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PubMed1989

[Pulmonary echinococcosis and effectiveness of its surgical treatment].

The problems of epidemiology and diagnosis of echinococcosis in the Turkmen SSR and organization of its treatment are urgent because of its prevalence. The number of diagnostic mistakes remains high. The modern diagnostic means provide early detection of echinococcosis. Higher quality of the diagnosis is possible with involving prophylaxis. The surgical method of echinococcosis treatment used mainly in surgical units of tuberculosis hospitals of the republic proved to be the most efficient. The efficacy of the surgical treatment according to our data amounted to 100 per cent. In some periods it amounted to 97 per cent.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[Comparative evaluation of specific laboratory methods of diagnosing echinococcosis].

On the basis of a considerable material the authors make an evaluation of complex diagnostics of hydatid Echinococcosis of various localizations with the help of Casoni reactions, latex agglutination, double gel diffusion and indirect hemagglutination. The Casoni reaction is considered to be most reliable and simple among specific methods of diagnostics of Echinococcosis. It gave good results in mass prophylactic examinations of the population. The immunological methods of diagnostics of hydatid Echinococcosis are most reliable, the reaction of indirect hemagglutination having the greatest resolving power.

Echinococcosis↗

PubMed1977

[Contributions to the immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis (author's transl)].

Serum samples of 49 patients with echinococcosis, 32 of whom were diagnosed parasitologically (demonstration of protoscolices) and 17 of whom were diagnosed clinically (scintigram, histology), were examined for the presence of antibodies. The control group included sera from 74 patients with liver disease and tumors, 10 sera from blood donors, and 1330 sera for which serological tests for echinococcosis had been requested. The antigens used were two types of hydatid fluid, and aqueous extract from E. multilocularis cyst material, and protoscolices from E. granulosus and E. multilocularis. The results showed that the indirect immunofluorescence test with vital protoscolices was the most specific reaction whereas the indirect hemagglutination test with hydatid fluid and the extract from E. multilocularis was the most sensitive reaction. The latex turned out to be the least specific of the methods used. The sensitivity and specificity of our own results are compared with those of other investigators to emphasize the limitations of the immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[New findings on echinococcosis].

The following new aspects of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (= infections with the metacestode stages of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis respectively) are reported: identification of a Swiss E. granulosus isolate as "cattle strain" which differs from the "sheep strain"; new observations on proliferation and metastasis formation of larval E. multilocularis; information on chemotherapy of human echinococcosis; recent developments in immunoserology. The latter includes a new technique for serological differential diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, the determination of parasite-specific immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE) and circulating antigens in ELISA, and the introduction of arc-5 detection in routine serodiagnosis. A highly purified, species-specific antigen from E. multilocularis is now available for seroepidemiological studies.

Anthelmintics↗

PubMed1986

[Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) for serological diagnosis of multilocular echinococcosis].

Multilocular echinococcosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis is an important zoonosis with high mortality. In Hokkaido, Japan, although the prevalence among inhabitants has been very low, the areas infested with the parasite are rapidly spreading in recent years. Therefore, we improved on the procedure of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) for serological diagnosis of multilocular echinococcosis to carry out the epidemiological survey. A micro-ELISA plate (M129A, DYNATECH), antigen of E. multilocularis cyst extract, peroxidase-conjugated anti-human IgG (MILES-YEDA), O-phenylenediamine and a plate reader (Multiskan MC, TITERTEK) were used for the assay. Reactions were performed with 0.1 ml of reagents in wells of plate at each step and 0.1 ml of 0.2N H2SO4 was finally added for stop of the reaction. The optimum condition was determined by block titration, as 10 micrograms/ml of protein for antigen concentration, 1:40 for serum dilution and 1:4,000 for conjugate dilution. In this assay system, 30 serum samples could be examined in one plate. After correcting the absorbance of negative control to 0.300, positive range was defined as more than 0.600 which was twice the value of negative control. Doubtful positive range was defined as between 0.450 and 0.600, and negative range as less than 0.450. According to this criterion, 30 serum samples of proven patients with multilocular echinococcosis were examined. Positive and doubtful positive reactions were found from 20 sera (66.7%) and 7 sera (23.3%), respectively. Three patient sera (10.0%) showed negative reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Echinococcosis.--Current problems of diagnosis and epidemiology (author's transl)].

The indirect hemagglutination-test (IHA) and the indirect immunefluorescence-test are two modern methods for the serological diagnosis of an echinococcosis. If both tests are employed, the disease can be diagnosed with great reliability. A titer of 1 : 128 in the IHA makes the diagnosis of an echinococcosis very likely; a titer exceeding 1 : 1000 is significant. Serological tests of 36 patients with E. cysticus and E. alveolaris are evaluated; the interpretation of the results is discussed. In all patients the diagnosis was established between October 1977 and October 1978. In Germany the complement fixation test is commonly used to diagnose an echinococcosis. This test, however, is unreliable and fails in one third of all cases. It should be--as well as the Casoni skin-test--replaced by more sensitive and specific reactions. If the complement fixation test is positive, it might be used for postoperative controls. Compared to previous years the disease-rate among Germans is rising. The main reason seems to be the increasing tourism to foreign countries. Serological tests in small laboratories are unreliable and make an evaluation difficult. The diagnosis should be established in specialized centres.

Complement Fixation Tests↗

PubMed1985

[Use of medical glue in surgical treatment of pulmonary echinococcosis].

A new method of the surgical treatment of Echinococcosis of lungs is analysed consisting in liquidation of the Echinococcosis parasite bed with the help of cyan acrylate glue MK-7. The method was used in 55 patients aged from 9 to 49 years. The application of cyacrine makes the surgical procedure for Echinococcosis of lungs easier. Long-term results of using this sutureless glue method were good.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

[Echinococcosis. Rational diagnosis and therapy].

The most dangerous of the parasitoses seen in Middle Europeans, are cystic and alveolar echinococcosis which, here in Germany, varies considerably in frequency. Cystic echinococcosis is found throughout the entire world; the disease is seen mostly in "guest workers". Alveolar echinococcosis may be observed sporadically in all the Alpine countries, in Bavaria, and also in Baden-Württemberg. As a result of slow growth, the onset of the symptomatology is considerably delayed. Dangerous complications are jaundice, stenosis of the pylorus of the stomach, incidents resulting from portal hypertension, infections of the cysts, and perforation of the lesion into the neighbouring organs or into the free abdominal cavity. The complement-binding reaction, indirect haemagglutination and the indirect enzyme immuno test, together, achieve a sensitivity of up to 97%. Static scintigraphy of liver and spleen, ultrasonography, laparoscopy, X-ray survey, angiography, and, in particular, computerized tomography, are further diagnostic procedures. If at all possible, treatment should be surgical. The only conservative measure worth trying is the administration of mebendazole (Vermox).

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Thin layer immunoassay (TIA). A rapid and simple method for the serodiagnosis of echinococcosis (author's transl)].

The specificity, reproducibility and value of the diagnosis of echinococcosis in the thin layer immunoassay test were determined by the study of 147 human sera. With the reagents used this reaction was specific for serum dilutions of 1/8 or more. Its reproducibility, confirmed on 4 occasions in a series of 60 sera was satisfactory and its diagnostic value in 40 cases of proven hepatic echinococcosis led to 32 positive results (80% of cases). Comparison with indirect haemagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence, electrosyneresis (32 sera) and the ELISA test showed the excellent degree of complementary behaviour of the different reactions. By contrast, the study of sera obtained from two patients at different times after surgical treatment did not show serological peaks similar to those usually seen by indirect immunofluorescence. By virtue of its ease, rapidity and low cost, thin layer immunoassay could no doubt represent in echinococcosis if not a very precise diagnostic test, at least a means of detection suitable for wide use.

Echinococcosis↗

PubMed1982

[Immunoglobulin concentrations and their correlation with the level of antibodies in echinococcosis patients].

A comparison of immunoglobulin concentrations between 136 patients with surgically proved echinococcosis and control persons revealed significantly higher concentrations of immunoglobulins only in the IgG class, a phenomenon, which was more pronounced in patients with secondary echinococcosis. In the first twelve months after surgical treatment the IgG and IgA values decreased faster than the IgM values, however, in the postoperative period the IgG persisted longer than the other immunoglobulins. Antibody titers and IgG concentrations observed showed a positive correlation in the follow-up time. From these results it is suggested, that the antibodies before and after surgical treatment of echinococcosis belong to the IgG class.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1982

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of echinococcosis of the heart and pericardium].

Analysis of 9 observations of echinococcosis of the heart and 5 echinococcosis of the pericardium has shown the primary echinococcosis of the heart and pericardium to be a rare case (0,45%). Early death of parasites was observed in the heart followed by calcification and by self-healing. In patients presenting no complaints or objective disorders no operations are expedient. In a living cyst surgery (echinococcectomy) is indicated. With thinned walls of the heart operation should be accomplished by strengthening of the heart wall with pericardium or a diaphragm flap after B. V. Petrovski.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Results of surgery in hepatic echinococcosis].

Echinococcosis of the liver is a disease rarely seen in Switzerland. E. alveolaris is the parasite causing the indigenous cases, while most of the patients infected by E. cysticus have migrated from the Mediterranean region. 26 patients suffering from echinococcosis of the liver were treated at the Department of Surgery of Zürich University Hospital between 1983 and 1992. There were 12 female and 14 male patients aged between 21 and 72 years (mean: 41 yrs). In 6 cases the cause was an infection with E. alveolaris (group 1), all the other patients suffered from E. cysticus infection (group 2). In group 1, there were 3 segmentectomies, 2 hemihepatectomies and 1 exploratory laparotomy. In group 2, 16 patients underwent pericystectomy. Furthermore, 1 hemihepatectomy, 3 atypical resections and 2 segmentectomies were performed. Complications were seen in 100% in group 1 and in in 35% in group 2, respectively. 2 patients died postoperatively for a mortality of 8%. We concluded that infections with E. alveolaris are rarely resectable without increasing drastically the risk of the operation. Therefore, postoperative long-term chemotherapy is necessary. Operations for both types of echinococcosis are fraught with a high rate of complications.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Hyperendemic focus of echinococcosis in north-eastern Victoria.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of echinococcosis in feral canids in a region in the north-east of Victoria (Tallangatta) and assess its potential public health significance in this region. DESIGN: Dingoes and foxes were examined for Echinococcus granulosus worms at autopsy. RESULTS: All of the 17 canids that were examined harboured E. granulosus worms in their small intestine. The parasite burdens ranged from approximately 2000 to over 30,000 worms per canid. CONCLUSIONS: There is an endemic focus of canine echinococcosis in Tallangatta. Although the transmission appears to be between feral canid definitive hosts and macropodid (kangaroo) intermediate hosts, there is significant potential for E. granulosus infection to spill over into the human population. There is an urgent need to study the epidemiology of echinococcosis in this region to prevent transmission of the disease from feral to domestic life cycles.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Diagnosis of echinococcosis in the population of Slovakia].

Serologically diagnosed cases of echinococcosis in man occurring over the years 1970-1990 are reported. In the given period 292 serum samples were examined obtained from patients clinically suspected of echinococcosis, either with or without indication of localization in different organs. Of the total of 22 serologically positive patients echinococcal cysts were found in the liver in 17 patients (77.27%), in the lungs in three (13.63%) and in two patients the localization was not established. The patients with positive serological finding were within the age range of 33 to 68 years, with the exception of one 11-year-old boy. The value of serological examination of echinococcosis in the subjects involved in our study is highlighted by the findings in those patients who underwent surgery. Both the positive and the negative serological results were confirmed by the surgical findings of the presence or absence of echinococcus. (Tab. 3, Ref. 22.)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Cardiac echinococcosis. Case report and review of the literature].

Cardiac echinococcosis is a rare disease. We report the case of a patient affected by cardiac echinococcosis who underwent surgical treatment successfully. A forty year old woman was hospitalized referring palpitation and dyspnea. The patient had undergone surgical pericystectomy of the right lobe of the liver for echinococcosis 6 month before. Chest X-ray film showed a round opacity well delineated on the left side of the heart, Ghedini reaction was negative, ECG was normal. After a review of literature we analyze anatomo-clinic and therapeutic aspects of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Risk factors in serologically diagnosed echinococcosis--a case control study in the Nemuro region of Hokkaido Prefecture].

To determine the risk factors for echinococcus infection, we conducted a case-control study in the Nemuro region of Hokkaido Prefecture. The cases included both clinically diagnosed patients with echinococcosis and registered persons who were seropositive. The control group was matched by residence, age (+/- 5 years) and sex. The data on the 99 cases and 430 controls were collected by mailed questionnaire. Because of the long latency of echinococcosis, we investigated the potential risk factors over two different periods-from 11-20 years before the time of registration, and from 10 years before the registration to the time of registration. For the 11-20 years before registration period, using well water as drinking water and cattle raising significantly increased the risk of echinococcosis. In the period 10 years before registration to the time of registration, hog raising also increased the risk. In contrast, drinking tap water decreased the risk. These results suggest the importance of a screening program, especially targeting people engaged in dairy farming and hog raising, as well as the need for extension of tap water services and health education on refuse disposal.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Percutaneous puncture in hepatic echinococcosis].

This is a report on a case of severe anaphylactic shock and hemorrhage following liver puncture with diagnostic purpose. Based on literature data and personal experience, percutaneous puncture of a parasitic expanding cyst, done with diagnostic and therapeutic purpose, is discarded, assuming the method as an error of art. Its performing using updated imaging techniques--echography and computerized tomography--by no means reduce the risk of anaphylactic shock and secondary echinococcosis. In the event of being accidentally done, emergency operation followed by chemotherapy to preclude secondary echinococcosis is recommended. In cases with unspecified diagnosis, puncture under echographic control is done on the operating table with urgent cytological assessment of the punctate. The demonstration of echinococcosis is an indication for immediate operation. The percutaneous method is used in handling nonparasitic cysts.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Solitary primary cerebral echinococcosis. Report of a case].

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Echinococcosis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid cysts are mainly diagnosed in adults except for primary cerebral localisation which is electively observed in childhood owing to the early manifestation of signs and/or symptoms of the space-occupying mass. In July 1995 P.N., a 55-year-old woman, was referred to our attention. She complained of intense asthenia, cephalea not responding to NSAIDs and paroxysms of tremor. RESULTS: The anamnesis revealed close relationships with dogs since infancy and an attack of pleurisy of unknown etiology. The objective examination was negative except for an increased volume of the right-hand thyroid lobe. Hematochemical tests showed relative eosinophilia, a significant positivity of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and antiperoxidase with normal thyroid function indices. Thyroid scan showed a multinodular goitre. Confirmation of eosinophilia suggested the performance of a parasitological examination of feces with negative results. ECG and EEG were normal. Persistent cephalea led to the performance of an encephalic CAT which revealed a cystic formation in the rolandic region, subsequently confirmed by encephalic MNR. The positivity of the Ghedini-Weinberg test led to the diagnosis of cerebral echinococcosis. Chest X-ray and hepatic scan excluded hydatid localisation in these organs. CONCLUSIONS: The case was diagnosed as solitary primary cerebral echinococcosis. Medical follow-up was commenced with albendazole for six months, after which a control encephalic CAT showed the unchanged size of the cysts. The patient consequently underwent surgical exeresis.

Brain Diseases↗