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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Memory disorders in senile dementia].

Being induced by a certain external cause, coherent ideas of the events gone by may occur in the consciousness of senile dementia patients. These observations suggest that memory stores in senile dementia remain outside the destructive action of the senile atrophic process, in any case until the expressive speech is preserved. Storage of the information acquired before the appearance of the symptoms of dementia is unlikely to depend on the degree of its personality importance. Before it becomes strongly manifest, senile dementia does not prevent the stamping on the person's memory, at least of part of new information (possibly, of only emotionally significant). Such material may also be stored in the patients' memory even in case of pronounced dementia. Difficulties in active reproduction of the ideas available in memory stores can already be seen at the early stages, becoming more remarkable as the disease progresses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[A follow-up study on a randomized, single-blind control of King's Brain pills in treatment of memory disorder in elderly people with MCI in a Beijing community].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of King's Brain pills (Compound Chinese ginseng extract from herbs) on the treatment and the delaying of memory decline in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a community by a year follow-up of neuropsychology. METHOD: 75 patients with MCI were selected from Beixinqiao community of Beijing by a cutoff score of 0.0/0.5 on CDR and were randomly assigned into a treatment group (n = 30 cases), given 4 pills of a compound Chinese ginseng extract (King's Brain) with 2 placebo tablets, and a positive control group (n = 30 cases), given 2 tablets of Piracetam with 4 placebo tablets, as well as a placebo group (n = 15 cases), given a placebo of 4 tablets and 2 pills. All subjects took this medication 3 times a day for 3 months. Single-blind and double-moulding control were used in this study. At a baseline and a middlepoint (after 3 months), and a follow-up end (one year later) following a three months of medication therapeutics, all subjects were assessed using a battery consisting of MMSE and 5 memory items on BNPT battery. RESULT: In the treatment group, MMSE score 27.50 +/- 1.68 was increased to 28.27 +/- 1.70 after 3 months but decreased to 26.90 +/- 1.90 after one year of the treatment. However, the latter score was higher than that in a placebo group 26.33 +/- 1.03 (P < 0.05). Verbal Learning Test score was significantly increased from 68.73 +/- 28.74 at baseline to 87.33 +/- 29.78 at follow-up point in the treatment group, which was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P < 0.01). The total score of memory items on BNPT battery was significantly increased from 78.23 +/- 28.98 at baseline to 93.53 +/- 35.56 at follow-up point in the treatment group, higher than that in Piracetam group (P < 0.05) and the placebo group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Both King's Brain spills and piracetam tablets have protective effect on cognitive and memory decline in elderly with MCI.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Language and memory disorder in the case of Jonathan Swift: considerations on retrospective diagnosis.

The cause of behavioural changes described by Alzheimer for his original case, Auguste D., has been recently reconfirmed by histological examination. However, there has been active speculation regarding the cause of behavioural changes exhibited by the political satirist Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) during the final three years of his life for over 250 years. Swift's symptoms of cognitive changes, memory impairment, personality alterations, language disorder and facial paralysis have all been apportioned differing levels of significance in various attempts at retrospective diagnosis. The various medical arguments put forward from the 18th through 20th centuries will be critically examined. The diagnoses considered refer to evolving theories of insanity, phrenology, localization of cortical function, hydrocephalus, psychoanalysis, aphasia, dementia and depression in ageing. Re-consideration of the attempts to re-diagnose Swift's final mental state by the leading neurological thinkers of the day, including Wilde (The Closing Years of Dean Swift's Life. Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1849), Bucknill (1882), Osler [Osler's textbook Principles and Practice of Medicine (1892); published in St Thomas's Hospital Gazette (London) 1902; 12: 59-60), Brain (Irish Med J 1952: 320-1 and 337-346) and Boller and Forbes (J Neurol Sci 1998; 158: 125-133) reveal the changing attitudes regarding the significance of behavioural symptoms to neurological diagnosis from the 18th century to the present day.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Memory disorders in Parkinson's disease].

52 patients with Parkinson's diseases (PD), 11 patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 healthy individuals were observed. The age of the examined persons was 55-74 years. Both quantitative evaluation of the neurologic symptoms and estimation of high psychic functions were performed by means of A.R.Luria's method. Memory tests were also used. It was found that PD was practically always accompanied by memory impairments which were out of the normal age limits. The main mechanism of memory impairment in PD without dementia included insufficiency of independent organization of the mnestic activity at the stages of memorizing and reproduction. Besides, a primary disorder was observed in PD with dementia. There were memory impairments in PD with dementia (more crude disturbances of both involuntary memory and processing of information during memorizing) and in AD (disorders of a semantic memory). It was found that disorders of memory trace consolidation were more dependent on the age of PD beginning, whereas insufficiency of the independent organization of the mnestic activity--on its duration. The majority of memory indices correlated in PD with a degree of the disorders of a gait and postural reflexes. It is suggested that memory defects in PD are manifestations of the main pathologic process which had some differences from the other neurogeriatric diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Brain substrates of episodic memory disorders in Alzheimer's disease].

Resting state PET measurement is useful to unravel brain regions whose dysfunction is responsible for impairment of episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease. First, the consistent hypometabolism of posterior cingulate cortex, temporo-parietal cortex and frontal cortex contrasts with the frequent lack of hippocampal hypometabolism, although it is first to be concerned by neurofibrillary tangles. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain this paradoxical result. Second, the correlative approach (correlations between memory performances and metabolic values on a voxel basis) shows that dysfunction of the hippocampal region is responsible for the earliest deficits of episodic memory, and then suggests the recruitment of neocortical temporal areas normally involved in semantic memory, perhaps as a form of a compensatory mechanism. When applied to the study of Mild Cognitive Impairment, this approach is also very fruitful.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Memory disorders in posterior vertebrobasilar cerebral artery insufficiency].

A clinical and neuropsychological study of 10 vascular patients with signs of circulatory insufficiency in the vertebro-basilar-posterior cerebral territory in whom the dominant symptom was loss of memory with relative idemnity of other intelectual functions is presented. In 5 cases clinical signs of acute infarct in the posterior cerebral artery territories existed in the form of amnesic infarct. The disturbances and the localization of the lesion confirmed by paraclinical examinations (EEG, angiography of the posterior circulation, radioisotope scan) are discussed.

Aged↗