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PubMed1982

[Examination of the correlation between lung function and voice quality after glottoplasty or Blom-Singer-puncture (author's transl)].

The correlation between lung function and the quality of oesophageal speech was investigated in 36 patients who had undergone laryngectomy with glottoplasty. It was found that this correlation did not depend on any important lung function parameters. Lung tests were carried out on 10 patients before and after laryngectomy. No changes in lung function could be found that may have been directly attributed to a laryngectomy. This means that restrictive or obstructive lung disturbances do not contra-indicate glottoplasty or a Blom-Singer-puncture.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Lung function abnormalities and decline of spirometry in scleroderma: an overrated danger?

To document the prevalence and progression of pulmonary involvement in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis including the CREST syndrome), the clinical notes and lung function records of 113 cases were reviewed. Lung function was normal in 39 cases, isolated impairment of DLCO was found in 38 patients, a restrictive defect was present in 27 cases and there was evidence of airflow obstruction in 9 cases. The median duration of symptoms was 10 years. Dyspnoea and an interstitial pattern on chest X-ray were associated with impaired lung function. Death during the period of review was significantly related to initial impairment of the DLCO. Sixty-six patients (53 women and 13 men) underwent repeat spirometry at least 1 year after initial testing. The rates of change in VC and FEV1 were no more rapid than would be expected for normal subjects. There was no significant difference in rates of change between men and women or between dyspnoeic patients and those who were asymptomatic. The extent of skin involvement and the presence of interstitial fibrosis on chest X-ray were unrelated to the rate of loss of lung function. It is concluded that most scleroderma patients in this study had abnormal lung function when first tested, but overall significant worsening of spirometry was not found.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Acute effects of herbal tea dust extracts on lung function.

The acute effect of herbal tea dust extracts on lung function was studied in 15 of 25 healthy subjects responding to the inhalation of these extracts. Bronchial inhalation challenge was performed with tea extracts (sage, dog rose and gruzyan) and with normal saline solution as a control substance to assess their baseline airway reactivity to an isotonic aerosol. Lung function testing was performed before exposure and at 0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the cessation of exposure. The same subjects were also tested by challenge with methacholine. Lung function was measured by recording FVC, FEV1, FEF50, FEF25, SGaw, and Raw. Subjects were skin tested by the skin prick method and serum IgE levels were determined. The findings suggested that neither baseline nonspecific airway reactivity nor specific markers of immediate sensitivity to tea predict airway responses to tea extracts. Further evaluation of immunologic markers may help to explain the onset and progression of airway disease in workers.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Lung function in Maoris and Samoans working in New Zealand.

The lung function of 79 Maori workers was compared with that of 31 workers from Western Samoa and with 616 Europeans from the same factory. No significant difference was found in either forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or in forced vital capacity (FVC) between the two Polynesian groups. The combined 110 Polynesians had a lung function which was significantly lower, by about 9%, than that of the Europeans working in the same factory. The lung function differences did not appear to be related to smoking, occupational or environmental factors. While it seems likely that the cause of the differences is a major gene effect a non-job-related social factor cannot yet be completely excluded. Charts for predicting FEV1 and FVC in male Maori and Samoan workers in New Zealand are given.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Ethnic origin and lung function of infants born prematurely.

BACKGROUND: Ethnic origin has an important influence on the lung function of adults and young children but its effect during infancy, particularly following premature delivery, is unclear. METHODS: The results from infants of pure Afro-Caribbean (subjects) and pure Caucasian (controls) descent, all of whom were born prematurely (median gestational age 28 weeks), were compared. Fifty subjects were each retrospectively matched with a control for gestational age, sex, and requirement for neonatal ventilation. Lung function measurements were performed at similar postnatal ages in each pair. The median postnatal ages of the two groups at the time of study was seven and eight months, respectively. Lung function was assessed by measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) by a helium gas dilution technique and plethysmographic measurement of thoracic gas volume (TGV) and airways resistance (Raw), from which specific conductance (sGaw) was calculated. RESULTS: No differences were found between the subjects and controls regarding FRC or TGV, but Raw was higher and sGaw lower in the subjects. The mean Raw of the subjects was 50.3 cm H2O/1/s and of the controls was 44.1 cm H2O/1/s (95% confidence intervals of the difference 1.5 to 10.9). CONCLUSIONS: Prematurely born infants of Afro-Caribbean origin have more severe lung function abnormalities at approximately 7-8 months of age than those of Caucasian origin. This merits further investigation.

Black People↗

PubMed1993

The effects of ambient NO2 on lung function in primary schoolchildren.

The effect of ambient NO2 on lung function was investigated in a sample of 423 schoolchildren. At each of four locations NO2 was monitored continuously. Over a 6-month period from January to June 1990 two surveys were performed and spirometry recorded each time for each child. Linear regression was used to estimate the effect of NO2 for different time intervals preceding lung function testing. A decrease of NO2 between surveys was significantly associated with a higher forced vital capacity (FVC) at the second survey. For each microgram/m3 NO2 decrease the model predicted an increase in FVC of 1.5 ml [for the 2-hr mean (P < 0.05)] and 3.1 ml [for the 12-hr mean (P < 0.01)]. We conclude that even at NO2 levels below current air-quality standards children demonstrate significant changes in lung function.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1991

Lung function in school-age children who had mild lower respiratory illnesses in early childhood.

We examined the relationship between patterns of mild lower respiratory illness (LRI) experienced in early childhood and lung function in 89 boys and 70 girls 6 to 18 yr of age. The children's histories of outpatient visits for wheezing and nonwheezing LRI during the first 6 yr of life had been documented by physicians in a single pediatric practice. Most children were reported by their parents to have been free of recurrent respiratory symptoms during the 2 yr prior to lung function testing. In sex-specific analyses, average lung function assessed by spirometry was similar in children who had made zero or one physician visit for wheezing LRI during the preschool years. Boys who had experienced two or more episodes of wheezing LRI during the preschool years had lower average FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75, Vmax50, and Vmax75 than did boys who had zero or one preschool wheezing illness. The association between recurrent preschool wheezing LRI and later lung function remained after exclusion of data from seven boys who were reported to have wheezed in the 2 yr prior to study. Girls who had experienced two or more preschool wheezing LRI had lower average FEF25-75 and Vmax50 than girls with a history of zero or one such illness, but differences were not statistically significant. Recurrent nonwheezing LRI during the preschool years was not significantly associated with subsequent lung function in either sex, regardless of preschool wheezing LRI history. Detailed information concerning early childhood LRI experience is valuable in epidemiologic studies of factors influencing lung function in children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Aminophylline therapy for idiopathic apnea in premature infants: effects on lung function.

The effect of aminophylline on lung function was studied in 14 premature infants with apnea (gestational age, 30.2 weeks; birth weight, 1.052 gm). The infants showed compromised pulmonary function with a large difference in alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient (83.9 mm Hg), a low normal lung compliance of 1.1 ml/cm H2O . kg, and a normal inspiratory resistance of 45.3 cm H2O/liter/sec. Aminophylline therapy did not change these functions significantly, but it decreased the incidence of apneic episodes from 29.7 to 4.4 per day. The effectiveness of aminophylline in treating apnea in premature infants must be related to its central stimulating effect and not to an improvement in lung function and oxygenation.

Aminophylline↗

PubMed1976

Lung function among black and white children.

Racial differences in ventilatory lung function were evaluated in a community study of 393 children (158 blacks, 235 whites). Mean forced vital capacity was 18 per cent larger in nonsmoking white males than in nonsmoking black males, and 11 per cent larger in nonsmoking white females than in nonsmoking black females. Similar differences were observed for the 1-sec forced expiratory volume and for the maximal expiratory flow at 50 per cent of the vital capacity. However, when adjusted for lung size (on the basis of forced vital capacity), 1-sec forced expiratory volume and maximal expiratory flow at 50 per cent of the forced vital capacity were larger in the black children compared to the white children. Lung function prediction equations based on race, sex, age, height and weight are presented for healthy nonsmoking children; these allow for an evaluation of normal lung function in both black and white children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Relationship between the chest radiograph, regional lung function studies, exercise tolerance, and clinical condition in cystic fibrosis.

This study evaluated the accuracy of the interpretation of the chest film in delineating localised abnormalities of ventilation and perfusion, as well as the overall severity of airways obstruction, exercise tolerance, and clinical condition in children with cystic fibrosis. Radiographic findings in various regions of the chest film were compared with the functional values obtained with regional lung function tests which evaluated the arrival and disappearance of boluses of radioactive nitrogen given by inhalation and infusion. While the more severely affected areas on the chest radiograph were found to correlate with similar regions on the lung function tests, as did overall scores, errors occurred in some cases if the x-ray film alone was used as a judge of regional physiological derangement. In addition the degree of airways obstruction, the exercise tolerance on a cycle ergometer, and clinical grading, each correlated significantly with the radiographic score. We conclude that the chest radiograph is a good indicator of the overall severity of the lung disease and that it correlates well with exercise tolerance and clinical condition in cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

A cross sectional study of the independent effect of occupation on lung function in British coal miners.

BACKGROUND: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are now recognised complications of occupational exposure to coal dust, and since 1992 compensation has been available for miners with impaired lung function provided that they also have x ray film evidence of pneumoconiosis. However, many miners with heavy exposure to coal dust and impairment of lung function therefore do not qualify for compensation because they do not have simple pneumoconiosis. In the present study attempts were made to determine whether coal mining is an independent risk factor for impairment of lung function in a group of Nottinghamshire miners with no evidence of simple pneumoconiosis, by comparing these men with a group of local controls who were not occupationally exposed. METHOD: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained on 1286 miners with no evidence of pneumoconiosis on x ray film. Lung function data were also obtained from a random sample of 567 men aged between 40 and 70 living in a district of Nottingham and who had never worked in the mining industry or in any other dusty occupation. Multiple linear regression in SPSS was used to estimate the mean independent effect of mining on FEV1 and FVC after adjustment for age, height, and smoking, in all miners and controls, and in a subgroup of men of 45 and under. In men of 45 and under, the independent effects of mining and smoking on the probability of a deficit of one litre or more from modelled predicted FEV1 values were computed with logistic regression in EGRET. RESULTS: There was a significant mean effect of mining on FEV1 after adjustment for age, height, and smoking of -155 ml (95% confidence interval (95% CI) -74 to -236 ml, P < 0.001), but the size of effect was inversely related to age such that in men of 45 and under the estimated mean effect of mining was -251 ml (95% CI -140 to -361 ml, P < 0.001). In this subgroup of younger men, 4.7% of miners and 0.7% of controls had a deficit of one litre or more from predicted FEV1 values, and in logistic regression, there was a marginally significant independent effect of both smoking (P = 0.05) and mining (P = 0.07) for a deficit of this magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to coal dust is associated with a small mean deficit in lung function even in the absence of simple pneumoconiosis, and independently from the effects of smoking. The requirement that miners should have evidence of pneumoconiosis to qualify for compensation for impaired lung function is therefore unjustified.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Immunoglobulin E, viral antibodies and obstructive lung disease in adults. The relation between antibody level in serum, lung function and non-specific bronchial reactivity].

We have measured immunoglobulin E levels and respiratory virus antibodies and examined their possible role as risk factors for obstructive lung disease in adults. We observed that increased total serum IgE levels were associated with reduced lung function in subjects with obstructive lung disease, but not in asymptomatic subjects. Subjects sensitised to indoor allergens (house dust mites, cats and mould) had reduced lung function and increased, non-specific, bronchial responsiveness compared with individuals who were not sensitised to indoor allergens. Similar relationships were not observed for subjects sensitised to outdoor allergens (birch and timothy). The presence of respiratory virus antibodies was vaguely associated with reduced lung function, but was not related to increased, non-specific, bronchial responsiveness. In adults in this community sensitisation to indoor allergens is a strong predictor of reduced lung function and increased, non-specific, bronchial responsiveness, which are again closely associated with obstructive lung disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Nutritional and lung function profile of boys belonging to east Delhi.

Nutritional and pulmonary profile of 50 boys (age group 12-15 years) belonging to slums of East Delhi were studied. Various anthropometric parameters (height, weight, total body fat) and pulmonary parameters (FVC, FEV1 and PEFR) were recorded and compared with control group of same age studying in public school of East Delhi. Regression analysis was carried out to see the correlation between body surface area (BSA) with lung functions. The lung functions were found to be compromised in boys inhabitating the slums and a positive correlation between BSA and lung functions indicates that multitude of factors like environmental pollution, nutritional status, etc, do contribute towards pulmonary morbidity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Familial factors related to lung function in children aged 6-10 years. Results from the PAARC epidemiologic study.

Familial factors related to lung function between six and 10 years of age have been studied among 1,160 children whose both parents were examined in 1975 in the French PAARC (Pollution Atmosphérique et Affections Respiratoires Chroniques) Cooperative Study. The three indices FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), and FEF25-75 (forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 per cent of the vital capacity) were studied after adjustment for sex, town, age, and height (and weight for children's FVC and FEV1). Maternal (but not paternal) smoking was associated with a significant decrease in FEV1 and FEF25-75, but not in FVC. Familial resemblance was observed for all indices between children and parents and between siblings. None of the environmental factors considered (i.e., parental smoking or education) or body habitus explained the familial resemblance observed. Conversely, after taking into account the aggregation between siblings, associations between children's lung function and parental characteristics (smoking, lung function) remained significant. Parental-children correlations exhibited an increasing temporal trend with increasing age of the children. All but one correlation for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 residuals of children with mothers' residuals were higher in the oldest age group compared with the youngest age group at the 0.10 level. Furthermore, correlations between siblings of opposite sex were significantly lower than correlations between siblings of like sex, especially for FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75/FVC. Results suggest that different growth patterns between boys and girls may be a critical factor in the study of lung function familial resemblance.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

Respiratory sequelae and lung function after whooping cough in infancy.

The lung function of 31 children, aged 6-13 years, who had whooping cough as infants and 32 control children matched for age, sex, and residence area were compared in a community based cohort study. Family history of obstructive airway disease, smoking habits in the family, atopy, and other background factors examined were similar in the two groups. The ratios of recalled repeated acute respiratory infections did not differ among the groups. Children in the control group were slightly more involved in physical activities. History of obstructive airway disease, findings on chest radiography, and distribution of immunoglobulin concentrations, including IgE, did not differ significantly. Lung function before and after exercise and after inhalation of salbutamol were not different. No impairment of small airways was detected. Our data do not support the hypothesis that whooping cough in itself is a causal factor for later obstructive respiratory disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

On the temporal relationships between lung function and somatic growth.

A sample population of healthy nonsmoking male (n = 416) and female (n = 608) subjects derived from all non-Hispanic white subjects 5 to 60 yr of age enrolled in the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Disease was studied to evaluate the temporal relationships between various pulmonary function measures and somatic growth. Pulmonary function measures derived from the maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve included FVC, FEV1, maximal expiratory flow after 50% of vital capacity had been expired (Vmax50), and maximal midexpiratory flow (FEF25-75). The lung function and somatic growth longitudinal data were characterized by a nonparametric polynomial smoothing spline model. This procedure yields an optimal fitted curve through the data, an estimate of the growth velocity curve, and 95% confidence bands. Temporal relationships between the fitted growth curves were determined examining the ages at which the growth velocity peaks (GVP) occur. In addition, the age of growth cessation was estimated using lower limits of the 95% confidence bands of each growth velocity curve. The results indicate that the point estimates of the somatic GVPs precede all peak lung function measurements derived from the MEFV curve in both males and females. The only statistically significant difference between when the GVPs for somatic growth and functional lung growth occurred was for FEV1 and FEF25-75 in males, though similar trends were apparent in all other variables, suggesting that the timing of maximal body growth velocity precedes that of maximal lung functional growth and that the early growth spurt in females includes the lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[The effect of salmeterol on the number of hypodense eosinophils, eosinophilic cationic protein levels ECP in serum, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and lung function test in patients with bronchial asthma].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to compare the influence of salmeterol xinofoate on blood hypodense eosinophil numbers ECP level in serum and sputum, and on lung function tests (VC, FEV1), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (PC20) Lung function tests (FEV1, VC), bronchial histamine challenge (PC20) and measurements of hypodense eosinophils number and ECP level in sputum and serum were done before two and six weeks after treatment with 50 micrograms salmeterol twice daily. Hypodense eosinophils were measured by Kuo et all, ECP by radioimmunosorbent assay using ECP RIA kit Pharmacia. Normal range of ECP is 2.3-15 micrograms/L Hyperreactivity by standard bronchial provocation techniques. The lung function tests (VC, FEV1, FEV1%VC) were measured with Pneumoscreen. RESULT: Eosinophil number decrease after treatment: 42.7 +/- 18.3 before vs 23.4 +/- 8.7 after. ECP level had decreased in serum 53 +/- 24 micrograms/L before and 32 +/- 12 micrograms/L after 2 weeks and 36 +/- 13 micrograms/L after 6 weeks: in sputum 2345 +/- 489 micrograms/g before and 1342 +/- 894 micrograms/g after 2 weeks 1741 micrograms/g after 6 weeks. Lung function tests had improved during the observation and hyperresponsiveness had decreased (0.08 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml before 0.24 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml after 2 week sand 0.4 +/- 0.16 after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: ECP in serum and sputum in asthmatic patients is higher then in normal patients. Salmeterol improved lung function tests, decreased bronchial responsiveness, decreased hypodense eosinophils number and ECP concentration in serum and sputum. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This date suggested that salmeterol modified bronchial responsiveness and protected the bronchial inflammation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Correlation of hematologic markers of inflammation and lung function: a comparison of asymptomatic smokers and nonsmokers.

Increased inflammation of the peripheral airways has been implicated as a cause of pulmonary function impairment. However, little information is available on the correlation between subclinical decrements of pulmonary function and inflammation in asymptomatic individuals. A relationship between markers of inflammation and lung function may be useful in predicting the early onset of lung function impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of hematologic markers of inflammation and spirometry in asymptomatic smokers and nonsmokers. The specific objectives of this study were twofold. The first objective was to quantify and compare the spirometric measures of lung function in smokers and nonsmokers having similar demographic and lifestyle characteristics. The second objective was to define the correlation between these spirometric measurements and hematologic markers of inflammation (white blood cells, monocytes, basophils, PGE1, IgG, and IgE). Systemic blood samples and spirometric measurements were obtained from 61 age-matched (33 +/- 9 years) healthy, asymptomatic smokers and nonsmokers, with similar self reported lifestyles (i.e., food, alcohol, vitamin consumption and exercise). Both male and female smokers self reported a higher coffee consumption (P < 0.05) compared to nonsmokers. Male smokers self-reported a trend toward current blue-collar versus white-collar occupation when compared with the nonsmokers. Body weight (77.6 +/- 16.6 kg) did not differ between the smokers and nonsmokers. The male nonsmokers were taller than the male smokers (P < 0.05). All subjects were asymptomatic and had clinically normal spirometry. Compared to male nonsmokers, the male smokers had lower FEF25-75% and FEF75-45% values (P < 0.05). No additional spirometric measurements, including FEV1/FVC, FEV1 and FVC were significantly different. The female smokers did not differ from the female nonsmokers (P < 0.05) in any of the spirometric endpoints measured. Thirteen statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlations involving inflammatory (white blood cells, monocytes, basophils, and PGE1) or immunologic endpoints (IgE) and spirometric measurements were observed in female smokers, female nonsmokers and male nonsmokers. No statistically significant correlations involving immunologic or inflammatory endpoints were observed in the male smokers. A better mechanistic understanding of the observed relationship between elevated hematologic inflammatory endpoints and reduced lung function may provide valuable insight into the clinical significance of these correlations.

Adult↗