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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Prevention of stroke--a report from collaboration project between Zagreb and Barcelona.

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the main killer in the modern society and the most frequent cause of death and disability. According to the experiences of highly developed Western countries, especially of the U.S.A., the incidence of stroke can be reduced by the development and introduction of preventive actions and change of life style. Incidence of cerebrovascular disease is high in Croatia as well as in Spain (46% in the 46-59 age range) with an increasing tendency in younger population. As prevention is the only way of CVD incidence reduction, it is indispensable to organize an integral preventive neurologic network. Within the W.H.O. project "Health for All by the Year 2000 and the project "Zagreb"--Healthy City" a preventive action under the slogan 'With perfect brain and veins--enjoy the healthy days', has been organized with the aim to reduce the incidence of stroke for 20% during the following 10-year period. A standardized work of preventive network in Zagreb has also been established in Barcelona as a joint work. Using the interdisciplinary counselling approach, medical teams are still making examinations. In Zagreb Center for Neurological Sciences and Brain Research, data of risk factor distributions and trends of stroke incidence changes have been collected and the results have been analyzed. The Zagreb Center has also become a center for continuous evaluation and further planning. In this article functions of preventive centers, the preventive standardized protocol and structural and functional preventive network are introduced. The results of preventive action in Zagreb are also briefly presented.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fracture mechanics principles applied to implant medical devices--a review.

Historically, the fatigue behavior of materials and structures, including biomaterials and implant devices, was analyzed using stress-life (S-N) techniques, i.e. by determining the number of cycles to failure at a calculated peak stress. The development of fracture mechanics technology has made the crack-growth aspect of fatigue analysis a more exact science, providing more precise data on the properties of materials, incorporating more geometric and metallurgical information from the structure, and, in some cases, providing for updated in-service lifetime predictions. Over the past decade, the medical implant industry and researchers have adopted this analytical tool to varying degrees. The result has been the development of some improved materials, operative procedures, and devices, based on a more exact knowledge of the properties most critical to assuring the long-term durability of devices. Examples of the application of fracture mechanics technology to orthopedic and cardiovascular devices and the potential for further applications are reviewed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Homicide by insulin administration.

This report describes a case of homicide by insulin administration and a study of the effects of storage conditions on insulin in serum. The study revealed insulin to be remarkably stable at refrigerator temperatures. Therefore, for forensic science purposes, insulin immunoassay data are interpretable even when serum is not stored by the standard laboratory method of freezing.

C-Peptide↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of three allied health manpower projection methodologies.

Three manpower projection methodologies most often employed in the allied health sciences were compared: population ratio, occupational matrix, and regression analysis. Comparisons were made among the methodologies themselves, their strengths, and their weaknesses. These methodologies were then applied to the largest allied health discipline - clinical laboratory sciences - using Kentucky statewide data. The resultant projections were then compared with actual data (F.J. Morris, PhD, unpublished data, 1985). The most appropriate methodology to be used by the administrator should be determined by his/her specific needs and goals in relation to the specific strengths and weaknesses of the individual methodology.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Searching the MEDLARS file on NLM and BRS a comparative study.

A comparison of the MEDLARS data base as it is currently available from the National Library of Medicine and Bibliographic Retrieval Services (BRS), Inc., is presented in chart format, and some major capability differences between the two systems are highlighted. The information inlcuded justifies the dual availability of the data base in health sciences libraries. This paper is intended for searchers and others familiar with one or both systems. Administrators considering the acquisition of the BRS system may find the study useful.

MEDLARS↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral science in family medicine residencies: Part I. Teachers and curricula. The STFM Task Force on Behavioral Science.

A survey was conducted of all members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine to describe teachers, curricula, and teacher satisfaction in family medicine residency behavioral science education. The response rate was approximately 60% of eligible individuals. Family medicine teachers divide themselves into behavioral scientists, family physicians, both, program directors, and other faculty members. Behavioral scientists are most often psychologists or social workers, have been teaching family medicine a relatively short time, and are more likely to be female than the other groups. Behavioral science curricula emphasize counseling, interviewing, and family dynamics. Satisfaction with behavioral curricula is high.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral science in family medicine residencies: Part II. Teacher roles, relationships, and rewards. The STFM Task Force on Behavioral Science.

A survey of members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine provided information about roles, relationships, and rewards for teachers involved in family medicine residency behavioral science education. Family physicians and behavioral scientists perceive their own roles in behavioral teaching and patient care as greater than is perceived by the other group. All groups of respondents see a continued need for collaborative behavioral teaching, patient care, and research. Interpersonal rewards reported emphasize family physicians learning from behavioral scientists. Frustrations reflect personal style, use of jargon, and a sense that the other group does not understand important aspects of one's work. Income is markedly greater for family physicians than behavioral scientists. Most behavioral scientists responding plan to remain in family medicine teaching.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMed1973

MEDLARS II: a review.

The MEDLARS II effort, as it was developed until June 1971, is reviewed in terms of the overall planning process. How MEDLARS I was approached by NLM is discussed first and its objectives used for comparison. Certain technical, managerial, and intellectual aspects are outlined as types of problems encountered in designing MEDLARS II. While improvement upon the MEDLARS I seemed to be the main reason for planning a MEDLARS II, objectives became blurred and divergent as the project went along. The complexities of creating a central computerized data base of health sciences bibliographic information and library functional activities for nationwide use were underappreciated and remain a challenge to NLM.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

The participant-observer approach to research in mental retardation.

Participant-observation, which calls for long-term immersion in the world of the persons being studied yet disciplined detachment from that world, has long been utilized in various social sciences. This method of data collection was seldom used in the study of mentally retarded people until recent years; however, it has now been employed in the study of many aspects of the lives of these people and their families. Although this method of research is expensive and time consuming, it has the advantage of allowing investigators to learn how people actually behave in a variety of contexts and to grasp the meaning these activities have for them.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between physical activity and health examination variables in male workers--new methods to assess physical activity and their applications to epidemiologic research].

Few epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular diseases have been performed in Japan. To quantify the physical activity of individuals, a 24-hour activity record was developed to calculate 24-hour energy expenditure for use in an epidemiologic survey. Major physical activity was recorded every 15 minutes during a day and the relative metabolic rate for each physical activity was adopted from data of the Labor Science Institute in Japan. The 24-hour energy expenditure per body surface area was used as an index of physical activity. Reproducibility of this index was examined by retesting subsamples 3 months apart, and good results were confirmed. The association between physical activity and health examination variables was analyzed for the 319 male workers aged 40-49 in Osaka, Kochi, and Akita Prefecture. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure per body surface area was positively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake and negatively correlated with skinfold thickness, resting heart rate, logarithm of triglyceride, hemoglobin and uric acid. In addition, a newly developed questionnaire on physical activity with 11 questions was administered in Osaka on 1819 male factory workers aged 40-49. From multiple regression analysis, three questions were shown to be significant predictors of 24-hour energy expenditure per body surface area--1. "What percentage of work time is spent on your feet?" 2. "When climbing three floors, which do you usually choose, the stairs or the escalator?", 3. "How long are you involved in heavy physical labor each day?" The daily physical activity score estimated using the regression equation showed good reproducibility in retesting a year apart. Controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking, the score was negatively correlated to skinfold thickness, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, total cholesterol, logarithm of triglyceride, hemoglobin, and uric acid; and was positively correlated to HDL-cholesterol. This cross-sectional study shows that in Japanese there is a significant relationship between physical activity and some health examination variables, and also that the survey methods to estimate physical activity can be useful for further epidemiologic studies in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Genetic neuroepidemiology].

Many human diseases result from the combined effect of several genetic and non genetic factors. Thanks to the development of powerful tools for molecular analysis, researchers in recent years have begun to uncover the genes behind such multifactorial neurologic and systemic disorders as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and diabetes. Likewise investigators have been able to confirm that the course of these diseases and their clinical manifestations depend on the concurrence in the same individual of specific genetic variations. Because each gene confers a certain degree of predisposition to a specific disease, they are therefore called susceptibility genes. The search for and analysis of susceptibility genes in defined populations is termed genetic epidemiology. This multidisciplinary science is providing valuable data that further our understanding and ability to diagnose of disorders of the nervous system. It also enables us to predict the clinical course of disease in a given patient with a high degree of reliability, even when no clinical signs are yet evident.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Pattern of outpatient laboratory service consumption in a teaching hospital in Gondar, Ethiopia.

A one year laboratory service analysis for outpatient service consumers of Gondar College of Medical Sciences Hospital was done. Data were gathered through a daily registry prospectively. 17,471 patients visited the laboratory between October 1994 and September 1995. 47.9% were from Gondar town. 72.5% paid for the services. Children under 15 made up only 11.8% of service consumers. In the year, a total of 27,982 laboratory tests were requested, 48% of which were in urinalysis and parasitology. Most of the requests could be handled by upgraded peripheral laboratories leaving room for the unit to act as a training and back-up centre.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Factors influencing research productivity among health sciences librarians.

Secondary analysis was performed of data collected in 1989 from a random sample of members of the Medical Library Association. Results show that about half the sample had at least one publication; academic health sciences librarians were much more likely than hospital librarians to have published. Almost half the sample had taken formal courses in research, but only a small percentage had taken continuing education (CE) courses in research. Institutional support services for research were most available in academic settings. The combination of institutional support, CE training, and research courses explained 31.1% of the variation in research productivity among academic librarians; these factors were less important in hospitals and other institutional settings. The authors suggest that health sciences librarians working outside academia should seek support for research from sources outside the employing institution.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Report on obstetrical activity during the triennium 1985-1987. 4th Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, University of Milan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza].

The data of three years of activity (1985-1987) at the 4th Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Milan, S. Gerardo Hospital in Monza, for a total of 5595 deliveries and 5672 new-borns are reviewed. Each case of perinatal death has been evaluated for gestational age, weight, way of delivery and preexisting or pregnancy-induced maternal diseases, trying to single out the primary causes of death. In order to compare these data with the ones of the previous three years the results have been divided, following the gestational age, in two groups (less or more and equal than 28 weeks). Late perinatal death rate (including all the babies older than 24 weeks of gestational age, still-born or live-born and dead within the 28th day of life) has been 1.8%, compared to the 2.1% in the previous 3 years. Obstetrical procedures and neonatal outcomes are analyzed in depth. Puerperium was pathological in 8.9% of patients. Only 4.2% of women decided not to breast-fed their babies.

Adult↗