and one female patients completed the study. There were 232 screws placed in these patients adjacent to 440 teeth. Twenty-six screws (11.2%) had major contacts and 37 (15.9%) had minor contacts. Seventeen teeth tested as non-vital with electronic pulp testing but of these only 6 showed any impingement by screws. Two screws were associated with complications in two patients. Screw/tooth contact does occur using transalveolar screws, however, the incidence of clinically significant damage appears to be very low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Impact of dental devices on cochlear implants.

A cochlear implant (CI) converts mechanical sound energy into electrical signals that can be delivered to the cochlear nerve of profoundly deaf patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether electromagnetic interference with the CI occurs during the operation of the electric pulp tester, apex locator, electrocautery unit, electrosurgery unit, or panoramic radiograph machine. A mastoidectomy and cochleostomy were performed on a cadaver, and a CI was implanted. The dental devices were used intraorally, and the implant's circuitry was tested after each trial. A second CI was implanted in a human skull, which was then exposed to 50 panoramic radiographs, testing the implant's circuitry after each exposure. The probability of damage to the CI by any of the devices was negligible, except for the electrosurgery unit operated at level 7, which destroyed the CI's circuitry. Therefore, although the other devices seem safe, it is recommended that the electrosurgery unit not be used on a CI patient.

Cadaver↗