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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Inspiratory activity responses to lung inflation and ventral medullary surface cooling of glossopharyngeal nerve (stylopharyngeal muscle branch) and its motoneuron distribution in the rat.

Inspiratory (I) discharges of the phrenic (Phr) and glossopharyngeal (stylopharyngeal muscle branch, IX) nerves were compared in the urethane anesthetized, vagi-intact and artificially ventilated rat in which respiratory rhythm was generated in synchrony with cyclic changes in airway pressure (P(aw)) produced by a ventilator. Observations were made during respiratory suppression due to excess lung inflation and bilateral cooling of the ventral medullary surface (VMS). In the control condition, regular rhythmic I bursts appeared at low baseline P(aw) phase (lung deflation) and ceased when P(aw) increased (lung inflation) in each ventilator cycle. Increase in baseline P(aw) (P(aw) > 8 cmH2O, excess lung inflation) suppressed the initiation of rhythmic I discharge. However, threshold baseline P(aw) for suppressing I bursts was higher in the IX than in the Phr nerve, and regular rhythmic I activity remained in the IX even after cessation of Phr bursts. During VMS cooling, I bursts disappeared first in the Phr and subsequently in the IX nerve and emerged always first in the IX during recovery. The results suggest that I activity of the IX (stylopharyngeal) motoneurons, which are located in the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus, are less suppressed than that of Phr motoneurons by vagal afferents arising probably from slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors or by a reduction in respiratory drive from VMS. These differential responses of Phr and IX motoneurons may be ascribed to differences in activation or inhibition processes between two motoneuron groups despite both being driven by a common rhythm generator.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

[Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal nerve with syncope attacks].

The anatomical viewpoints of nervus IX and its surrounding structures are explained. The authors report on one case of symptomatology of glossopharyngeal neuralgia combined with cardiac arrests. Finally, pathogenesis and surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia are discussed.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1993

[The neurophysiological changes in the taste reactions of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve evoked by the chronic administration of ethanol].

The latency of impulse responses of taste receptors to different taste stimuli was studied and frequency-temporal characteristics of the responses were analysed during chronic ethanol injection. It was shown that the latency of taste responses depending un the type of taste stimuli was increased 2-4.5 times after 7-14 days of ethanol injection. The latency of responses tended to shortening within 30 days of ethanol injection. The continued ethanol injection brought about a renewal of increase in the response latency. The changes in the dynamics of the impulse taste responses to salt and sour stimuli were found within 90 days of ethanol injection. The findings indicate that both the transduction of taste stimuli and the conduction of sensitive nerve fibres are disturbed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Primate sense of taste: behavioral and single chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerve fiber recordings in the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta.

The responses of 51 chorda tympani proper (CT) and 33 glossopharyngeal (NG) neural taste units from the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) were recorded during stimulation of either the anterior (CT) or posterior (NG) part of the tongue with 26 stimuli that taste salty, umami, sour, bitter, and sweet to humans. In the CT, hierarchical cluster analysis separated four major clusters. The N and S clusters were most populous, followed by the H cluster and a small Q cluster. NaCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and MSG with guanosine 5'-monophosphate were the best stimuli in the N cluster. Amiloride suppressed responses to NaCl. KCl did not stimulate fibers from this cluster. S cluster fibers were characterized by strong responses to all sweeteners. The H cluster responded best to acids but also to some of the sweeteners such as xylitol, fructose, and sucrose. Q fibers responded well to quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) and caffeine, but not to denatonium benzoate. In the NG, hierarchical cluster analysis separated three major clusters. Q fibers formed the largest cluster. QHCl, caffeine, and sucrose octa-acetate but not denatonium benzoate elicited very strong responses in these fibers. S fibers formed a second cluster. Although most of the sweeteners stimulated the S fibers, their responses were not so pronounced as in CT S fibers. The small M cluster was formed by fibers that responded best to MSG. They also responded to NaCl and acids. Two bottle preference tests showed a positive relationship between a sweetener's ability to stimulate the taste fibers and the animals' consumption. Thus the most-liked sweeteners stimulated the S cluster fibers of CT best, whereas less-liked sweeteners such as D-phenylalanine elicited a response in Q fibers and sodium cyclamate stimulated N fibers. The results show that both CT and NG taste fibers of M. mulatta group according to the human concepts of taste qualities.

Animals↗