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[Historical and herbalogical studies on coloring crude drug (Part 1): "Langbacao"].

The name of Langbacao was described for the first time in Kai Bao Ben Cao in 10th century, in which Langbacao was introduced as an herb medicine for scours. While, as the name of Qu, Wujie, it was first described in Er Ya and as the name of Langyecao, it was first described in Ben Cao Shi Yi. Many investigators have confirmed that the original plant of Langbacao is to be Bidens tripartita L. In Japan, Langbacao is generally recognized as ta-u-ko-gi, while some investigators suggested that it is unlikely that ta-u-ko-gi is identical to Langbacao. In the old Chinese literature, Langbacao had been mentioned as a dye which could make hair dark. But in modern Chinese and Japanese literature, few papers reported the use of Bidens tripartita L. as a dye. The characteristics of the shapes of Langbacao between old and modern literature seem not to be consistent. Other names of Langbacao are confused even in the modern literature. It seems that Langbacao in the old literature includes species of the genus Bidens other than B. tripartita.

History, Medieval↗

[The treatment of trophic ulcers of venous etiology from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Review of literature].

Presented herein is a review of the modern world literature devoted to the pressing problem of phlebology--the treatment of trophic ulcers. In the given review all the available data on the modern treatment methods for trophic ulcers, resting on the criteria of evidence-based medicine (EBM), are systematized. Proceeding from these data we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of different approaches to the treatment of trophic ulcers and created the diagnostic and treatment algorithm for patients suffering from the pathology in question. The literature review, resting on the general criteria of evidence-based medicine, has demonstrated that the main current trends in the management of venous ulcers are moist healing, compression therapy, and surgical treatment. However, despite this fact there is a number of unsolved problems concerned first of all with the creation of the integral diagnostic and treatment program for patients with venous ulcers, based on the significant statistical data.

Algorithms↗

[Seed, youth, the land is fertile and the moment, unique!: it is not Neruda, but Gandulfo, the surgeon].

The second and definitive edition of "Crepusculario", the first book of Pablo Neruda, is dedicated by the poet "To Juan Gandulfo, this book of other times, Pablo". Juan Gandulfo, died tragically, at a very young age, in 1931. Juan Gandulfo, remembered in Neruda's memoirs, as the most formidable leader of the Anarchist movement of that time and that engraved in wood the cover and all the illustrations of the first edition of Crepusculario, published in 1923. Neruda qualified these as the "most impressive engravings made by a man that nobody relates to artistic creation". Juan Gandulfo, as a medical student, made the color illustrations used to teach biology and histology by Professor Juan Noe. Juan Gandulfo wrote more than one hundred articles in the magazine "Claridad", pertaining to the Student Federation of Chile. Juan Gandulfo was consequent with his writings and went to jail twice as a student leader and fought a duel for a woman. Later on, with the same vehemence, he dedicated himself to the care of children in the Arriaran Hospital and to teach general surgery at the San Vicente Hospital, but fate truncated his career at the age of 36. This essay is an homage to this man, in the centennial of Pablo Neruda's birth.

Chile↗