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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Fluid and electrolyte transport in the small intestine.

The small intestine is in a dynamic state of secretion and absorption, the sum of which results in net absorption. Secretion is principally the result of chloride and bicarbonate extrusion through apical chloride channels after the activation of the second messengers cAMP, cGMP, and calcium. In addition to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, several other candidate chloride channels have been identified and proposed to play a role in intestinal secretion, including the calcium-dependent chloride channel hCLCA1. Pathways leading to the negative control of secretion have been described that use cellular messengers, including inositol (3,4,5,6) tetrakisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which may act via basolateral potassium channels. The control of ion transport can also be viewed in terms of the enteric nervous system. The reflex neural pathways involved in enterotoxin-induced secretion have been substantiated and shown to involve 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P, and the neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors in the sensory arm, and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the secretomotor efferents. Absorption of glucose in addition to active cotransport with sodium via the Na/glucose cotransporter protein has also been shown to occur passively through a carrier-mediated mechanism, using the membrane protein glucose transporter protein 2.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Surgery of the small intestine.

The small intestine is the portal of entry of virtually all nutrients and is also the site of diverse inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. This field has recently attracted intense excitement as a result of novel clinical and experimental techniques, combined modality therapies, and basic science applications. This review will highlight important clinical advances in surgery for Crohn disease, short bowel syndrome, transplantation, trauma, and polyposis. Promising experimental approaches, novel methods of clinical assessment, and multimodality treatment will also be considered.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary lymphoma of the small intestine].

INTRODUCTION: Small bowel neoplasms are relatively rare, considering digestive system neoplasms. The aim of this case report was to point to clinical manifestations, significance and treatment patterns of small bowel lymphomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a case report of a sixty-eight year old patient who had undergone surgical treatment due to clinical and radiological findings of small bowel obstruction. RESULTS: Histological findings revealed a malignant lymphoma. Primary small intestine lymphomas are treated by radiochemotherapy followed by surgical treatment (partial resection).

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Cellular retinol-binding protein (type two) is abundant in human small intestine.

Human small intestine was found to contain a retinol-binding protein similar to the gut-specific cellular retinol-binding protein, type two [CRBP (II)], described in the rat. This newly detected human protein was immunochemically distinct from human cellular retinol binding protein previously described but immunochemically similar to rat CRBP (II). The partially purified protein bound retinol and exhibited fluorescence excitation and emission spectra distinct from those spectra for retinol bound to pure human CRBP but similar to the spectra for retinol bound to rat CRBP (II). Human CRBP (II) could be localized to the villus-associated enterocytes by immunohistochemistry, using antiserum against rat CRBP (II). The protein was abundant representing 0.4% of the total soluble protein in a jejunum mucosal extract. This protein may play an important role in the absorption and necessary intestinal metabolism of vitamin A.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1985

[Uterine multiple node fibromyomatosis associated with an asymptomatic leiomyoma of the small intestine].

Benign small bowel tumours are rare, often asymptomatic and are founded incidentally at surgery or post mortem examination. In about 70% patients with benign small bowel tumour were reported to have associated benign or malignant tumours of other districts. The Authors report a case of leiomyoma of the small intestine associated with multinodular leiofibromyomatosis of the uterus.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in dogs with chronic intestinal disease.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was diagnosed by quantitative bacterial culture of duodenal juice samples obtained endoscopically in 41 of 80 dogs that were admitted with chronic diarrhea, vomiting, or weight loss. Thirteen dogs had aerobic bacterial overgrowth, most frequently comprising Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and enterococci, and 28 dogs had mixed anaerobic overgrowth, most frequently including Clostridium and Bacteroides spp. Affected dogs comprised 23 breeds, including 10 German Shepherd Dogs and median age at diagnosis was 2 years (range, 6 months to 11 years). High serum folate and low serum cobalamin concentrations had fair specificity (79 and 87%, respectively), but low sensitivity (51 and 24%, respectively) in detecting SIBO. Histologic examination of duodenal biopsy specimens did not reveal abnormalities (26/41 dogs), or revealed mild to moderate lymphocytic (12/41) or eosinophilic (2/41) infiltrates, or lymphosarcoma (1/41). Oral antibiotic treatment was effective in 77% (23/30 dogs), but prolonged treatment (> 4 weeks) was required to control signs and prevent recurrence in 50% (15/30). Corticosteroids were used alone in a dog with eosinophilic enteritis and in combination with antibiotics in 4 dogs with marked gastrointestinal lymphocytic/plasmacytic infiltrates. This study suggested that SIBO may be observed in dogs of many breeds, without an obvious primary cause, and that, although results of indirect tests may be suggestive of SIBO, bacterial culture of duodenal juice samples remains necessary for definitive diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effects of S(-) and R(+) sulpiride, metoclopramide, cisapride and domperidone on the small intestine suggest DA2-receptors are involved in the control of small intestinal transit time in rats.

To study the effect of intraperitoneal S(-)sulpiride (1-15 mg/kg), R(+)sulpiride (5-10 mg/kg), metoclopramide (1-15 mg/kg), cisapride (10 mg/kg) and domperidone (5-10 mg/kg) on intestinal progression, rats were given the test drug followed by oral lactulose. Their hydrogen excretion was used to calculate the small bowel transit time (SBTT) and maximum peak time (MPT). Metoclopramide (7.5 mg/kg) had the greatest effect on SBTT (-25%), followed by S(-)sulpiride and domperidone. S(-)sulpiride (10 mg/kg) had the greatest activity on the MPT (-35.2%) followed by metoclopramide. R(+)sulpiride and cisapride did not modify SBTT and MPT. In conclusion S(-)sulpiride is the isomer active on intestinal transit and DA2-receptors seem important targets in the modulation of intestinal progression, since S(-)sulpiride, metoclopramide and domperidone are DA2-receptor antagonists, and R(+)sulpiride and cisapride are not. The H2 breath test proved a valid method for measuring the effect of drugs on the small intestine in animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 receptors in rat small intestine following massive small bowel resection. Analysis by binding, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry.

This study was undertaken to correlate changes in insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 receptors in enterocytes both during the phase of active hyperplasia (protocol 1) and the phase of initiation of hyperplasia (protocol 2) induced by 60% proximal jejunoileal resection in rats. Hormone binding to purified receptor preparations, indirect immunofluorescence analysis by flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry were used to identify receptor changes. Insulin and IGF-2 receptor binding were increased in the intestine two days after surgery and prior to increased cell mass. The number of cells expressing insulin and IGF-1 receptors increased two- and three-fold between 12 and 36 hr after resection, whereas IGF-2 receptors were maintained throughout the 48-hr period. A significant increase in immunoreactive IGF-2 receptors in both the villus and crypt regions of the jejunum and ileum was observed 12 hr after resection, and this increase was maintained in the crypt region of the jejunum through 48 hr. Therefore, insulin and IGF-2 receptors appear to be important in the initiation of cellular hyperplasia following resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. 6. Pathogenesis of the graft-versus-host reaction in the small intestinal mucosa of the mouse.

The intestinal phase of the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) has been investigated in adult F1 mice bearing grafts of fetal gut using an H-2-incompatible and an H-2-compatible, Mls-incompatible combination. The results indicate that the mitotic activity of the intestinal crypts and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes are sensitive parameters of the mucosal cell-mediated immune response in the GVHR. Using these indices, indirect evidence has been obtained that soluble factors may be responsible for the damage to the intestine in the GVHR. Possible pathways of lymphocyte activation and migration to the gut are proposed to explain the role of gut-associated T cells in the production of these mediators.

Animals↗