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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Genome-wide expression profiling of mid-gestation placenta and embryo using a 15,000 mouse developmental cDNA microarray.

cDNA microarray technology has been increasingly used to monitor global gene expression patterns in various tissues and cell types. However, applications to mammalian development have been hampered by the lack of appropriate cDNA collections, particularly for early developmental stages. To overcome this problem, a PCR-based cDNA library construction method was used to derive 52,374 expressed sequence tags from pre- and peri-implantation embryos, embryonic day (E) 12.5 female gonad/mesonephros, and newborn ovary. From these cDNA collections, a microarray representing 15,264 unique genes (78% novel and 22% known) was assembled. In initial applications, the divergence of placental and embryonic gene expression profiles was assessed. At stage E12.5 of development, based on triplicate experiments, 720 genes (6.5%) displayed statistically significant differences in expression between placenta and embryo. Among 289 more highly expressed in placenta, 61 placenta-specific genes encoded, for example, a novel prolactin-like protein. The number of genes highly expressed (and frequently specific) for placenta has thereby been increased 5-fold over the total previously reported, illustrating the potential of the microarrays for tissue-specific gene discovery and analysis of mammalian developmental programs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

The medical libraries of Vietnam--a service in transition.

The medical libraries of Vietnam maintain high profiles within their institutions and are recognized by health care professionals and administrators as an important part of the health care system. Despite the multitude of problems in providing even a minimal level of medical library services, librarians, clinicians, and researchers nevertheless are determined that enhanced services be made available. Currently, services can be described as basic and unsophisticated, yet viable and surprisingly well organized. The lack of hard western currency required to buy materials and the lack of library technology will be major obstacles to improving information services. Vietnam, like many developing nations, is about to enter a period of technological upheaval, which ultimately will result in a transition from the traditional library limited by walls to a national resource that will rely increasingly on electronic access to international knowledge networks. Technology such as CD-ROM, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), and satellite telecommunication networks such as Internet can provide the technical backbone to provide access to remote and widely distributed electronic databases to support the information needs of the health care community. Over the long term, access to such databases likely will be cost-effective, in contrast to the assuredly astronomical cost of building a comparable domestic print collection. The advent of new, low-cost electronic technologies probably will revolutionize health care information services in developing nations. However, for the immediate future, the medical libraries of Vietnam will require ongoing sustained support from the international community, so that minimal levels of resources will be available to support the information needs of the health care community. It is remarkable, and a credit to the determination of Vietnam's librarians that, in a country with a legacy of war, economic deprivation, and international isolation, they have somehow managed to provide a sound basic level of information services for health care professionals.

Communism↗
PubMed1992

An analysis of transaction logs to evaluate the educational needs of end users.

End users at the University of Southern California (USC) have free access to the last ten years of MEDLINE through a local online system known as USCInfo. Librarians at USC Norris Medical Library provide documentation and offer formal and informal training on the use of the system to search MEDLINE. To assess the educational needs of the end users, 643 searches were analyzed. Although a high proportion (84%) of the searches were judged to be successful, the use of medical subject headings (MeSH) to obtain optimal results was low; only 20% of all successful subject searches employed MeSH. Also, the advanced features of the system were underutilized. While it is promising to learn that many end users are obtaining positive results, methods which will encourage end users improve their retrievals need to be developed.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1992

Louis Gdalman, pioneer in hospital pharmacy poison information services.

The role played by hospital pharmacist Louis Gdalman in the development of poisoning information services in the Chicago area is described. In the 1930s, decades before the creation of the Chicago Poisoning Control Program, Louis Gdalman had already established a poison information service at St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago. Pharmacists provided poison information to the physicians and nurses working in the emergency room. By the early 1950s, Gdalman had established an extensive library of information on the management of acute and chronic poisoning and had developed a standard form for the collection of data from poison information calls. He personally provided a 24-hour poison information service and often took calls at home. In 1953, the American Academy of Pediatrics initiated the Chicago Area Poisoning Control Program and established treatment and referral centers at 11 hospitals, including St. Luke's Hospital. Louis Gdalman was the only pharmacist involved in this city-wide program. By 1962, the Master Poison Control Center was established at St. Luke's Hospital, which had merged with Presbyterian Hospital in 1956. Today, this center, known as the Chicago and Northeastern Illinois Regional Poison Control Center, is located at the Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago. Louis Gdalman, a hospital pharmacist, pioneered the area of poison information and established what was perhaps the first hospital-based comprehensive poison control center.

Chicago↗
PubMed1998

Using scientific evidence to improve hospital library services: Southern Chapter/Medical Library Association journal usage study.

BACKGROUND: Journal usage studies, which are useful for budget management and for evaluating collection performance relative to library use, have generally described a single library or subject discipline. The Southern Chapter/Medical Library Association (SC/MLA) study has examined journal usage at the aggregate data level with the long-term goal of developing hospital library benchmarks for journal use. METHODS: Thirty-six SC/MLA hospital libraries, categorized for the study by size as small, medium, or large, reported current journal title use centrally for a one-year period following standardized data collection procedures. Institutional and aggregate data were analyzed for the average annual frequency of use, average costs per use and non-use, and average percent of non-used titles. Permutation F-type tests were used to measure difference among the three hospital groups. RESULTS: Averages were reported for each data set analysis. Statistical tests indicated no significant differences between the hospital groups, suggesting that benchmarks can be derived applying to all types of hospital libraries. The unanticipated lack of commonality among heavily used titles pointed to a need for uniquely tailored collections. CONCLUSION: Although the small sample size precluded definitive results, the study's findings constituted a baseline of data that can be compared against future studies.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1978

Friends of the library groups in health sciences libraries.

The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center (HAM--TMC) Library collected data on friends of the library groups from 103 health sciences libraries, using a mail questionnaire. Sixteen of the responding libraries had independent friends groups; seven had friends groups that were subordinate to a university group. The sixteen independent groups gave as their major purposes (1) to raise money for their associated library and (2) to develop support for their library. These groups contributed an average of $4,870 a year to their libraries, the money being used primarily to purchase rare books and working-collection books and to sponsor social events. The subordinate groups contributed relatively little money to the health sciences libraries responding to the survey.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1991

Publishing, libraries and new technologies in Europe--today and tomorrow.

This paper addresses the challenges facing medical and health-care librarians from a European perspective. Drawing on his extensive knowledge of European affairs, the author emphasizes the historical roots of European cultural exchange and co-operation in the biomedical area. The impact of the new technologies and the unique opportunities offered by the CEC Plan of Action for promoting co-operation in Europe are discussed. In conclusion, the threat to our cultural heritage posed by acid paper is outlined and European librarians are urged to develop collective initiatives to meet the challenges facing us all.

Europe↗
PubMed1994

LIFENET/INTERNET and the health science librarian.

The Medical Library Center of New York, a cooperative library agency for the health sciences, developed a program to offer an electronic communications system (LIFENET) with access to the Internet for its members. Information on documentation and training as well as statistics on the subsequent use of the system and of the Internet are discussed in the article. Specific examples of how health science librarians are using the system include bibliographic verification, reference, research on integrated library systems, production of duplicate journal lists, and professional activities such as electronic mail and discussion groups (listservs).

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Selection of peptide ligands binding to the basolateral cell surface of proximal convoluted tubules.

BACKGROUND: Recently, we have reported a novel approach of screening phage-display peptide libraries on microdissected intact renal tubular segments and identified an RGD-containing peptide ligand that specifically binds to the basolateral membrane of cortical collecting ducts (CCD). However, screening phage libraries on proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) did not yield a tubule segment-specific ligand. Here, we describe the successful modification of our previously developed phage-display approach and the identification of two distinct ligands that bind specifically to receptors expressed at the basolateral membrane of PCT. METHODS: Ex vivo screening of phage-display peptide libraries for specific ligands was adapted for PCT. The previously developed method was significantly extended by applying it to a distinct tubular segment, varying the number of rounds of biopanning and incubating phage libraries with absorber cells prior to biopanning. Binding specificity and cellular localization of selected peptide-displaying phage or the corresponding synthetic peptide were analyzed using various epithelial cell lines as well as competition assays and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Screening phage-display peptide libraries, depleted of ligands binding to ubiquitously expressed receptors by preincubation with HEK-293 cells, led to the identification of two PCT-specific ligands. Phage expressing peptides with the consensus sequence GV(K/R)GX3(T/S) or RDXR mediated 15-fold and 13-fold higher binding to PCT than control phage, and binding to PCT was 13-fold and 21-fold higher than binding to CCD, respectively. Neither phage mediated significant binding to various epithelial cell lines, and binding of both ligands was abolished by the addition of the corresponding synthetic peptide. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed a submembrane localization of both ligands upon incubation with PCT. CONCLUSIONS: Exploiting the versatility of phage-display and biopanning allowed the identification of two distinct peptide ligands that bind specifically to the basolateral membrane of PCT. Tubule segment-specific ligands, such as the described PCT ligands, may be useful for the analysis of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for renal diseases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Toward the gene catalogue of sea urchin development: the construction and analysis of an unfertilized egg cDNA library highly normalized by oligonucleotide fingerprinting.

We describe the use of oligonucleotide fingerprinting for the generation of a normalized cDNA library from unfertilized sea urchin eggs and report the preliminary analysis of this library, which resulted in the establishment of a partial gene catalogue of the sea urchin egg. In an analysis of 21,925 cDNA clones by hybridization with 217 oligonucleotide probes, we were able to identify 6291 clusters corresponding to different transcripts, ranging in size from 1 to 265 clones. This corresponds to an average 3.5-fold normalization of the starting library. The normalized library represents about one-third of all genes expressed in the sea urchin egg. To generate sequence information for the transcripts represented by the clusters, representative clones selected from 711 clusters were sequenced. The construction and preliminary analysis of the normalized library are the first steps in the assembly of an increasingly complete collection of maternal genes expressed in the sea urchin egg, which will provide a number of insights into the early development of this well-characterized model organism.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparative evaluation of 5'-end-sequence quality of clones in CAP trapper and other full-length-cDNA libraries.

To enhance the usefulness of the laboratory mouse and to facilitate the rapid assay of gene functions we have been collecting the entire set of mouse full-length cDNA by one-pass sequencing. To collect full-length cDNA clones efficiently, it is critical to construct high-quality cDNA libraries. In recent years, we have been developing a way to construct full-length cDNA libraries by using biotinylation of the cap structure (the 'CAP-trapper' method) coupled with treatment to increase reverse transcriptase efficiency at high temperature by the addition of trehalose. In this paper we report our evaluation of the quality of CAP trapper and a number of other full-length cDNA libraries, including the results of 5' end analysis of clones in CAP trapper and the other libraries. We used a procedure that compared the 5'-ends of cDNA clones with those of genes in the public databases. Our analysis showed that 63% of cDNA clones in CAP trapper libraries had sequences that were either the same length as those of equivalent genes in the public database or 5'-extended, and that 90% of these clones maintained their coding sequences. These results indicate that the CAP trapper library is a promising tool for collecting full-length cDNA in large-scale projects. Comparison of the quality of CAP trapper with that of other full-length-cDNA libraries confirmed the value of these libraries.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1966

Mechanization in a new medical school library. II. Serials and circulation.

The serials and circulation phases of the data-processing system in use at the University of New Mexico Library of the Medical Sciences are described. The development of the programs is also reported. The serials program uses simple punched card equipment. The circulation program uses the IBM 357 Data Collection System and punched card data-processing equipment.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1993

How hyper are we? A look at hypermedia management in academic health sciences libraries.

Advances in instruction-delivery technology have a direct impact on academic media centers. New technology challenges librarians philosophically, financially, and ethically to provide access to information and instructional systems. Each institution has a unique set of circumstances governing decisions to provide access to hypermedia. If patron needs are met satisfactorily through labs outside the library, it may not be necessary for the library to incorporate hypermedia into its collection. Other library media centers may serve as a main point of access, or a substantial alternative computing resource may exist in departments or professional schools. Regardless of which route is taken, hypermedia is a viable instructional delivery system and can coexist with traditional services. Future studies on various aspects of hypermedia and multimedia management should be encouraged. Academic health sciences librarians would benefit from the study of hypermedia and multimedia collection-development policies, equipment, and personnel management. As computer networking of multimedia and image databases becomes available, it will be interesting to see the role academic health sciences libraries assume in integrating these data-bases with traditional information-delivery systems. Changing technology and instructional methods will affect budgets as well as library relationships with academic departments and computing centers.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

Do you Mini-Med School? Leveraging library resources to improve Internet consumer health information literacy.

Popular for engaging public interest in medical science while promoting health awareness, Mini-Med School (MMS) programs also afford important if largely unrealized opportunities to improve the health information literacy of attendees. With a growing population using the Internet to make health decisions, needed venues for improving Internet Consumer Health Information (CHI) literacy may be found in the MMS platform. Surveyed directors of MMS programs understand the need to include CHI, and successful programs at SUNY Stony Brook and elsewhere demonstrate the potential for collaboration with affiliated health sciences libraries to integrate CHI instruction into MMS curricula.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative reviewing: the literature review as scientific inquiry.

The literature review process is conceptualized as a form of scientific inquiry that involves methodological requirements and inferences similar to those employed in primary research. Five stages of quantitative reviewing that parallel stages in primary investigation are identified and briefly described. They include problem formation, data collection, data evaluation, analysis and interpretation, and reporting the results. The first two stages provide information and guidelines relevant to reviewers' employing traditional narrative procedures or conducting reviews of qualitative research literature. The final three stages relate specifically to the methodology of quantitative reviewing. The argument is made that quantitative reviewing procedures represent a paradigm shift that can assist researchers and clinicians in occupational therapy to establish a scientific data base that will serve to guide theory development and validate clinical practice.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1978

LATCH at the Washington Hospital Center, 1967-1975.

Immediate access to needed information is essential if medical personnel are to provide quality health care. At the Washington Hospital Center, Literature Attached to Charts, LATCH, was created in 1967 to provide the required information quickly. As a collection of a few relevant articles attached to the patient's chart, it supplies current literature on some aspect of the patient's illness. Following an account of the program's inception, an analysis of 1,935 LATCH requests for the years 1968--1975 reveals that new physicians, that is, interns and first-year residents, requested LATCHes most often. Requests in areas of internal medicine were the most common. The data also show that the program has been well received by its users. LATCH has affected the medical library in several ways. The program has been partially responsible for increases in staff, in the number of journal subscriptions, and in the number of literature searches requested. The program has also brought about greater access to the collection via the card catalog. An important effect has been the tremendous development of professional expertise in the staff preparing the LATCH.

Humans↗