The effect of jaw fractures in children on the development of permanent teeth and the occlusion.
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Results for “Dental Pulp Calcification”
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Symmetrical pulp obliteration in mandibular first molars.
Pulp obliteration is an extremely rare morphological type of pulp calcification, with calcified material completely occupying the pulp chamber and root canal spaces. The etiology of pulp obliteration may be trauma or systemic diseases such as secondary hyperparathyroidism. Pulp obliteration may also be seen in dental anomalies such as dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentinal dysplasia. In cases of pulp obliteration with periapical disease, the preferred treatment is surgery, while calcified canals without symptoms or periapical lesions are best left untreated.
Adolescent↗
Unusual case of general pulp calcification (pulp stones) in a young Greek girl.
An unusual case of generalized pulp calcification is reported in a 14-year-old Greek girl. Radiographic examination revealed large pulp stones in all permanent teeth located in the pulp chamber and sometimes extending to the coronal portion of the root canal. The patient's dental, medical and family history, as well as the findings from the clinical examination were non-contributory. Biochemical analysis of one pulp stone removed from the right maxillary central incisor revealed large amounts of urates, proteins and phospholipids, but a blood test of the patient showed no metabolic disturbance. Therefore, it is suggested that this unusual case may be of idiopathic origin.
Adolescent↗
Calcification of dentinal collagen by cultured rabbit periosteum: the role of alkaline phosphatase.
Periostea were dissected from 1-2 weeks old rabbit calvaria and folded around decalcified and extracted bovine dentin matrix slices (DMS). The cocultures were grown in serum-containing medium supplemented with beta-glycerophosphate or other organic phosphate esters. [45Ca]-uptake measurements indicated that the DMS calcified. Initiation of the calcification process was associated with alkaline phosphatase activity and could be prevented by adding the inhibitor L-levamisole to the culture medium. Using [32P]-adenosine-monophosphate as a substrate for phosphatase activity it was demonstrated that very little, if any, phosphate was utilized for the phosphorylation of higher molecular weight substances. The results suggest that over 99% of the phosphate produced was laid down in inorganic form. Further, it was noted that mineral deposition in the DMS was accompanied by the simultaneous inclusion of methylene blue and PAS-positive substances whose nature, origin and function remain to be determined. The results lend support to the theory that alkaline phosphatase is involved in the initiation of calcification processes by raising the local concentration of phosphate ions.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
The fate of a mid-root fracture: a case report.
The present report describes a case of a mid-root fracture in a maxillary central incisor of a 19-year-old patient. The fractured tooth was splinted with composite that was removed only 3 years later, as the patient did not appear for follow-up examinations. At this time, the radiographs revealed a normal periodontal ligament, rounding of the borders of the fragments and pulp obliteration of both fragments. Eight years later, the tooth was clinically normal and blurred calcification of the root canal was disclosed radiographically. After 13.5 years the patient complained of tooth mobility and radiographic examination revealed an advanced cervical root resorption. As no conservative approach was possible at this stage, the patient was referred to a prosthodontist for esthetic rehabilitation.
Adult↗
Whitening of endodontically untreated calcified anterior teeth.
Definitive treatment for whitening endodontically untreated anterior teeth with dystrophic calcification is provided by removing the coronal sclerotic dentin and utilizing internal and external bleaching as necessary.
Adult↗
Repair of untreated root fracture: a case report.
A case is presented in which an untreated root fracture in a maxillary central incisor of an adult male was found radiographically 10 years after injury. The tooth was removed and the area of the root corresponding to the fracture line was examined by SEM while the remaining tooth was processed for decalcified sections. Calcification of the coronal pulp associated with extensive tissue atrophy and normal pulp tissue apically was observed. Two barriers composed of dentinal and cemental hard tissue were present apically in the coronal fragment and in the fracture line.
Adult↗
[The occurrence of denticles in the craniums of Norwegian Samis (Lapps)].
The purpose of the present radiologic study was to establish prevalence and distribution of pulp stones in mandibular premolars and molars in skulls of Norwegian Samis. The results were compared to those of previous investigations of ancient Eskimos, medieval Norsemen from Greenland, Danish Stone Age People and ancient Nubians. Forty-eight dentitions were radiographed and pulp stones recorded according to number and location within the teeth. Twenty-six percent of the Samis exhibited pulp stones. Molars showed a significantly higher prevalence of pulp stones than did premolars. The giant pulp calcifications described previously were limited to first and second molars. Pulp stones were located in pulp chambers only. Symmetric occurrence of pulp stones was common in contralateral teeth. Further epidemiologic studies of pulp stones in ethnic groups are needed.
Dental Pulp Calcification↗
Dental manifestations of osteogenesis imperfecta and abnormalities of collagen I metabolism.
The in vitro protein-chemical features and the molecular background of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a heritable disorder of collagen I metabolism, have been elucidated in recent years. The aim of our study was to find the prevalence of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) and other dental anomalies in 88 patients with OI, to compare clinical with radiologic abnormalities, and to correlate these clinical/radiologic findings with the results of gel electrophoresis and molecular studies of collagen I. Twenty-eight percent of OI patients had DI. Most patients with DI had radiologic abnormalities, but some patients had radiologic signs compatible with DI, but no clinical signs of DI. OI type I patients with DI were more severely affected by OI than those without DI. In OI type III and IV, in contrast, there was no difference in overall severity between patients with and without DI. DI was not associated with any particular molecular aberration in any OI type. If defining DI from the presence of both clinical and radiologic signs, collagen I produced by cultured fibroblasts was qualitatively abnormal from all OI patients with DI. Some OI patients had dental abnormalities not resembling DI. A qualitative collagen abnormality could not be found in any of these patients. Denticles, i.e., calcifications within the pulpal cavity, were found more frequently in OI patients than in control subjects.
Adolescent↗
The effect of aging on tooth morphology: a study on impacted teeth.
The effect of age on dental tissues was studied on histologic sections of totally impacted teeth obtained from patients between 11 and 76 years of age. Impacted teeth were used in order to obviate the influence of the environmental effects prevalent in the oral cavity. The presence of concentric denticles and diffuse calcifications was determined, and the width of secondary dentin, predentin, and cementum was measured. The width of predentin and cementum increased linearly with age, whereas the aging process of secondary dentin formation and diffuse calcifications followed a different pattern. The incidence of concentric denticles was identical for all age groups.
Adolescent↗
Amelogenesis imperfecta: local hypoplastic type with pulpal calcification.
A case report of a patient with local hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta is presented. Developmentally absent canines and unerupted teeth in the anterior maxilla and calcifications in the apical third of the pulp chambers of the molars were noticed and discussed. A family history was analyzed as consistent with an autosomal dominant form of transmission of the disorder.
Adult↗
Root canal calcification associated with prednisone therapy: a case report.
This report details an 8-year follow-up of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who was treated with up to 60 mg per day of prednisone for more than 8 years. Radiographic documentation demonstrated complete calcification of all pulp chambers and root canals during an 8-year period. During this time, the patient had been successfully treated for case type III adult onset periodontitis. Follow-up examinations recorded minimal attachment loss, and radiographs showed stable bone levels.
Adult↗
Effects of pH on mineralization ability of human dental pulp cells.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alkaline pH on calcification in human dental pulp (HDP) cells. HDP cells were cultured in pH 7.8 conditioned medium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. The ALP activity was higher in the pH 7.8 conditioned medium group than in the pH 7.2 conditioned medium group. Expression of mRNAs for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 was measured by the RT-PCR technique. The expression of BMP-2 in the pH 7.8 groups was greater than that in the pH 7.2 group. Furthermore, we determined Calcified nodule formation by von Kossa staining. The number of calcified nodules was increased in the pH 7.8 conditioned medium. These results suggest that HDP cell mineralization was enhanced in alkaline pH (pH 7.8) conditioned medium.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Dentin dysplasia type II: report of case.
Intrapulpal calcifications, in rare situations, may cause deformities and abnormalities of the roots of the teeth. Dentin Dysplasia Type II is a rare heritable dentin defect, of radiopaque foci resembling free pulp stones. This report describes the clinical and radiographic features of Dentin Dysplasia Type II in a fifteen-year-old girl.
Adolescent↗
Ferric sulfate pulpotomy in primary molars: a retrospective study.
PURPOSE: This investigation collected clinical and radiographic data from a retrospective chart review of patients receiving ferric sulfate pulpotomies with a sub-base of zinc oxide eugenol in a clinical practice over a five-year period. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Clinical and radiographic data were available for 242 primary molars in 171 children with follow-up times ranging from 4-57 mos (mean = 19 mos). RESULTS: The overall radiographic success rate ranged from 74-80%. The frequency of normal appearing pulps decreased over time. The most frequently observed pulpal responses were calcific metamorphosis (6-33%) and internal resorption (7-18%). Overall clinical success was 99%. Only 9 of the 242 teeth were extracted due to radiographic and/or clinical failure. A survival analysis demonstrated that the overall cumulative probability of survival remained high over time with a cumulative survival of over 90% after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The overall success rates in this study are lower than those reported previously in the literature for ferric sulfate pulpotomies, but are comparable with those reported for 1:5 dilution, 5-min formocresol pulpotomies.
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Tangier disease with oral abnormalities.
A patient with Tangier disease, pulpal calcifications, and bilateral mandibular intrabony lesions (unusual odontomas) is presented. A relationship between Tangier disease and the oral manifestations found in this patient has not been established. Of the 27 known patients with Tangier disease, only 2 have been examined.
Adult↗
The clinical significance and management of calcific pulp obliteration.
In this paper, the biological events that give rise to the radiographic appearance called calcific pulp obliteration will be described, as will the anatomical and histological changes that attend its presence. There will also be a review of the studies that explore the relative incidence of this pulp change subsequent to trauma, and the incidence of attending periapical disease that should indicate to the clinician that some form of treatment is required. Finally, the endodontic management of these teeth will be described with emphasis on the types of adjustments that can be made to minimize the chance for a procedural accident.
Dental Pulp Calcification↗
Case report of a rare syndrome associating amelogenesis imperfecta and nephrocalcinosis in a consanguineous family.
A rare syndrome associating amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) with nephrocalcinosis has been reported. The purpose of this study is to characterise the phenotype of a consanguineous family presenting amelogenesis imperfecta, delayed permanent teeth eruption and nephrocalcinosis. Six family members were examined. Ground sections of the case index deciduous teeth and biopsies of enlarged dental follicles were analysed. The patients's parents were first cousins. The case index had yellow discoloration and altered teeth shapes, retention of deciduous teeth, and delayed eruption. Panoramic radiographs revealed multiple enlarged pericoronal follicles in unerupted teeth and generalised intrapulpal calcifications. Renal ultrasound showed the presence of nephrocalcinosis. No other family members presented enamel defects or nephrocalcinosis. Histologically, the enamel appeared hypoplastic, and dental follicles indicated pericoronal hamartoma. The consanguineous marriage suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Further studies are necessary to clarify the genetic defect behind this syndrome that associates AI, nephrocalcinosis and impaired tooth eruption.
Adolescent↗