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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Radioimmunodetection of cancer of gastrointestinal tract and liver metastasis with I-131 anti-CEA and I-131 anti-CA19-9 monoclonal antibody cocktail (IMACIS-1).

We evaluated the intravenous infusion of a cocktail of I-131 anti-CEA and anti-CA19-9 monoclonal antibody F(ab')2 (IMACIS-1) in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasm and liver metastases in order to assess its efficacy in detecting the presence of cancer. Seven patients with primary or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer in whom liver metastases were also detected were studied. Accumulation of radioactivity in the primary tumor was seen in only one patient. Visualization of the liver metastases was achieved in all patients. Thus detection of liver metastasis was better than in primary or recurrent tumors. While tumor visualization was most often seen in the 3 day image, optimal visualization of the tumor was seen at 5-7 days. There was no correlation between the serum concentration of CEA or CA19-9 and the visualization of tumors. Serum kinetics of I-131 IMACIS-1 showed biexponential components with a 1st phase T1/2 of 5.0 hours and 2nd phase T1/2 of 34.7 hours. The mean whole body (I-131) half-life determined from the whole-body scans was 1.95 days. The mean urinary excretion of I-131 in 7 days was 85%. This value agreed closely with total radioactivity retention detected by scanning. This series of studies demonstrated the potential utility of a cocktail of antibodies consisting of an anti-CEA and an anti-CA19-9 monoclonal F(ab')2.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.

Serum alpha-fetoprotein was estimated in 61 patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, 29 healthy controls and 10 pregnant women. Almost half ot the patients had increased values of alpha-fetoprotein and no parellelism between alpha-fetoprotein and liver metastasis was found. Decreasing of the alpha-fetoprotein during the postoperative period could be considered a sign for a total removal of the tumor, and, on the contrary -- increasing of alpha-fetoprotein -- for a recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Endosonography--is it sound for the masses?

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), a relatively new addition to the endoscopist's diagnostic armamentarium, provides detailed images of the gut wall layers and surrounding organs. Endosonography is highly accurate in the staging of gastrointestinal neoplasms and may provide information that is invaluable in treatment planning, such as evidence of unresectability. EUS also has particular utility in the evaluation of submucosal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and the preoperative localization of States, Olympus and Pentax manufacture two different endosonography systems, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. Recently, EUS-directed biopsy has enhanced the diagnostic potential of the procedure. With the recent approval of CPT codes and reimbursement values, interest in the procedure is likely to expand. Adequate training in EUS is essential for the successful performance of the procedure; a period of proctored training with an experienced endosonographer is recommended.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Death from ischaemic heart-disease and malignancy in adult patients with coeliac disease.

The cause of death was obtained for 77 members of the Coeliac Society resident in England and Wales. Proportional mortality analysis revealed a significant deficiency in deaths from ischaemic heart-disease in males and a non-significant deficiency in females. It is suggested that this apparent protective effect of coeliac disease might result from malabsorption of dietary lipids. The study also confirmed findings of an excess of deaths from lymphoma and upper gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed2001

Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor: immunohistochemical and molecular identity with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor (GANT) is a gastrointestinal neoplasm that ultrastructurally recapitulates the enteric neural plexus. This study identifies and defines the features of 10 cases of this rare mesenchymal tumor and compares its clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features with the data on gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The majority of patients in this series presented at an older age (mean 64 years). Tumors arose from the stomach (6), small intestine (2), and retroperitoneum (2). Mean tumor size was 14 cm; however, four neoplasms were <6 cm. Histologically, tumors were spindled or epithelioid; one epithelioid tumor demonstrated a previously undescribed rhabdoid histologic phenotype. All tumors were positive for CD117 (KIT), while eight of 10 were positive for CD34. In contrast, only two were positive for S-100, and all were negative for actin and desmin. Five GANTs demonstrated GIST-specific gain-of-function mutations in the juxtamembrane domain of the c-kit gene (50%). Three of 10 patients died of disease in 22-30 months, one patient died in the postoperative period, and one patient died of complications of CML. The clinicopathologic, histologic, immunohistologic, and molecular features of GANT are similar to GIST, indicating that GANT merely represents a phenotypic variant of GIST.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Clinical usefulness of CEA assay.

CEA is a normal constituent of fetal cells, which can reappear in entodermally-derived neoplasms, following a de-repression process. In order to evaluate the correlation between CEA serum levels, pathological stage and histological type of tumour, and to define the usefulness of CEA in monitoring the patients with gastroenteric neoplasms, 177 patients (62 with gastric heteroplasia and 115 with large bowel carcinoma) were tested for CEA; 83 patients had pre-surgical CEA tests. It was observed that CEA positivity (serum levels greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml, employing the technique here outlined), is higher in colonic than in gastric neoplasms, and in adenocarcinomas in comparison with undifferentiated forms, moreover depending on the pathologic stage. 108 patients were tested for CEA several times and a correlation between CEA variations and clinical evolution was observed. This investigation bears out the importance to monitor the patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms with CEA test, before and after surgery, to evaluate the usefulness of surgery and, when necessary, chemotherapy and, eventually, to adopt more suitable chemotherapeutic modalities.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1997

Argon plasma coagulation in flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy: pilot experiences.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In argon plasma coagulation (APC), high-frequency energy is transmitted to tissue by ionized gas, thus reducing contact with the tissue to a minimum. Successful endoscopic APC was initially reported in the palliative treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms. The main objectives in this pilot study were to evaluate the treatment indications, efficacy and safety of the use of APC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between September 1994 and January 1996, APC was used to treat 125 patients with various forms of gastrointestinal pathology. RESULTS: For local palliative treatment, APC was successfully used alongside snare loop coagulation, dilation, stenting and/or radiotherapy to treat the following conditions: carcinoma of the esophagus: 15 patients, mean number of treatment sessions (MTS) 3.3; gastric carcinoma: 10 patients, MTS 4.9; rectosigmoid carcinoma: seven patients, MTS 2.7; carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: two patients, MTS 1.5. Repeated treatment was also effective for tubulovillous adenoma of the rectum (20 patients, MTS 2.5), stomach (three patients, MTS 2.0), duodenum (two patients, MTS 1.5) and papilla of Vater (two patients, MTS 3.0). In addition, APC proved helpful in coagulating the remaining tissue and achieving hemostasis after polypectomy in the colon (18 patients, MTS 1.2) and in endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum, for coagulation of the tissue bridge and hemostasis (31 patients, MTS 2.5). Finally, APC was helpful in coagulation of multiple gastric polyps (one patient, one session), hemostasis in superficial ulceration of the duodenal bulb (one patient, one session), after dilation of benign stenoses of anastomoses in the esophagus (one patient, one session) and colon (one patient, one session) and for vascular malformations in the colon (three patients, MTS 1.3), duodenum (one patient, one session), antrum (one patient, two sessions), and watermelon stomach (six patients, MTS 2.8). We recognized signs of perforation in six patients after treatment of Zenker's diverticulum (n = 3), polypectomy in the colon (n = 2) and coagulation of angiodysplasia in the cecum. Laparotomy was carried out in two patients; in one, a perforation was sutured, and in the other no focus of leakage was seen. All six patients recovered without further complications. No complications were observed in any other patients. CONCLUSIONS: These initial experiences indicate that APC seems to be effective in a number of indications, and relatively safe. Objective evaluation, a longer follow-up period, and comparative trials with other treatment modalities should follow.

Adenoma, Villous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is there a correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha and soluble p-55 receptor plasma levels in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients?

UNLABELLED: Studies have shown an increased spontaneous TNF alpha production, and the 24--rhythmicity of TNF blood concentration in patients with advanced cancer. The present study investigates whether diurnal rhythmicity of endogenous TNF alpha is associated with the induction of circulating sTNF Rp55 in advanced gastrointestinal neoplasm. The levels of endogenous TNF alpha and sTNF Rp55 in serum were measured at 8 a.m., 2 p.m., 6 p.m., 10 p.m., 2 a.m., and again at 8 a.m. RESULTS: There is circadian rhythm in the secretion of endogenous TNF alpha in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, however no diurnal rhythm of sTNF Rp55 was observed. Since it has been suggested that human tumors susceptible to TNF alpha may escape destruction by secreting or inducing the secretion of sTNF Rp55 to block the effects of TNF alpha, the possibility that the observed fluctuations could also reflect the complexation of a proportion of the receptor molecules with their ligand should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Industries and cancer.

Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between selected industries and cancer is reviewed. This article will focus on several industries which have not been covered elsewhere in this volume, briefly describe current research on cancer in the agricultural and construction industries, and discuss surveillance data on cancer mortality in relation to industry listed on US death certificates. Employment in the rubber industry has been associated with bladder cancer, leukemia, stomach, and lung cancer and is considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to have 'sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.' Studies of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have reported excess mortality from gastrointestinal neoplasms, hematologic neoplasms, and skin cancer (specifically malignant melanoma); IARC considers that the evidence for carcinogenicity in humans is 'limited.' Employment in the boot and shoe industry has been associated with nasal adenocarcinomas in England and Italy ('sufficient'). Hairdressers and barbers have been found to have excess bladder cancer and less consistent evidence for several other sites ('limited'). Workers exposed to wood dust have excess mortality from cancer of the nasal sinuses and paranasal cavities; there is less consistent evidence for excess laryngeal cancer ('sufficient'). Workers employed in the petroleum industry have limited evidence for excess leukemia and other lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms, and skin cancer (particularly malignant melanoma) ('limited').

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in equids.

Eleven gastrointestinal neoplasms from 10 aged horses and 1 pony were examined grossly, his tologically, immunohistochemically, and (in two cases) ultrastructurally. Clinical signs were associated with two neoplasms, and the other nine tumors were incidental findings at laparotomy or necropsy. The neoplasms were solitary (9/11) or multifocal (2/11), well demarcated, serosal or mural masses of stomach (1), jejunum (1), ileum (3), cecum (5), and/or colon (2). Microscopic examination revealed discrete spindle cells arranged in compact patterns with fascicles and whorls or cribriform pattern with fascicles and rare palisades, often with a myxoid interstitial matrix. Three tumors infiltrated between the muscularis interna and the muscularis externa at the myenteric plexi. All neoplasms were vimentin positive, 3/11 were S-100 positive, 2/11 were muscle actin positive, and no neoplasm was positive for glial fibrillary acid protein, desmin, factor VIII, chromogranin, or neuron-specific enolase. Of the two tumors studied ultrastructurally, one contained an admixture of smooth muscle cells and cells resembling Schwann cells, and the second was populated by homogeneous fusiform mesenchymal cells separated by homogeneous matrix. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) have been recognized in humans, more recently in dogs and nonhuman primates, and now in equids. Most of these tumors are comprised of a loosely arranged network of spindled cells separated by myxoid matrix. GIST may be composed of myogenic, neurogenic, combined myogenic and neurogenic, and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Therapeutic effect of argon plasma coagulation on small malignant gastrointestinal tumors.

In endoscopy, argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a new principle of non-contact electrocoagulation and has proved to be a sufficient tool for palliative endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms, predominantly of the oesophagus and colorectum. In a study of 67 patients suffering from histologically confirmed and endosonographic T1-staged tumours of the gastrointestinum, 10 patients were selected for endoscopic APC treatment because of the impossibility of surgical therapy. Although the application was primarily of a palliative nature, in 9 of 10 cases of minor neoplasms, no further tumour could be detected in biopsies during the observation period (9.45 +/- 2.8 months). One patient was not cured locally. In none of the patients was any serious complication noticed during the outpatient follow-up. The effective results and lack of severe complications suggest this technique as an alternative therapy in selected patients with smaller gastrointestinal tumours.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma: diagnosis and management of common neoplasms.

Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma represents the most common location of extranodal lymphoma. With the bulk of disease manifesting within the gastrointestinal tract and contiguous lymph nodes, many of the lymphomas occurring in the peripheral lymph nodes can also present with primary gastrointestinal tract involvement. Molecular biology has recently enabled significant progress in the diagnosis and management of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. Herein, we will discuss the major lymphomas affecting the bowel and highlight their key morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular diagnostic attributes. Similarly, in keeping with recent therapeutic advances, we will briefly discuss some important treatment considerations. Thus, this review is intended to offer clinicians and pathologists an overview of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Endoscopic laser therapy in gastroenterology.

Endoscopic laser therapy has become an important and widely used tool in gastroenterology. It has become important for outpatient palliative therapy for ablating obstructing gastrointestinal neoplasms. This method has often circumvented the need for major palliative surgical resections. Caution must be applied to laser therapy for potentially curable malignant neoplasms because, with vaporization of the target tissue, no tissue specimen is available to assure that local or invasive residual carcinoma is excluded. Therefore, in good surgical candidates, surgical resection of potentially curable cancers is always recommended. In the future, however, the combination of refined endoscopic ultrasonography and laser fluorescence techniques may lead to earlier detection, more precise localization, and even curative ablation of gastrointestinal malignancy.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1976

Tumours of the lower alimentary tract.

THIS CLASSIFICATION IS PRESENTED IN TWO PARTS: (a) tumours of the gastrointestinal tract; and (b) tumours of the anal canal and margin. In the gastrointestinal tract the tumours are classified as adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma, with several subtypes. Most polyps prove to be non-neoplastic, hyperplastic, or regenerative rather than adenomatous. Carcinoma of the stomach occurs mainly in dogs, but is a rare tumour in all parts of the world. Moderately differentiated, tubular adenocarcinoma of the small intestine with excessive fibrosis occurs in all six species; in some geographical locations it may occur frequently in sheep and cattle. The adenoma/carcinoma sequence in the rectum of the dog is similar to that in man but is encountered less often. Carcinoid tumours are very rare in domestic animals. Among the soft tissue tumours, those of smooth muscle and adipose tissue are found fairly frequently and congenital mesothelioma in the peritoneum of calves occurs occasionally. Tumours of the haematopoietic and related tissues are the most common gastrointestinal neoplasms in all species and most belong to the lymphosarcoma group. Tumours of the anal canal and margin are common in the dog and 90% of these are tumours of the hepatoid (perianal) glands.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of FDG PET in the staging, recurrence and treatment response to imatinib (Glivec) in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors].

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for almost 4 % of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Recently, a new type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Glivec), has been successfully used in patients with metastasic or unresectable disease. The aim of the study is to show the utility of PET in the staging, recurrence and treatment response to Glivec in GIST tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 48 whole body FDG-PET studies in 27 patients with GIST (19 men/mean age = 56 y) were evaluated for initial staging (n = 13), recurrence (n = 15) or treatment response to Glivec (n = 20). Images were acquired in a whole body 2D mode using attenuation correction on an Advance Nxi G.E.MS camera and were evaluated visually and quantatively using SUV analysis. Results were compared with radiological findings, hystological confirmation or follow-up. RESULTS: In the initial staging evaluation, FDG-PET shows a more extensive disease than suspected in 3/10 patients. In other 3 patients PET ruled out mesenteric or peritoneal disease. In the evaluation of treatment response to Glivec, FDG-PET showed a good response in eleven patients (complete response in seven and partial response in four). In this group a sixty percent decrease of the SUV max was assessed. Two patients showed no response to Glivec at doses of 400 mg or 800 mg, showing a stable SUV value and/or increased in some abdominal lesions. PET detected recurrence in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: This study show how FDG-PET is accurate in the early treatment response to Glivec. PET could be helpful in the staging and recurrence of GIST tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Expression of type I interferon receptor as a predictor of clinical response to interferon-alpha therapy of gastrointestinal cancers.

Interferon (IFN) is used in the treatment of many malignancies and viral disorders. We recently reported a significant correlation between the efficacy of IFN-alpha combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and IFN-alpha/type I IFN receptor (IFNAR2) expression. It is possible that the expression of IFNAR2 in gastrointestinal cancerous tissue, apart from HCC, may predict the efficacy of IFN-alpha combination therapy. We investigated the expression of IFNAR2 in 100 gastrointestinal cancerous tissues. IFNAR2 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry, in surgically resected tissue samples (20 esophageal, 20 gastric, 20 colorectal, 20 cholangiocarcinoma, and 20 pancreatic samples). The expression rate of IFNAR2 was 35.0% (7/20), 25.0% (5/20), 20.0% (4/20), 45.0% (9/20), and 25.0% (5/20) in esophageal, gastric cancer, colorectal, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer samples, respectively. In our previous report, the expression rate of IFNAR2 in HCC samples was 64.8% (59/91). Thus, the expression rates of IFNAR2 in the five types of gastrointestinal cancers tested here were low, compared with HCC. The clinical efficacy of IFN-alpha mono- or combination therapies in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms is expected to be lower than in patients with HCC based on the expression level of IFNAR2.

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms↗