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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The Euromir missions.

The 179-day flight of ESA Astronaut Thomas Reiter onboard the Russian Space Station Mir drew to a successful conclusion on 29 February 1996 with the safe landing of the Soyuz TM-22 capsule near Arkalyk in Kazakhstan. This mission, known as Euromir 95, was part of ESA's precursor flight programme for the International Space Station, and followed the equally successful Euromir 94 mission by ESA Astronaut Ulf Merbold (3 October-4 November 1994). This article discusses the objectives of the two flights and presents an overview of the experiment programme, a preliminary assessment of its results and achievements, and reviews some of the lessons learnt for future Space Station operations.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

[Appraisal and analysis of heat removing characteristic of liquid cooling garment using thermal manikin].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relation of the design parameters and appraise the heat removing characteristic of liquid cooling garment (LCG) using thermal manikin. METHOD: To appraise the design of LCG, the thermal manikin wearing LCG and heat insulation garment was put in the temperature cabin, then the inlet and outlet temperature of cooling liquid in the LCG were measured and the heat removed was calculated. RESULT: The relationship between the design parameters and heat removed, and also that between the design parameters and temperature ratio efficiency were found. And the heat removed was calculated. It provided a reasonable basis for appraisal of LCG. CONCLUSION: The design of the LCG for the EVA space suit was found to be reasonable. The flow rate regulation range was too narrow, and the change of heat removing capacity depended on the change of inlet temperature.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed2000

[Incidence and prevention of space decompression sickness].

To expound the necessity that space decompression sickness (SDCS) should be separated from altitude DCS, comparison was made between the features of space DCS and altitude DCS. The etiology and pathogenesis of the space DCS and altitude DCS were the same, but the features of the rules leading to their incidences (included influencing factors etc.) were different. For the convenience of getting better systemic and definite knowledge about SDCS, and making effective preventive plans and theoretical expositous, SDCS should be taken as an independent professional term.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1972

Effects of weightlessness on astronauts--a summary.

This paper reviews the adaptive changes observed in the United States astronauts during flight programs to this date. A series of postulates are offered as to what is happening in these adaptive events. A hypothesis is proposed as to the interrelationship of events observed in the body systems and functions involved. The importance of undertaking an extensive life sciences program. including an on-orbit phase of study as well as pre- and post-flight studies is discussed. Finally, the role the Skylab flight plays in the United States Space Program in achieving the future requirements for more extensive life sciences data is summarized.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1968

The medical legacy of Gemini.

The Mercury and Gemini space flights have provided approximately 2,000 manhours of weightless exposure which can be used in comparing flight results with the predicted effects of manned space flight. In general the environmental hazards and the effects upon man appear to be of less magnitude than originally anticipated. The effects noted on the various body systems are summarized. The principal physiologic changes noted were orthostatism for some 50 hours post-flight, reduced red cell mass, and reduced X-ray density in the os calcis and the small finger. Much was learned about man's ability to work in a pressurized suit in the extravehicular condition. Early biochemical findings have pointed the way to future investigations. All of these findings are of importance in relation to the planning for future long duration missions. Although much remains to be learned, it does appear from an overview of this medical legacy that if man is properly supported and evaluated his limitations will not be a barrier to the exploration of the universe.

Adaptation, Physiological↗