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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Isolation of furanoterpene-containing particles from Ceratocystis fimbriata-infected sweet potato root tissue.

Furanoterpene-containing particles were isolated by centrifugation on a discontinuous Ficoll density gradient from a homogenate of the non-infected tissue adjacent to the infected region of Ceratocystis fimbriata-infected sweet potato root tissue. The particles were recovered at a relatively high ratio in the 2% Ficoll fraction, in which there was no contamination by mitochondria and only little by endoplasmic reticulum judging from the distribution of the activities of their marker enzymes and electron micrographs. Each particle was enveloped in a single membrane, 7-10 nm thick.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1981

New findings concerning the pathogenesis of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.

The pathomechanism of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning was studied by means of cardiopathological and neuropathological investigations in experimental CO intoxication. It has been shown that besides CO-hemoglobin association, the binding of CO to cytochromes is a significant factor. The latter is thought to be responsible for the cytotoxic phenomena. Combined ultrastructural and cytochemical studies have enabled differentiation between toxic, hypoxic, and mixed alternations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in regenerating nerve fibers of hemitransected spinal cord in the rat.

We explored the possibility of cytochrome oxidase (CO) involvement in spinal cord regeneration in adult rats. The spinal cord was hemitransected at T9. After one month's survival, the animals were deeply anesthetized and perfused. The spinal cord segments including the lesion site were removed and sectioned horizontally for CO histochemistry. Under light microscope, a substantial number of CO-reactive nerve fibers and boutons were identified in the lateral funiculus adjacent to the lesion site. Under electron microscope, moderately to highly CO-reactive mitochondria could be seen within nerve fibers and boutons. Synaptic contacts were identified among them. The increase in CO activity in nerve fibers and boutons may indicate their high-energy demand for synaptic and spontaneous activity following spinal cord hemisection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The basal dendrites of Meynert cells in the striate cortex of the monkey.

A study has been made of the basal dendrites of Meynert cells in the striate cortex of the macaque monkey in sections parallel to the pial surface impregnated by the Golgi technique. The longest basal dendrite observed extended up to 0.6 mm and the average length of the longest dendrite on each cell was about 0.28 mm. In general, the dendritic field was in the form of an ellipse with mean major and minor axes of 0.22 mm and 0.11 mm respectively, and encompassing an area of about 0.13 mm2. The directions of the major axes were perpendicular to the lunate sulcus in the sections adjacent to the lunate sulcus, and parallel to the horizontal meridian in sections taken from the region of the representation of the meridian, suggesting that the basal dendritic fields are orientated in parallel with the directions of the ocular dominance bands.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of Rhizobium phaseoli Tn5-induced mutants with altered expression of cytochrome terminal oxidases o and aa3.

Two Rhizobium phaseoli mutants affected in cytochrome expression were obtained by Tn5-mob mutagenesis of the wild-type strain (CE3). Mutant strain CFN031 expressed sevenfold less cytochrome o in culture, expressed cytochrome aa3 under microaerophilic culture conditions, in contrast to strain CE3, and was affected in its vegetative growth properties and proliferation inside plant host cells. Mutant CFN037 expressed cytochrome aa3 under microaerophilic culture conditions, while bacteroid development and nitrogen fixation occurred earlier than in strain CE3.

Cytochromes↗
PubMed1967

Distribution of cytochrome c peroxidase activity in wild-type and petite cells of bakers' yeast grown aerobically and anaerobically.

Studies of mitochondrial biogenesis in yeast have been hampered by a lack of suitable membrane markers in anaerobically grown cells subsequently grown in air. Cytochrome c peroxidase activity and subcellular location was studied to determine whether it would be a useful marker for an analysis of mitochondrial formation. Cytochemical tests revealed enzyme reaction product on all mitochondrial membranes in aerobically grown wild-type cells. Anaerobically grown wild-type and all petite cultures contained cytochrome c peroxidase cytochemical reaction deposits on abundant cytoplasmic membranes and on the few mitochondrial profiles which also were seen in the electron photomicrographs. Biochemical studies corroborated the cytochemistry because mitochondrial fractions were greatly enriched in cytochrome c peroxidase activity for aerobically grown wild-type cultures, but petite and anaerobically grown wild-type cultures showed higher enzyme activities in supernatant fractions than was present in the corresponding particulate fractions after differential centrifugation. Evidence from low-temperature microspectroscopy, spectrophotometric assays of mitochondrial enzyme activities, and electron microscopy showed mitochondrial formation during the time required for preparation and lysis of spheroplasts from anaerobically grown cultures. The data were interpreted as indicating that cytochrome c peroxidase was an oxygen-inducible enzyme, and that there was a developmental relationship between enzyme-reactive membranes of mitochondria and cytoplasm during the period of respiratory adaptation.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1991

Nonshivering thermogenesis in king penguin chicks. I. Role of skeletal muscle.

In cold-acclimatized (CA) king penguin chicks exhibiting nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), protein content and cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity of tissue homogenates were measured together with protein content, CO, and respiration rates of isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius and pectoralis) and liver. The comparison was made with chicks reared at thermoneutrality (TN) for at least 3 wk. In CA chicks showing a NST despite the lack of brown adipose tissue, an increase in thermogenic capacity was observed in skeletal muscle in which the oxidative capacity rose (+28% and +50% in gastrocnemius and pectoralis muscles, respectively), whereas no change occurred in the liver. Oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle increased together with the development of mitochondrial inner membrane plus cristae in muscles of CA chicks contrary to their TN littermates (+30 to +50%). Subsarcolemmal mitochondria of CA chicks had a higher protein content (+65% in gastrocnemius muscle) and higher oxidative capacities than in controls. The lower respiratory control ratio of these mitochondria might result from a low ADP phosphorylation rate. No change occurred in the intermyofibrillar fraction nor in liver mitochondria. These findings together with earlier results obtained in cold-acclimated ducklings indicate the marked and suited adaptation of skeletal muscle and in particular of subsarcolemmal mitochondria allowing them to play a role in NST.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1975

Enzyme cytochemistry of Candida albicans.

The application of a new preparation method for demonstrating the activities of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in Candida albicans is reported. The problem of inadequate penetration of fixatives into yeast cells has been solved by sectioning solidified pellets of the cells in the presence of glutaraldehyde, a procedure that yields a fairly well preserved ultrastructure and sufficient enzyme activities. The subcellular distribution of most specific and nonspecific phosphatases and of peroxidases is at variance with that found in mammalian cells. The activities toward beta-glycerophosphate, p-nitrophenylphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate and glucose 6-phosphate are almost exclusively confined to the central vacuolar apparatus. Oxidative and peroxidative activities are demonstrated only in mitochondria. Specific marker enzymes for endoplasmic reticulum, plasmalemma, Golgi apparatus and peroxisomes in C. albicans are not found. The possible function of the various subcellular organelles in relation to their enzymatic content is discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Diaminobenzidine reactivity of mitochondria and peroxisomes in Tetrahymena and in wild-type and cytochrome oxidase-deficient Paramecium.

Reactivity of mitochondria and peroxisomes to diaminobenzidine was investigated in Tetrahymena pyriformis and in wild-type and cytochrome oxidase-deficient Paramecium aurelia. Wild-type and cytochrome oxidase-deficient Paramecium gave positive mitochondrial reactions in the absence of added H2O2, and the deposits were enhanced by the addition of H2O2, whereas Tetrahymena gave positive mitochondrial reactions only upon addition of H2O2. These results are discussed in the light of the current ideas concerning the mechanism of staining by diaminobenzidine. Peroxisome-like organelles which react positively to diaminobenzidine, the reaction being partially inhibited by aminotriazole, were identified in both protozoa.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗