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Results for “Developmental programming”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Is symmetry a visual cue to attractiveness in the human female body?

Small deviations from bilateral symmetry (a phenomenon called fluctuating asymmetry [FA]) are believed to arise due to an organism's inability to implement a developmental program when challenged by developmental stress. FA thus provides an index of an organism's exposure to adverse environmental effects and its ability to resist these effects. If one wishes to choose an individual with good health and fertility, FA could be used as an index of a potential partner's suitability. To explore whether this theory can be applied to human female bodies (excluding heads), we used a specially developed software package to create images with perfect symmetry. We then compared the relative attractiveness of the normal (asymmetric image) with the symmetric image. When male and female observers rated the images for attractiveness on a scale of 1 to 10, there was no significant difference in attractiveness between the symmetric and asymmetric images. However, in a two-alternative forced-choice experiment, the symmetric image was significantly more popular. The evidence suggests a role for symmetry in the perception of the attractiveness of the human female body.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of developmentally appropriate programs for adolescent tobacco cessation.

Despite introduction of numerous smoking prevention programs in schools, tobacco use has not declined among adolescents. Schools face the dilemma of what to do with students who smoke and are not ready to quit. This study evaluated two programs based on the stages of change model. The educational program, the Tobacco Education Group (TEG), was designed for adolescents not yet thinking about quitting. The cessation program, the Tobacco Awareness Program (TAP), was intended for adolescents who want to quit. Evaluation was completed on 351 students at six public high schools. Compared to a control group of adolescent smokers not assigned to programs, both intervention groups significantly decreased tobacco use. Self-reported use was validated biochemically. Self-efficacy for quitting increased in both programs. Posttest use was predicted by posttest self-efficacy, peer support, and parental support, after controlling for initial use and initial self-efficacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Notch signaling: cell fate control and signal integration in development.

Notch signaling defines an evolutionarily ancient cell interaction mechanism, which plays a fundamental role in metazoan development. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch receptor can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Thus, Notch signals control how cells respond to intrinsic or extrinsic developmental cues that are necessary to unfold specific developmental programs. Notch activity affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation, and apoptotic programs, providing a general developmental tool to influence organ formation and morphogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Selective treatment program for developmental dysplasia of the hip in an epidemiologic prospective study.

Over 1 year of ultrasound (US) mass screening, 4,568 newborns were examined consecutively at age 3-4 weeks using both clinical and ultrasonographic examination methods. The US examination involved both the static and dynamic scanning. In total, 25 babies were treated early (5.5 per 1,000), and 6 babies were given late treatment for postnatally developing acetabular dysplasia (1.3 per 1,000). Early treatment was instituted only for hips remarkably distorted anatomically, as could be seen from their shape on the static scan, and for those that were sonographically unstable with an apparent stress displacement. Clinical examination at age 3-4 weeks failed in more than half of all sonographically abnormal cases. In one case, the postnatal development of the hip joint was associated with the worsening of its formation and a developing subluxation despite its primary normal characteristics.

Czech Republic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concept of the developmental education program model.

The need to assist minority students to succeed in baccalaureate nursing programs has been well documented in the literature. Described in this article is a model framework to assist schools of nursing in developing comprehensive integrated programs for student development and retention.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1979

Allied health careers special resources and services program: increasing the probabilities of success for 'high risk' students in allied health career programs.

This article describes a successful developmental program specifically designed for academically "high risk" students entering a two-year community college career program in allied health. The program consisted of providing an intensive three-week instructional program to students before they entered the allied health career program, and subsequently providing an ongoing support system of tutoring, counseling and career development activities. Participants attained higher levels of academic performance and retention than nonparticipants.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Compartmentalized transcription and the establishment of cell type during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.

An early step in sporulation of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is the formation of two compartments in the developing sporangium: the mother cell and the forespore. These compartments differ in their programs of gene expression and developmental fate. The establishment of cell type within this simple developmental program, is accomplished by the compartmentalization of sigma subunits of RNA polymerase. The localization of these sigma factors results in compartment-specific gene expression. Recent experiments have elucidated some of the early steps in the establishment of cell type. After septum formation, the activity of the sigma factor, sigma F, is confined to the forespore compartment. This, in turn, results in the localized expression of another developmental sigma factor, sigma G. The forespore localization of these two sigma factors, establishes the forespore line of gene expression. sigma F and sigma G also regulate mother cell events. sigma F activity in the forespore regulates the proteolytic processing of sigma E within the mother cell compartment. The localization sigma E activity leads to mother cell expression of another sigma factor, pro-sigma K. The proteolytic processing of pro-sigma K to mature sigma K is controlled by the forespore sigma factor, sigma G. Mature sigma K then directs the transcription of mother cell specific genes. Therefore, the initial localization of sigma F activity to the forespore compartment, orchestrates the establishment of cell type in both forespore and mother cell compartments.

Bacillus subtilis↗