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PubMed1957

An unusual protein component of high molecular weight in the serum of certain patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

In the sera of a number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis an unusual, high molecular weight protein component could be detected by direct ultracentrifuge analysis of whole serum. This material sedimented more rapidly than the normal 19 S component and reached concentrations up to 340 mg. per cent. Similar components were not observed in a limited control series. The high molecular weight material was present in the gamma-globulin fraction of serum and joint fluid. It had an S20,(w) of approximately 22 S and could be dissociated into 2 fractions, one of which had a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 19 S. Evidence for a direct relationship between the 22 S component and the gamma-globulin precipitation test was obtained. The latter reaction was found to occur in the presence of altered, aggregated gamma globulin. Absorption of serum with altered gamma globulin removed the 22 S component. There also appeared to be a connection with the sheep cell agglutination reaction and the latex fixation test. The 22 S fraction was always observed in sera giving the most positive tests. Procedures of density gradient and repeated preparative ultracentrifugation demonstrated that each of these reactions was caused by a high molecular weight fraction. The relationship between the unusual protein complex and various 19 S gamma-globulins and 19 S antibodies is discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1976

[Serodiagnosis of rheumatic disorders].

For the serological diagnostics of the diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (A-streptococci) and secondary diseases (rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis) in the first place the anti-streptolysin reaction is at disposal. In the judgment age is to be taken into consideration and the proportion of the inhibitor in the serum is to be removed by absorption with dextran sulphate. Reliable evidence is to be expected only by the course of the titre. If possible, the antistreptolysin reaction should be supplemented by a second reaction, for which purpose the anti-desoxyribonuclease B-reaction is to be recommended. For supporting the diagnostics of the rheumatoid arthritis at least 2 reactions should be performed, i. e. a haemagglutination test (e. g. after Podliachouk-Harboe) and a particle agglutination test (latex fixation reaction). By means of them the rheumatoid factors (above all antibodies of the IgM-class against gamma-globulin) are proved. The haemagglutinations connect a high specifity with a more insignificant sensitivity, in the particle agglutinations the reverse is the case. Apart from the serological tests mentioned here other proved reactions are mentioned. Besides, data on the valuation of the results and their diagnostic importance are in this paper.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

[Latex allergy].

During the last 10-15 years allergic reaction to Natural rubber latex (NLR) has become an increasing occupational problem among health-care workers. The allergy is caused by allergenic proteins in the NRL. The diagnosis is achieved through a relevant history, skin prick tests with aquous NRL glove extracts and blood tests. History and prick tests are most important. The most frequent cross-reaction is to banana. Careful instruction on prevention is a must.

Allergens↗
PubMed2000

[Evaluation of the usefulness for the latex agglutination test for serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections].

The usefulness of latex agglutination test prepared in our laboratory for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections was assessed. A total of 628 serum samples obtained from patients with respiratory tract infections were tested by complement fixation test and by latex test, from among them 274 serum samples were additionally tested by ELISA--Ig A/--IgG/--IgM and by immunoelectroprecipitation test. The highest sensitivity and specificity was displayed by the latex test in relation to ELISA when determining mycoplasmal antibodies of IgM class (respectively 82.1% and 89.6%) and to the complement fixation test (81.0% and 89.0%). Positive latex test results in our investigations were associated only with the presence of IgM antibodies and were not dependent on the IgA and IgG antibody classes. The latex agglutination test may be used in routine serodiagnosis of mycoplasmosis under condition that the results obtained in this test will be confirmed by the complement fixation test or ELISA.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1976

Chronic Q fever.

Sixteen cases of chronic Q fever are described. In eight there was a history of exposure to infection from farms or farm products. All had valvular heart disease, involving the mitral valve in nine and the aortic valve in seven. Infection occurred on a prosthetic valve in two patients. Arterial embolism was common. Venous thrombosis occured in three patients, and pulmonary embolism occurred in three other patients. Complement fixing antibodies to phase 1 antigen were found in a titre of 1:200 or greater in all except two patients. In one of these post-mortem examination revealed rickettsial bodies in mitral valve vegetations, and in the other Coxiella burneti was isolated from heart valve tissue. The majority presented with infective endocarditis but two presented primarily with liver disease. All patients had evidence of liver involvement and in one this led to death from cirrhosis. Abnormal tests of liver function, particularly hyperglobulinaemia, raised alkaline phsophatase and abnormal bromsulphthalein retention were found in all patients. Hepatic histology was abnormal in all eight patients in whom it was studied. The commonest features were mononuclear cell infiltration of the portal tracts and prominence of the sinusoidal Kupffer cells. Patchy focal necrosis of parenchymal cells, granulomata, fatty change, and eosinophilia of the sinusoidal walls were also noted in several patients and cirrhosis developed in one. Six patients had a purpuric rash, and in 12 there was thrombocytopenia. It is suggested that the presence of hepatomegaly and liver involvement and thrombocytopenia may help to differentiate Q fever endocarditis from bacterial endocarditis. Raised serum IgM and IgA levels occured frequently, but with only a moderate dominance of IgM. Sheep cell agglutination and latex fixation tests for rheumatoid factor were occasionally positive. Several features of the disease suggest the possibility that immune-complex mechanisms may play a role in chronic Q fever. Treatment was with prolonged courses of tetracycline usually combined with lincomycin. Seven patients underwent valve replacement surgery for haemodynamic reasons. Five patients died; two from heart failure, one from cirrhosis, one seven days after valve replacement and one from intraperitoneal haemorrhage following percutaneous liver biopsy. Three patients have survived for more than five years, and another six for more than three and a half years after diagnosis. Of these nine patients, three received medical therapy alone and six required valve replacement as well. Antibiotics have been discontinued in four patients who have had valve surgery and three others. Six patients had received antibiotics for continuous periods varying from 29-62 months. In the period after stopping therapy varying from 15-21 months, no relapse has occured. A seventh patient, who had received antibiotics for four months prior to valve replacement, has survived 43 months after the withdrawal of antibiotics...

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Rheumatoid factor is the strongest predictor of radiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis in a three-year prospective study in community-recruited patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of clinical, biological and radiological parameters for the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a community-recruited cohort. METHODS: Ninety-one patients (mean age 49 yr, female/male ratio 2.9) with RA of limited duration (median 2 yr), 80% recruited from the community, were prospectively enrolled in 1996 (T1) and followed until 1999 (T2). Data collected at T1 were demographic characteristics, Ritchie articular index (RAI), extra-articular manifestations, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, C-reactive protein (CRP) and autoantibodies (autoAbs) [rheumatoid factors (RF), detected by latex fixation test and ELISA (IgM, IgA and IgG isotypes), anti-filaggrin, detected by immunofluorescence (anti-keratin antibodies, AKA; anti-perinuclear factor antibodies, APF) and ELISA (anti-citrullinated rat filaggrin antibodies, ACRFA), anti-Sa, anti-calpastatin recognizing the 27 C-terminal fragment (ACAST-C27) and domain I (ACAST-DI), anti-cardiolipin (ACL), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-annexin V (aANX V) and anti-Ro]. Hands were radiographed at T1 and T2, and read using the Sharp method as modified by van der Heijde. The main assessment criterion was progression of radiologically detected damage between T1 and T2. RESULTS: At T1, RA activity was mild (RAI 11/78; mean CRP 14 mg/ml), with minor functional disability (HAQ 0.8/3) and mild X-ray destruction (mean total Sharp score 9.2/280). At T1, 96% of the patients were on treatment (prednisone 72%, DMARDs 95%). The latex test detected autoAb in 46% of patients, RF-IgM was detected in 51%, RF-IgA in 36%, RF-IgG in 32%, AKA in 33%, APF in 45%, ACRFA in 45%, ACAST-C27 in 14%, ACAST-DI in 5%, anti-Sa in 22%, ACL in 3%, ANCA in 28%, aANX V in 9% and anti-Ro in 2%. At T2, the mean total Sharp score was 22.9. According to univariate analysis, T1 parameters associated with the independent variable were RAI, HAQ, CRP, latex test positivity and T1 Sharp scores. Multivariate analysis retained only latex test positivity and, to a lesser degree, joint-space narrowing score as independent predictors of radiological progression. CONCLUSION: RF is the main factor that can predict radiological progression in community cases of RA of limited duration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenovirus arthritis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complement-fixing hidden rheumatoid factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Fifteen to twenty percent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have positive latex fixation tests (LFT), whereas approximately 46% have previously been demonstrated to have hidden rheumatoid factors (RF), i.e., 19S IgM RF which can be detected by the LFT after acid separation of the IgM-containing fraction from serum. In this study, hidden RF were found in 59% of patients with seronegative JRA by use of a complement-dependent hemolytic assay. The median titer of JRA patients was 1:42, and in healthy and disease controls it was 1:7. The difference was significant at P less than 0.001. When data from patients with active disease were analyzed separately, the median titer for polyarticular JRA was 1:97 and for pauciarticular JRA, 1:91. The differences due to active disease were significant at P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005, respectively. The results demonstrate that the hemolytic assay is more sensitive than the LFT in determining the presence of hidden RF, and activity of disease correlates well with high hemolytic RF titers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of ascorbic acid on humoral and other factors of immunity in coal-tar exposed workers.

A group of 30 coal-tar workers was treated with 1 g of ascorbic acid (AA) orally five times a week for 3 months. The effect of this treatment was assessed on serum IgG, IgM, IgA, alpha 1-antitrypsin, prealbumin, orosomucoid, transferrin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, the latex fixation test and cancer serum index (CSI). After 3 months treatment the concentration of AA in the blood increased from 9.52 to 60.75 mumol l-1 (i.e. from 0.15 to 1.07 mg 100 ml-1), prealbumin increased from 0.37 +/- 0.08 g l-1 to 0.48 +/- 0.08 g l-1 (P less than 0.01), CSI decreased from 2.28 +/- 0.88 to 1.76 +/- 0.50 (P less than 0.01) and alpha 2-macro-globulin decreased from 3.40 +/- 0.95 to 2.06 +/- 0.39 g l-1 (P less than 0.01). These findings, together with reports that AA is a strong stimulator of xenobiotics biotransformation in the liver, support the use of AA as a prophylactic agent for coal-tar exposed workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Human mononuclear cells and neutral proteinases. III. Neutral proteinases and rheumatoid arthritis: monocytes as a source of cathepsin G and proteinase potentiation of IgM rheumatoid factor elaboration.

We have been interested in contributions of certain cells and mediators to synovial inflammation rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present studies were designed to determine (1) whether monocytes contained the neutral proteinase cathepsin G and (2) if neutral proteinase could induce or potentiate cellular IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) production. Monocyte-rich and monocyte-poor populations were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density sedimentation followed by glass adherence, and cellular lysates were obtained by repetitive freezing and thawing as we have reported for neutrophil-derived neutral proteinase. Cathepsin G was quantified immunochemically by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) we developed utilizing commercially available anti-cathepsin G antibodies. Mononuclear and B-cell-enriched cell cultures were prepared by standard methods and IgM RF measured by our ELISA. Cell-derived lysates from monocyte-enriched populations (84 +/- 3% monocytes, less than 1% neutrophils) contained considerably greater amounts of measurable cathepsin G (OD280 = 0.393 +/- 0.153) than lysates from equal numbers of monocyte (15 +/- 2% monocytes, less than 1% neutrophils)-depleted cells (OD280 = 0.071 +/- 0.038; P less than 0.05). Eighteen patients with RA and three normal individuals did not have consistently increased cellular elaboration of Ig or IgM RF in vitro in response to proteinase (trypsin) stimulation; however, patients manifested 80% potentiation by trypsin of pokeweed-stimulated cellular IgM RF production in vitro (pokeweed-stimulated IgM RF 137 +/- 53 ng/ml, pokeweed/trypsin-induced IgM RF 246 +/- 100 ng/ml; P less than 0.02), changes being most striking for those patients seropositive by latex fixation test (84% increase, P less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in paired examinations of serum and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis and reactive synovitis of local origin.

Levels of IgE were examined in pairs of serum and synovial fluid of the knee joint in a series of 78 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reactive synovitis during osteoarthrosis, and after injury. The IgE levels in synovial fluid were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in all groups; in RA, they were in significant correlation (r=0.6208, p less than 0.0001) and in direct linear regression to the levels in serum. In 5 patients of the whole series, however, the IgE levels in serum were lower by one order of magnitude as compared with synovial fluid. Serum levels of IgE in RA were in significant correlation and in direct linear regression to the titres of rheumatoid factors according to the latex-fixation test (r=0.3688, p=0.0249) and the haemagglutination test with sheep red cells (r=0.3721, p=0.0235).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Toxoplasmosis in black-faced kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus melanops).

An epizootic of toxoplasmosis among captive black-faced kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus melanops) is reported. Eight of 25 adult kangaroos had antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Serologic data indicated recent exposure to T. gondii in six kangaroos. Two kangaroos had high T. gondii antibody titers (greater than or equal to 16,384) in the modified agglutination test and their infants died when less than 7 months old. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were found in several organs of one infant kangaroo (joey) that died at about 82 days of age and numerous cysts were seen in skeletal muscles of the other joey that died at about 7 months of age. Adult kangaroos had subclinical infections. The modified agglutination test and the dye test were more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests for the detection of T. gondii antibodies in kangaroo sera.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection and measurement of rheumatoid factor using a new immunoenzyme technique with peroxidase/anti-peroxidase complex.

A new, solid-phase enzymatic technique is proposed for the detection and measurement of rheumatoid factors (RF). A complex (PAP) consisting of peroxidase and rabbit IgG anti-peroxidase antibodies was used as antigen. The sensitivity of the technique is such that even "physiological" levels of RF may be detected in the majority of serum samples. The intra-assay and inter-assay repeatability (6-8% and 12%) is better than that for either of the traditional agglutination techniques (latex fixation test and Waaler-Rose reaction, or LWR) and this means that the serological evolution of the illness may be followed more accurately for each patient. The detection of non-agglutinating RF was also possible. The antigen used (i. e. rabbit IgG) was fixed immunologically to the enzyme, hence it was not denatured by chemically labelling. This antigen resembles that of the Waaler-Rose reaction. A variation of this method enabled the detection of RF immunoglobulin class, when only the IgM fraction of the sera tested could be fixed to the solid phase by means of anti-mu F(ab')2 antibody before introduction of the antigen. The affinity constant could be measured without antibody purification. In 211 cases of adult rheumatoid arthritis, abnormally high levels of RF were revealed in 78% of the subjects using the PAP technique and in only 53% with the agglutination (LWR) techniques. On the other hand, the RF levels were within normal limits in the 51 cases of other inflammatory rheumatisms lacking RF according to LWR techniques, in 62 cases of non-inflammatory diseases (hip osteoarthrosis, low back pain) and also in the 42 cases of other inflammatory diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Rheumatoid factor in bladder tumors.

We used the standard latex fixation test to screen 71 patients with bladder tumors and appropriate controls for the rheumatoid factor. The rheumatoid factor was present in transitional and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Positivity was correlated with staging and histological grading of the tumor. In control subjects it was present in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and anal canal. The possibility of the circulating immune complex with tumor antigen and its antibody has been discussed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Eosinophilic fasciitis: an early variant of scleroderma.

Eosinophilic fasciitis, originally reported as a syndrome distinct from scleroderma, appears now to be an early inflammatory variant of scleroderma. No less than one half of the cases reported as eosinophilic fasciitis have convincing features of scleroderma, including Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, restrictive lung disease, diffuse hyperpigmentation, synovitis, flexion contractures, dermal sclerosis, colonic diverticula, scleroderma kidney, positive latex fixation test, and the presence of serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Clinical presentations of scleroderma range from isolated acrosclerosis to rapidly progressive systemic sclerosis. As clinical experience and long-term follow-up data on eosinophilic fasciitis accumulate, it appears that the syndrome may well represent another variant in the scleroderma spectrum. Reported here is a case which presented clinically and histologically as eosinophilic fasciitis, but which progressed over 3 years to diffuse, histologically confirmed scleroderma.

Eosinophils↗