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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterisation of HLA DQ alpha for forensic purposes. Allele and genotype frequencies in British Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asian populations.

Allele and genotype frequencies for British Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asian populations were determined for a total of over 600 unrelated individuals at the HLA-DQ alpha locus. These were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the DNA followed by hybridisation to allele specific oligonucleotide probes in a reversed dot-blot test. Six different alleles were detected and the allele distributions for the 3 populations analysed displayed significant differences. However, the British Caucasian genotypes were statistically very similar to previously published data from US Caucasians as were British Afro-Caribbean genotype frequencies with US Black data. In Caucasians the allele frequencies ranged from 5.2% to 26.9% with a power of discrimination of 0.93. DQ alpha genotype frequencies of Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean populations do not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, the Asian data displayed significant deviation due to excess homozygotes.

Alleles↗
PubMed2002

Nuclear cardiology patient tracking using a palm-based device: methods and clinician satisfaction.

Handheld personal computers are popular, easy to use, inexpensive, portable, and can share data among different operating systems. In our institution, nuclear cardiology testing is performed in the nuclear medicine department and jointly reported by radiologists and cardiologists. The objective of this article is to describe a system for recording nuclear cardiology data and to assess clinician satisfaction using handheld computers with the Palm Operating System. We devised a Palm-based relational database/ using commercially available software (HanDBase) that requires minimal computer expertise to implement and maintain. Data are collected by the cardiologist and synchronized to a single central relational database compatible with Microsoft Access. We assessed cardiologists' satisfaction with this system. Cardiologists unanimously agreed that this system had a positive impact on patient management and cardiology fellow education. They were satisfied with ease of data input, sharing, retrieval, and clarity of data display. The cardiologist with the least experience in using the software took longer to input data and thought that it prolonged the nuclear cardiology rounds. The idea to develop this software was to ease data entry using shortcuts and lists, limiting data stored to that essential for patient management and also to transmit data easily between staff. The cardiologist with the most experience in using the software felt more comfortable and satisfied with it. This was perhaps due to his continuous involvement in the development of this system. Like any new system, there is a learning curve in using this software. The software was easy to customize, and support and tutorials were found on the manufacturer's Web site. The system of collecting data using handheld computers with the Palm Operating System is easy to use, relatively inexpensive, accurate, and secure. The user-friendly system provides prompt, complete, and accurate data, enhancing the education of fellows while facilitating the job of cardiologists.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Computer visualisation of the moving human lumbar spine.

Disorders of the spine which lead to back pain are often mechanical in origin and, despite extensive research, diagnosis of the underlying cause remains problematical, yet back pain is one of the most common rheumatological symptoms presented to the general practitioner. Diagnosis must frequently be based upon evidence gathered at the segmental level which invariably means that imaging is used in the process. In addition, surgical fixation is increasingly used when the spinal column is considered to exhibit instability. A solid model of the spine creates the possibility of visualising spine motion, of assessing the effects of loading of the spinal column in conjunction with finite element analysis to investigate the consequences of vertebral fusion, and of planning surgical intervention. Such a model could also be valuable in medical education and for demonstrating spine motion to a patient to highlight abnormalities or the effects of treatment. This paper describes a three-dimensional visualisation of the human lumbar spine which runs on a personal computer operating under the Windows environment. The user interface enables the clinician to select the viewpoint for the spine model to allow the motion to be studied from different angles. Motion data are currently acquired from fluoroscopic image sequences but the model could be used to display data from different imaging modalities when they are developed sufficiently for spine motion studies.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1998

A unified multimedia database system to support telemedicine.

A unified approach to managing multimedia medical databases in a telemedicine system is proposed. In order to manage, search, and display patient information more efficiently, we define a patient information package (PIP) as a concise data set of a patient's medical information from each visit. By means of PIP's, both patient-oriented and problem-oriented query strategies, which are most frequently used in daily clinical practice and medical education, can be accommodated. We also provide a unified methodology for accessing various types of patient medical records as well as design two types of user interfaces, high-quality data display and web-based interface, for different medical service purposes. The PIP-based management of databases has been successfully implemented between the National Taiwan University (NTUH), Taipei, and the Chinshan health care center, Chinshan, Taiwan, for teleconsultation, telediagnosis, and tele-education.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2006

CMD: a Cotton Microsatellite Database resource for Gossypium genomics.

BACKGROUND: The Cotton Microsatellite Database (CMD) http://www.cottonssr.org is a curated and integrated web-based relational database providing centralized access to publicly available cotton microsatellites, an invaluable resource for basic and applied research in cotton breeding. DESCRIPTION: At present CMD contains publication, sequence, primer, mapping and homology data for nine major cotton microsatellite projects, collectively representing 5,484 microsatellites. In addition, CMD displays data for three of the microsatellite projects that have been screened against a panel of core germplasm. The standardized panel consists of 12 diverse genotypes including genetic standards, mapping parents, BAC donors, subgenome representatives, unique breeding lines, exotic introgression sources, and contemporary Upland cottons with significant acreage. A suite of online microsatellite data mining tools are accessible at CMD. These include an SSR server which identifies microsatellites, primers, open reading frames, and GC-content of uploaded sequences; BLAST and FASTA servers providing sequence similarity searches against the existing cotton SSR sequences and primers, a CAP3 server to assemble EST sequences into longer transcripts prior to mining for SSRs, and CMap, a viewer for comparing cotton SSR maps. CONCLUSION: The collection of publicly available cotton SSR markers in a centralized, readily accessible and curated web-enabled database provides a more efficient utilization of microsatellite resources and will help accelerate basic and applied research in molecular breeding and genetic mapping in Gossypium spp.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2000

Depth-buffer targeting for spatially accurate 3-D visualization of medical images.

During interactive image-guided surgery (IIGS), a surgeon uses data from medical images to help guide the surgical procedure. At Vanderbilt University, an IIGS software system called Orion has been developed which is capable of displaying up to four 512 x 512 images and the current surgical position using an active optical tracking system. Orion is capable of displaying data from any tomographic image volume and from any NTSC video image. An additional display module has been implemented to display three-dimensional information as well as the tomographic slices. This provides the surgeon with valuable anatomical information that is not readily obtained from the tomographic slices alone. Before the surgery, a set of rendered images is created, each with a different angular view of the tomographic volume in order to surround the site of surgical interest. The major objectives of the display module are to display the appropriate rendered image from the set, identify the current probe position on the selected image, and provide an indication of distance between the probe and the physical point of the anatomy indicated on the image. This can provide the surgeon with vital information such as distance to blood vessels, tumors, or other critical structures.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Secure three-dimensional data transmission and display.

An optical three-dimensional (3D) display system interfaced with digital data transmission is proposed. In this system, an original 3D object is encrypted by use of a random phase mask and then the encrypted pattern is recorded as a digital hologram. The digital hologram key is also recorded for optical decryption. Both the encrypted digital hologram and the digital hologram key are transmitted to a receiver through a conventional communication data channel. At the receiver, the 3D scene is reconstructed and displayed optically in a retrieval system based on a joint-transform correlation. Experimental results are presented. We investigate the influence of quantization of the joint power spectrum in the optical correlator on the quality of the reconstructed image.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification methods for denominators in small areas.

Conventional methods fail to provide adequate assignments of individuals into appropriate subgroups for small area analyses, especially when studies cover only a portion of a county or use ecologic, descriptive variables. An unconventional aid to epidemiological investigations, such as a geographic information system (GIS), can aid public health investigators in determining denominators for studies of disease where overlays of environmental exposure and public health data define the geographic extent of the population being studied or where data must be analysed using a map. The basic functions of a GIS--to store, retrieve, transform and display data which have real earth-based co-ordinates--can facilitate this type of ecologic approach. In this paper, each denominator is chosen using the aid of a GIS to allow overlays of environmental elements with residential areas. A variety of methodological issues are associated with such studies, specifically the issue of thin cells (numerically). One solution is to avoid the use of denominators. Another involves careful classification rules for choosing the 'exposed' group. Each of these methods have relevance for environmental equity evaluations associated with environmental hazards.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1997

Cross-modal equivalence of visual and auditory scatterplots for exploring bivariate data samples.

The equivalence of visual and auditory scatterplots was examined in two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the relationship between actual Pearson's r and visual and auditory judgments of direction and magnitude of correlation for 24 bivariate data samples. Experiment 2 directly evaluated visual and auditory perceptual sensitivity to outliers by examining changes in perceived magnitude and direction of correlation estimates for scatterplots from Experiment 1 that were altered by the addition of outlier points. Results suggest that the information conveyed by visual and auditory scatterplots is used very similarly by the two modalities. Both visual and auditory scatterplots are quite efficient in conveying sign and magnitude of correlation, and the effect of outliers on judged magnitude of correlation is similar for the two types of data display.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1994

Cronobiologic analysis of abortions in two related populations of teenager girls during two decades.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify and compare the time dynamics of artificial abortions in two (Czech and Slovak) ethnically, historically and socially closely related populations. DESIGN: Data have been taken separately for 12-15 and 16-18 year age girls from official exhaustive statistical sources and processed by advanced procedures of time series analysis. SETTING: Czech and Slovak Republics. PARTICIPANTS: All girls of the given age. INTERVENTIONS: Legislative liberalization of abortions 1987. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Estimated starting values of relative numbers of abortions by 1971, increasing linear trends, period lengths of fluctuation, coefficients of determination and those of cross-correlation. Level of significance alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: The Czech figures are significantly higher than the Slovak. Thus, estimated abortion percentage (from pregnancies) for 1971 was for younger Czech girls 53%, and for those from Slovakia 29%. All estimated trends were increasing significantly in all cases for the Czech population (by 1.5% per year in the younger group) and in one case for Slovakia. The estimated period lengths were usually 10-12 years. Czech and Slovak data display significant positive mutual cross-correlation, the delay being 1-3 years in Slovak girls. Surprisingly, all data significantly cross-correlate with the geomagnetic index value Ap, acting as lead-lag, with 3-6-year delay for abortions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite living in the same federal state--the former Czechoslovak Republic, both Czech and Slovak populations do differ in starting values and general trends of abortions in teenagers. This can be due to historical, racial and religious peculiarities as well as a more advanced process of industrialization in the western part--the Czech Republic. The latter hypothesis is corroborated by strong dynamism of changes and by the time delay in Slovakia. The periodicity exhibits a frequency resembling that known for solar motion round barycenter of solar system, for sunspots and geomagnetism.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2002

Application of linear regression to videokeratoscope data for tilted surfaces.

PURPOSE: To investigate the use of linear regression analysis performed on the tabular data display of the EyeSys videokeratoscope (VK). When a radius squared vs distance squared scatterplot is produced from aspheric surface data the equivalent conic section can be deduced from the intercept and slope of the linear regression line. Non-linear plots are often produced. Linear regression may then be applied in a number of ways. METHOD: Topographical data derived from both the EyeSys VK and a computer model of the instrument were analysed by three methods of linear regression. The resultant apical radii, p-values and predicted surface tilts were compared with known values. RESULTS: The three methods predict different surface characteristics whose errors were found to vary depending upon the asphericity of the surface and its tilt. CONCLUSIONS: Apical radius is most accurately predicted by linear regression method (1). Both p-value and tilt are best predicted by averaging the radius and position data for corresponding points in each semi-meridian before squaring the resultant points and performing linear regression (method 3).

Cornea↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of three methods of assessing renal function.

In a study of 100 patients referred for assessment of renal function a comparison is made between gamma camera computer assisted displays of 99mTc-DTPA(Sn) nephrograms, intra-venous urography (I.V.U.) and triple probe 131I-Hippuran renography. The computer processed data displays renal morphology and activity/time curves which are deconvolved enabling quantitative assessment of glomerular function to be made. Pattern recognition techniques for feature extraction are employed to facilitate classification of the curves. It is concluded that the computer processed data gives better results both in the recognition of morphological defects and in the indication and measurement of renal damage.

Glomerulonephritis↗
PubMed2000

Architecture of an image capable, Web-based, electronic medical record.

With each medical center department creating and maintaining its own patient care-related data, nursing and house staff may find it confusing to log into all the information systems necessary to achieve a global perspective of the patient's state. The Medical Information Network Database application provides a logically centralized Worldwide Web viewing application for the physically distributed data. In addition to coordinating data displays for histories, laboratories, pathology, radiology, and discharge summaries, the application can be configured to apply rule sets to the data and remind caregivers of follow-up tests or of possible reactions to treatment protocols. The viewing client runs on any HTML 2.0-compliant browser, although certain applet enhancements (notably for viewing radiological images) require a browser with Java abilities. With this "thin client" approach, the application can be configured to coexist with other applications (such as a PACS viewer), thus centralizing information and reducing the overall number of computers in the medical center.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1994

A computer simulation for learning about the physiological response to exercise.

An interactive computer program written for IBM-compatible microcomputers, which simulates the physiological response to graded exercise in healthy individuals, is described. The program presents high-resolution graphic data (heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate concentration) in a form comparable to that of a chart recorder display. Data are derived from an empirical model that allows users to select certain parameters of the subject they wish to investigate, including sex, age, height, weight, and level of training. Measurements may be taken directly from the monitor screen by use of the cross-hair cursor facility provided. The program has been positively evaluated in use by undergraduate students and shown to be an effective teaching aid. The potential use of the software in light of these findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Carcinogenic chemical-response "fingerprint" for male F344 rats exposed to a series of 195 chemicals: implications for predicting carcinogens with transgenic models.

Transgenic model systems have recently been advocated as replacements for traditional methods of testing chemicals for carcinogenicity in rodents. To shed light on the diversity of responses induced by chemicals in natural whole animal systems, a type of "fingerprint" is devised and, in turn, applied to describe the results of testing approximately 200 chemicals in male F344 rats. Such focus helps develop an appreciation of the complexity involved in the chemical carcinogenic response. When we ask transgenic systems to serve as replacements for natural whole animals, for predicting the risk of chemically induced cancer, we are asking them somehow to reflect or express this complexity so that the effects of exposure in humans can be realistically appraised. For the fingerprint, a graphic data display is used to represent the different tissues and organs that show statistically significant, chemically related tumor increases. Chemicals vary extensively according to the particular sites and the array of sites that display a carcinogenic response; but any given site may also show a carcinogenic response to a variety of different chemicals. The data suggest that a large number of different genetic factors may underlie the determination of the chemical carcinogenic response. This apparent genotypic variability and complexity in phenotypic expression would seem to make it quite difficult, if not impossible, to decide on the specific performance requirements of transgenic systems for detecting carcinogens. Unless this and other obstacles can be overcome, the transgenic approach to identifying carcinogenic chemicals for regulatory purposes may best be abandoned. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Animals↗