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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Possible protein phosphatase inhibition by bis(hydroxyethyl)sulfide, a hydrolysis product of mustard gas.

Recently, the natural vesicant cantharidin was shown to bind exclusively to and inhibit protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in mouse tissue extracts (Li and Casida (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 11867-11870). To explore the generality of this effect in vesicant action, we measured the protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity in mouse liver cytosol (in the form of the okadaic acid inhibitable increment of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) phosphatase activity) in the presence of aqueous sulfur mustard or its hydrolysis product, bis(hydroxyethyl)sulfide (TDG). Sulfur mustard inhibited p-NPP hydrolysis. However, inhibition correlated with the time elapsed between thawing and the addition of mustard to the enzyme preparation, not with concentration. TDG exhibited a direct, concentration-related inhibition of p-NPP hydrolysis between 30 and 300 microM. We conclude that sulfur mustard also has an inhibitory effect on protein serine/threonine phosphatases. However, the inhibition is an effect of its non-alkykating hydrolysis product TDG, not of sulfur mustard itself.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radioprotective agents in the decontamination of rats poisoned with percutaneously administered mustard gas].

The efficacy of rat skin decontamination by radioprotective agents AET and cystamine were tested. Results were compared to standard decontaminants-alcoholate, clay and fuller's earth. It was found that all the animals decontaminated with standard decontaminants had survived 4 LD50 of poison for 21 days. All the animals poisoned by 6 LD50 had survived for 1 day except for those decontaminated with alcoholate where 50% survived throughout the observation period. Alcoholate and clay protected all, and fuller's earth 70% of animals poisoned by 12 LD50, but no longer than 24 h. AET and cystamine protected all rats from 1.7 LD50 for 3 days, from 1 LD50 for 2 days, and from 2 LD50 for 1 day. When higher doses of poison were used (1.7-6.8 LD50) only partial protection was achieved. Our results support the conclusion that radioprotective agents could be convenient means for improvised decontamination of persons poisoned by sulfur mustard, so additional investigations are necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Reactive derivatives of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide analogues. II. Properties of phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide derivatives containing an aromatic residue of nitrogen mustard gas].

The alkylating properties of the derivatives of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide analogues containing the alkylating 3'-[N-methyl-4-(N'-methyl-N'-2-chloroethylamino)benzyl]phosphamide group were studied using the alkylating 3'-phosphamide derivative of trithymidine phosphorothioate TpsTpsTpN(CH3)CH2RCl. It was shown by ion-exchange chromatography and 31P NMR spectroscopy that reagents of this type are able to alkylate, depending on the conditions, both their own internucleotide phosphorothioate residues and nucleophiles in the medium. In the absence of external nucleophiles in aqueous media, TpsTpsTpN(CH3)CH2RCl forms predominantly the products of intramolecular alkylation of ps-groups rather than the products of hydrolysis of the RCl-group. In the presence of a nucleophile (1 M aqueous ethylenediamine), the reagent alkylates mainly the aliphatic amino groups of the nucleophile. If the ethylenediamine concentration is reduced to 0.1 M, both processes take place, whereby the rate of reaction with EDA is twice as high as that of intramolecular alkylation. The rate constant of the limiting stage of alkylation (ionization of the C-Cl bond), k0, does not depend on the presence of the competitive nucleophile (ethylenediamine) and is 3.95 x 10(-4) s-1 at 37 degrees C.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Photocatalytic removing of a mustard gas analogue 2-CEES vapor over SO4(2-)/TiO2].

Disinfection with photocatalysis, compared to with the conventional cleanout, is both high efficient and non contaminative, but the simple TiO2 photocatalyst is showing to be of low activity and low active stability so to be hardly practical application. In the paper, SO4(2-)/TiO2 were papered by surface modification of TiO2 with dilute H2SO4, and the photocatalytic degradation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) on the samples was examined in a fixed-bed microreactor. The examination show that the acidic modification enhanced both the activity and the active stability of TiO2, and the sample ST200 prepared by calcination at 200 degrees C was better than ST400 by calcination at 400 degrees C. The effect of water vapor content and reaction temperature on the photocatalytic degradation of 2-CEES was also tested, showing that the sample ST200 had high activity and stability at 90 degrees C, and kept a constant activity when adding 30.5 mL/L water vapor into the reactive system in which 2-CEES initial concentration was low to < 61 microL x L(-1). In addition, it was found that supporting SO4(2-)/TiO2 on gamma-Al2O3, SiO2 and active carbon could improve on the activity and stability of SO4(2-)/TiO2, and on supports SiO2 is the best one.

Air Pollutants↗